Ponte João, Gualter Couto, Pedro Pimentel, André Oliveira
The Azores is one of the most sustainable nature-based island destinations in the world. Local tourism activities companies are vital to tourists’ adventure experiences. These businesses’ portfolios were analysed using various editions of the official Tourism Activities Guide . The analysis focused on companies’ products, types of activities, geographical coverage and brands. The generalised profile generated indicates that these firms each operate on only one island, have a small portfolio and are prone to specialise in sea or land activities. Snorkelling and motor boat rides are the most common sea activities, while nature hikes and walks, van tours and cultural tours are the most widely offered land activities. Explicit or indirect references to the Azores and adventure often appear in companies’ brands, which is in line with international trends in adventure tourism. However, company profiles are changing due to the impacts of a new air transport model.
{"title":"Tourism activities and companies in a sustainable adventure tourism destination: the Azores","authors":"Ponte João, Gualter Couto, Pedro Pimentel, André Oliveira","doi":"10.18089/TMS.2018.14403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18089/TMS.2018.14403","url":null,"abstract":"The Azores is one of the most sustainable nature-based island destinations in the world. Local tourism activities companies are vital to tourists’ adventure experiences. These businesses’ portfolios were analysed using various editions of the official Tourism Activities Guide . The analysis focused on companies’ products, types of activities, geographical coverage and brands. The generalised profile generated indicates that these firms each operate on only one island, have a small portfolio and are prone to specialise in sea or land activities. Snorkelling and motor boat rides are the most common sea activities, while nature hikes and walks, van tours and cultural tours are the most widely offered land activities. Explicit or indirect references to the Azores and adventure often appear in companies’ brands, which is in line with international trends in adventure tourism. However, company profiles are changing due to the impacts of a new air transport model.","PeriodicalId":43763,"journal":{"name":"Tourism & Management Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45955145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study developed a business management model to help stimulate social responsibility innovation and strengthen tourism in the city of Tres Coracoes, Brazil. The research focused on identifying beliefs and values that work together to engender greater engagement and better social performance for companies mainly through innovation in order to strengthen regional tourism. The methodology used was grounded theory, which is a form of qualitative research that seeks to generate new theories through concepts, categories and properties. The proposed model both reflects social responsibility’s role in the analysed companies and helps to map the diverse socioeconomic sectors of these companies and the city’s tourism industry. The results provide evidence that marketing and social responsibility concerns are increasingly a strategic factor in tourism organisations.
{"title":"Marketing and social responsibility: an exploratory study of local tourism","authors":"H. Pozo, Takeshy Tachizawa","doi":"10.18089/TMS.2018.14404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18089/TMS.2018.14404","url":null,"abstract":"This study developed a business management model to help stimulate social responsibility innovation and strengthen tourism in the city of Tres Coracoes, Brazil. The research focused on identifying beliefs and values that work together to engender greater engagement and better social performance for companies mainly through innovation in order to strengthen regional tourism. The methodology used was grounded theory, which is a form of qualitative research that seeks to generate new theories through concepts, categories and properties. The proposed model both reflects social responsibility’s role in the analysed companies and helps to map the diverse socioeconomic sectors of these companies and the city’s tourism industry. The results provide evidence that marketing and social responsibility concerns are increasingly a strategic factor in tourism organisations.","PeriodicalId":43763,"journal":{"name":"Tourism & Management Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48593838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tourism’s contribution to the economy, in general, and to local economies, in particular, is widely accepted. Given the increasing competition between destinations and complexity of tourism destination management, the formation and development of cooperative relationships between stakeholders has become a requirement for success and sustainability. This study sought to understand business cooperation in terms of specific territories’ complementarity, with a specific focus on tourism development in the Portuguese subregion of the Setubal Peninsula. A qualitative methodology was applied using a case study. Documentary sources were analysed to collect data to facilitate the peninsula’s characterisation, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with a focus group. The results indicate that stakeholders understand cooperation’s importance to obtaining synergies that ensure tourism and regional development. The interviewees identified a set of benefits associated with cooperation, but these experts are all aware of this strategy’s challenges, which, nonetheless, do not necessarily diminish their willingness to cooperate.
{"title":"Cooperation in tourism and regional development","authors":"Teresa Costa, Maria João Sousa Lima","doi":"10.18089/TMS.2018.14405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18089/TMS.2018.14405","url":null,"abstract":"Tourism’s contribution to the economy, in general, and to local economies, in particular, is widely accepted. Given the increasing competition between destinations and complexity of tourism destination management, the formation and development of cooperative relationships between stakeholders has become a requirement for success and sustainability. This study sought to understand business cooperation in terms of specific territories’ complementarity, with a specific focus on tourism development in the Portuguese subregion of the Setubal Peninsula. A qualitative methodology was applied using a case study. Documentary sources were analysed to collect data to facilitate the peninsula’s characterisation, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with a focus group. The results indicate that stakeholders understand cooperation’s importance to obtaining synergies that ensure tourism and regional development. The interviewees identified a set of benefits associated with cooperation, but these experts are all aware of this strategy’s challenges, which, nonetheless, do not necessarily diminish their willingness to cooperate.","PeriodicalId":43763,"journal":{"name":"Tourism & Management Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47333466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Various management models have been proposed for intangible business assets in this new digital era. However, these models do not contemplate the relationships of intangible assets in the business management, neither their impact between them. This work has two main objectives; first, to show the impact of the intangible assets that are expressed on digital media over the energy brands; and second, to prove the relationships between the emotions and experiences and the attitude of these audiences. In order to do so, a novel intangibles model is proposed, and applied over the energy sector of the IBEX35. In this scenario, we have determined that user’s experiences extracted from digital environments significantly have relationships one of the most important intangibles in its business, namely the emotion.
{"title":"Managing Relational Capital for the Sustainability of the Energy Sector in the Social Media","authors":"Ana-María Casado-Molina, C. Ramos, F. Cabrera","doi":"10.18089/TMS.2018.14308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18089/TMS.2018.14308","url":null,"abstract":"Various management models have been proposed for intangible business assets in this new digital era. However, these models do not contemplate the relationships of intangible assets in the business management, neither their impact between them. This work has two main objectives; first, to show the impact of the intangible assets that are expressed on digital media over the energy brands; and second, to prove the relationships between the emotions and experiences and the attitude of these audiences. In order to do so, a novel intangibles model is proposed, and applied over the energy sector of the IBEX35. In this scenario, we have determined that user’s experiences extracted from digital environments significantly have relationships one of the most important intangibles in its business, namely the emotion.","PeriodicalId":43763,"journal":{"name":"Tourism & Management Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42374285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nuno Álvares Felizardo, I. R. Troccoli, Patrícia Leite da Silva Scatulino
Physically disabled customers (PDC) in Brazil face numerous obstacles in their social role as consumers, in spite of their significant share in the population. Their low visibility implies that they are not seen as what they really are: potential consumers. Consequently, they cannot either satisfy their wishes or achieve personal values through the acquisition of products and services. This suggests an investigation of the major reasons behind their consumption practices related to personal values. Using the soft laddering technique, this research shows that happiness and freedom are the personal values achieved by PDCs while enjoying beachside recreation activities. Non-participant observation and the priming stimuli typology on the five human senses were simultaneously used to investigate the intersection of these values with the stimuli offered by the service providers for these customers to co-produce the service. Finally, further investigation is suggested as to why, contrary to common sense, social belonging has not been one of the disclosed personal values.
{"title":"Forgotten customers, inclusive customers: personal values and coproduction of physically disabled persons in leisure consumption","authors":"Nuno Álvares Felizardo, I. R. Troccoli, Patrícia Leite da Silva Scatulino","doi":"10.18089/TMS.2018.14307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18089/TMS.2018.14307","url":null,"abstract":"Physically disabled customers (PDC) in Brazil face numerous obstacles in their social role as consumers, in spite of their significant share in the population. Their low visibility implies that they are not seen as what they really are: potential consumers. Consequently, they cannot either satisfy their wishes or achieve personal values through the acquisition of products and services. This suggests an investigation of the major reasons behind their consumption practices related to personal values. Using the soft laddering technique, this research shows that happiness and freedom are the personal values achieved by PDCs while enjoying beachside recreation activities. Non-participant observation and the priming stimuli typology on the five human senses were simultaneously used to investigate the intersection of these values with the stimuli offered by the service providers for these customers to co-produce the service. Finally, further investigation is suggested as to why, contrary to common sense, social belonging has not been one of the disclosed personal values.","PeriodicalId":43763,"journal":{"name":"Tourism & Management Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47361898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christian Wehner, Jesús Manuel López-Bonilla, Jose Antonio C. Santos
The modern air transport industry is highly competitive. To survive in the market, the implementation of a successful marketing strategy is fundamental. In particular, an effective pricing policy has become crucial for airlines to remain profitable. Correspondingly, the different types of airline in the market have also established very distinct pricing policies. The present study is based on a literature review and presents the state of the art of pricing policy in air transportation. The aim is to compare and discuss the pricing strategies of network carriers and low-cost airlines. Special attention is paid to Revenue Management, which is a very important management tool used by airlines to take advantage of the differences in willingness to pay of passengers. The pricing policy, however, depends on the overall business strategy of the airline. Results show many differences, resulting from the fact that these two types of airline are characterized by very different fundamental business models and, correspondingly, also target groups. Since network carriers and also low-cost airlines have adjusted their pricing strategies lately, these recent developments will be discussed as well. This paper adds to the knowledge of this topic because it presents the most up-to-date and complete study on pricing regarding network carriers vs. low-cost airlines.
{"title":"State of the art of pricing policy in air transportation: network carriers vs. low-cost airlines","authors":"Christian Wehner, Jesús Manuel López-Bonilla, Jose Antonio C. Santos","doi":"10.18089/TMS.2018.14303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18089/TMS.2018.14303","url":null,"abstract":"The modern air transport industry is highly competitive. To survive in the market, the implementation of a successful marketing strategy is fundamental. In particular, an effective pricing policy has become crucial for airlines to remain profitable. Correspondingly, the different types of airline in the market have also established very distinct pricing policies. The present study is based on a literature review and presents the state of the art of pricing policy in air transportation. The aim is to compare and discuss the pricing strategies of network carriers and low-cost airlines. Special attention is paid to Revenue Management, which is a very important management tool used by airlines to take advantage of the differences in willingness to pay of passengers. The pricing policy, however, depends on the overall business strategy of the airline. Results show many differences, resulting from the fact that these two types of airline are characterized by very different fundamental business models and, correspondingly, also target groups. Since network carriers and also low-cost airlines have adjusted their pricing strategies lately, these recent developments will be discussed as well. This paper adds to the knowledge of this topic because it presents the most up-to-date and complete study on pricing regarding network carriers vs. low-cost airlines.","PeriodicalId":43763,"journal":{"name":"Tourism & Management Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44705885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luciana Brandão Ferreira, Marina Lourenção, Janaina de Moura Engracia Giraldi, Jorge Henrique Caldeira de Oliveira
This article aims to verify in the literature related to the Summer Olympics the main economic and image implications for the destination hosting it. A qualitative exploratory research was carried out with the survey of scientific articles of the last twenty- five years in five different databases. The studies found indicate economic and image gains and losses from hosting the games. As positive aspects, most of the studies mention those coming from Olympic spending that provided long-term gains for the resident population in the host locality, and related to tourist activity. The most cited negative aspects are related to investments that generated benefits only in the short term, or lack of investment in infrastructure. It is concluded that the preparation and implementation processes in each country are too different for the results to be uniform. In addition, the diverse methodological aspects in the articles also influence their results.
{"title":"Economic and image impacts of summer Olympic games in tourist destinations: a literature review","authors":"Luciana Brandão Ferreira, Marina Lourenção, Janaina de Moura Engracia Giraldi, Jorge Henrique Caldeira de Oliveira","doi":"10.18089/TMS.2018.14305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18089/TMS.2018.14305","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to verify in the literature related to the Summer Olympics the main economic and image implications for the destination hosting it. A qualitative exploratory research was carried out with the survey of scientific articles of the last twenty- five years in five different databases. The studies found indicate economic and image gains and losses from hosting the games. As positive aspects, most of the studies mention those coming from Olympic spending that provided long-term gains for the resident population in the host locality, and related to tourist activity. The most cited negative aspects are related to investments that generated benefits only in the short term, or lack of investment in infrastructure. It is concluded that the preparation and implementation processes in each country are too different for the results to be uniform. In addition, the diverse methodological aspects in the articles also influence their results.","PeriodicalId":43763,"journal":{"name":"Tourism & Management Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48626862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Añaña, Francisco Antônio dos Anjos, Melise de Lima Pereira
This paper analyzes the composition and internal arrangement of touristic seaside destinations in Brazil, in light of three not-yet tested theories: the Means-End Chain (Gutman, 1982) , the Service Dominant Logic of Marketing (Vargo & Lusch, 2004), and the organizational triad for local development proposed by Vazquez-Barquero (1999). An internet-based survey was distributed and completed by 178 people. The answers concentrated in four (among eight possible) destinations: Balneario Camboriu (31.4%), Rio de Janeiro (28%), Torres (20%) and Natal (8%). The data were first submitted to Confirmatory Factor Analysis to identify and to validate the set of components representing the Tourism Destination Image – TDI. The TDI constituting factors, and variables representing the Personal Values (as ancestors) and the Consumer Behavior (as descendants), were submitted to a Structural Equation Model to evaluate the TDI internal arrangement and inter-construct relationships. Results indicate that values related to self-respect, security and excitement influence the assessment of some TDI components, and that the last four constructs influence the likelihood of individuals to visit or to recommend the destinations.
本文分析了巴西海滨旅游目的地的构成和内部安排，根据三个尚未得到验证的理论:手段-终端链(Gutman, 1982)，营销的服务主导逻辑(Vargo & Lusch, 2004)和巴斯克斯-巴奎罗(1999)提出的地方发展的组织三元组。一份基于互联网的调查由178人完成。答案集中在四个(在8个可能的目的地中):Balneario Camboriu(31.4%)，里约热内卢de Janeiro (28%)， Torres(20%)和Natal(8%)。这些数据首先被提交给验证性因子分析，以确定和验证代表旅游目的地形象的一组成分- TDI。将构成TDI的因素以及代表个人价值观(作为祖先)和消费者行为(作为后代)的变量提交到结构方程模型中，以评估TDI的内部排列和结构间关系。结果表明，自尊、安全和兴奋相关的价值观影响了一些TDI成分的评估，后四个结构影响了个人访问或推荐目的地的可能性。
{"title":"Touristic destination image in light of the service dominant logic of marketing","authors":"E. Añaña, Francisco Antônio dos Anjos, Melise de Lima Pereira","doi":"10.18089/TMS.2018.14301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18089/TMS.2018.14301","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the composition and internal arrangement of touristic seaside destinations in Brazil, in light of three not-yet tested theories: the Means-End Chain (Gutman, 1982) , the Service Dominant Logic of Marketing (Vargo & Lusch, 2004), and the organizational triad for local development proposed by Vazquez-Barquero (1999). An internet-based survey was distributed and completed by 178 people. The answers concentrated in four (among eight possible) destinations: Balneario Camboriu (31.4%), Rio de Janeiro (28%), Torres (20%) and Natal (8%). The data were first submitted to Confirmatory Factor Analysis to identify and to validate the set of components representing the Tourism Destination Image – TDI. The TDI constituting factors, and variables representing the Personal Values (as ancestors) and the Consumer Behavior (as descendants), were submitted to a Structural Equation Model to evaluate the TDI internal arrangement and inter-construct relationships. Results indicate that values related to self-respect, security and excitement influence the assessment of some TDI components, and that the last four constructs influence the likelihood of individuals to visit or to recommend the destinations.","PeriodicalId":43763,"journal":{"name":"Tourism & Management Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44346354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates the use of customer profitability analysis (CPA) in four and five star hotels located in Algarve (Portugal). Traditional accounting systems have been criticized for focusing on product, service or department profitability, and not on customer profitability, thus failing to provide effective information to marketing-related decisions. Results are reported by operating departments, whilst marketing activities focus on customer market segments. Recognizing the growing emphasis on customer value creation, and to overcome the mismatch between the provision and use of information in hotels, CPA techniques have been suggested. Notwithstanding their benefits, namely a strategic focus, hotels still apply traditional techniques. A structured questionnaire collected through personal interviews showed that CPA is far from widespread in hotel management; instead, hotels accumulate costs in profit centers and in cost centers. None of the surveyed hotels had adopted activity based costing, despite this technique being viewed as the most appropriate to calculate individual customer profitability.
{"title":"Analyzing customer profitability in hotels using activity based costing","authors":"Ana Faria, L. Ferreira, D. Trigueiros","doi":"10.18089/TMS.2018.14306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18089/TMS.2018.14306","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the use of customer profitability analysis (CPA) in four and five star hotels located in Algarve (Portugal). Traditional accounting systems have been criticized for focusing on product, service or department profitability, and not on customer profitability, thus failing to provide effective information to marketing-related decisions. Results are reported by operating departments, whilst marketing activities focus on customer market segments. Recognizing the growing emphasis on customer value creation, and to overcome the mismatch between the provision and use of information in hotels, CPA techniques have been suggested. Notwithstanding their benefits, namely a strategic focus, hotels still apply traditional techniques. A structured questionnaire collected through personal interviews showed that CPA is far from widespread in hotel management; instead, hotels accumulate costs in profit centers and in cost centers. None of the surveyed hotels had adopted activity based costing, despite this technique being viewed as the most appropriate to calculate individual customer profitability.","PeriodicalId":43763,"journal":{"name":"Tourism & Management Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41523680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Understanding the movement of visitors contributes to appropriate management plans for visitor destinations. Determination of this movement is composed of not only the identification of the starting and end points together with the sequence of stops but the characterisation of the route pattern as well. The type of this pattern depends on the human apart from outer physical parameters and the available time thus it has a relationship with the behaviour and type of the tourist. Understanding and making use of these are important measures for organisations managing natural areas. Observation of visitors in natural areas is not possible in every environment while reducing the tread of certain popular sites can be made only with the help of such knowledge. This explains that literature describing different patterns analyse inter-destination relationships. In this paper the identification of the movement pattern of hikers in a mountainous study area is presented. Visitor flow analysis of a study area in Hungary (180 km 2 area of Central Borzsony in Duna-Ipoly National Park) was performed on the basis of a questionnaire survey carried out with the help of volunteers. Based on the analysis of the obtained data the accurate description of the movement of both individual hikers and groups became possible. Mathematics based definition of hiking routes completed in mountainous areas is new to the available data in the literature. Patterns of one day routes were classified into 6 types and two types of hiking routes requiring several days were also identified. Different route types were observed at the different entrances of the destination. Such information helps the identification of visitor types at the starting points and the design of appropriate visitor management measures.
{"title":"Determination of tourist flow patterns in a low mountain study area","authors":"Borbála Benkhard","doi":"10.18089/TMS.2018.14302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18089/TMS.2018.14302","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the movement of visitors contributes to appropriate management plans for visitor destinations. Determination of this movement is composed of not only the identification of the starting and end points together with the sequence of stops but the characterisation of the route pattern as well. The type of this pattern depends on the human apart from outer physical parameters and the available time thus it has a relationship with the behaviour and type of the tourist. Understanding and making use of these are important measures for organisations managing natural areas. Observation of visitors in natural areas is not possible in every environment while reducing the tread of certain popular sites can be made only with the help of such knowledge. This explains that literature describing different patterns analyse inter-destination relationships. In this paper the identification of the movement pattern of hikers in a mountainous study area is presented. Visitor flow analysis of a study area in Hungary (180 km 2 area of Central Borzsony in Duna-Ipoly National Park) was performed on the basis of a questionnaire survey carried out with the help of volunteers. Based on the analysis of the obtained data the accurate description of the movement of both individual hikers and groups became possible. Mathematics based definition of hiking routes completed in mountainous areas is new to the available data in the literature. Patterns of one day routes were classified into 6 types and two types of hiking routes requiring several days were also identified. Different route types were observed at the different entrances of the destination. Such information helps the identification of visitor types at the starting points and the design of appropriate visitor management measures.","PeriodicalId":43763,"journal":{"name":"Tourism & Management Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43894510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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