Pub Date : 2019-01-31DOI: 10.18089/TMS.2019.15SI01
Greg Richards
This paper aims to review the development of creativity in tourism, and analyses the potential role of smaller places in creative development. In the past, the role of creativity has been primarily analysed in larger cities. In recent years, more attention has been paid to the creative development of smaller cities and regions. We argue that smaller places should not attempt to emulate big city models of creative development, such as attracting the creative class, but should find their own creative mode based on using their endogenous resources, capacity building and bottom-up creativity. In this way they can avoid the ‘creativity trap’ of following generic creativity models and develop modes of creative tourism more appropriate to their size and capabilities.
{"title":"Creative tourism: opportunities for smaller places?","authors":"Greg Richards","doi":"10.18089/TMS.2019.15SI01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18089/TMS.2019.15SI01","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to review the development of creativity in tourism, and analyses the potential role of smaller places in creative development. In the past, the role of creativity has been primarily analysed in larger cities. In recent years, more attention has been paid to the creative development of smaller cities and regions. We argue that smaller places should not attempt to emulate big city models of creative development, such as attracting the creative class, but should find their own creative mode based on using their endogenous resources, capacity building and bottom-up creativity. In this way they can avoid the ‘creativity trap’ of following generic creativity models and develop modes of creative tourism more appropriate to their size and capabilities.","PeriodicalId":43763,"journal":{"name":"Tourism & Management Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41831647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-31DOI: 10.18089/TMS.2019.150105
D. Zouain, Paola Lohmann, Kaarina Virkki, D. Turco, G. Cardoso
Between 2014 and 2016, the city of Rio de Janeiro hosted two major world sporting mega events - the FIFA World Cup and the Olympics - generating several changes in the city. This study aims to analyze the perception of residents in the city of Rio de Janeiro in the pre-Olympic period. A quantitative survey was conducted face to face with a sample of 404 residents of Rio de Janeiro, exactly one year before the Olympic Games. The data indicate that the period prior to completion of the Games was troubling for residents in view of the doubts and uncertainties regarding the possible legacy. In fact, the population suffers impacts in their routine, either by transit or by various news media that generate expectation and apprehension in the different sectors of society. The pre-Olympic period was marked by demonstrations, concern about overspending, delays of works, a great fear of suspicion about the success of the mega event, much like the pre-Cup period, but especially by a worsening of the political and economic crisis in Brazil and corruption. However, in the perception of the resident, an evident expectation is the legacy to tourism, destination and visibility in lasting improvements for tourism and sport.
{"title":"Pre-Games perceptions of Rio de Janeiro residents towards the 2016 Olympic Games","authors":"D. Zouain, Paola Lohmann, Kaarina Virkki, D. Turco, G. Cardoso","doi":"10.18089/TMS.2019.150105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18089/TMS.2019.150105","url":null,"abstract":"Between 2014 and 2016, the city of Rio de Janeiro hosted two major world sporting mega events - the FIFA World Cup and the Olympics - generating several changes in the city. This study aims to analyze the perception of residents in the city of Rio de Janeiro in the pre-Olympic period. A quantitative survey was conducted face to face with a sample of 404 residents of Rio de Janeiro, exactly one year before the Olympic Games. The data indicate that the period prior to completion of the Games was troubling for residents in view of the doubts and uncertainties regarding the possible legacy. In fact, the population suffers impacts in their routine, either by transit or by various news media that generate expectation and apprehension in the different sectors of society. The pre-Olympic period was marked by demonstrations, concern about overspending, delays of works, a great fear of suspicion about the success of the mega event, much like the pre-Cup period, but especially by a worsening of the political and economic crisis in Brazil and corruption. However, in the perception of the resident, an evident expectation is the legacy to tourism, destination and visibility in lasting improvements for tourism and sport.","PeriodicalId":43763,"journal":{"name":"Tourism & Management Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67678030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.18089/tms.2019.150402
Carlyle Tadeu Falcão de Oliveira, D. Zouain, Luiz Alexandre Valadão Souza, André Luís Faria Duarte
The present article aims to answer whether tourists and experts have different views on factors that impact tourism at a destination. To that end, we used a qualitative approach and adopted the Critical Incident Technique, which allows respondents to express particular needs and expectations. Data were collected through open-ended questions, the answers were recorded, and notes were taken about the interviewees and relevant parts of their narrative. Data were submitted for content analysis and examined in light of the Brazilian competitiveness model. We considered 77 interviews and classified 209 critical incidents. Results showed that half of the critical incidents did not fit into the analysis categories proposed in the Brazilian competitiveness model, with nine “new categories” emerging in the process. Therefore, there is a difference of perspective between the visitor and the expert concerning what is more important about tourism at a destination.
{"title":"Competitiveness of tourist destinations: demand and performance factors","authors":"Carlyle Tadeu Falcão de Oliveira, D. Zouain, Luiz Alexandre Valadão Souza, André Luís Faria Duarte","doi":"10.18089/tms.2019.150402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18089/tms.2019.150402","url":null,"abstract":"The present article aims to answer whether tourists and experts have different views on factors that impact tourism at a destination. To that end, we used a qualitative approach and adopted the Critical Incident Technique, which allows respondents to express particular needs and expectations. Data were collected through open-ended questions, the answers were recorded, and notes were taken about the interviewees and relevant parts of their narrative. Data were submitted for content analysis and examined in light of the Brazilian competitiveness model. We considered 77 interviews and classified 209 critical incidents. Results showed that half of the critical incidents did not fit into the analysis categories proposed in the Brazilian competitiveness model, with nine “new categories” emerging in the process. Therefore, there is a difference of perspective between the visitor and the expert concerning what is more important about tourism at a destination.","PeriodicalId":43763,"journal":{"name":"Tourism & Management Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67678266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.18089/tms.2019.150204
Daniela Cristina Machado Tameirão, S. Nunes
This article deals, in a comparative manner from a gender perspective, with the occurrence of work-family conflicts and its antecedents, in the medical career of Brazilian professionals. The results indicate that the greater the stressors are presented at work or within the family, the greater the conflict tends to be, and the greater the social support in these two spheres, the lesser the conflict tends to be. Stressors related to work have shown themselves to be more significant than those related to the family, while social support at work is what succeeds in diminishing the effects of stressors in both spheres. Even though women have larger degrees of stress at work on average and less social support, there were no significant differences in terms of conflicts. This study contributes to a reflection on actions related to minimizing conflicts and promoting gender equality as well as the well-being of workers.
{"title":"The feminization of the medical career in Brazil and work-family conflicts","authors":"Daniela Cristina Machado Tameirão, S. Nunes","doi":"10.18089/tms.2019.150204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18089/tms.2019.150204","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals, in a comparative manner from a gender perspective, with the occurrence of work-family conflicts and its antecedents, in the medical career of Brazilian professionals. The results indicate that the greater the stressors are presented at work or within the family, the greater the conflict tends to be, and the greater the social support in these two spheres, the lesser the conflict tends to be. Stressors related to work have shown themselves to be more significant than those related to the family, while social support at work is what succeeds in diminishing the effects of stressors in both spheres. Even though women have larger degrees of stress at work on average and less social support, there were no significant differences in terms of conflicts. This study contributes to a reflection on actions related to minimizing conflicts and promoting gender equality as well as the well-being of workers.","PeriodicalId":43763,"journal":{"name":"Tourism & Management Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67678149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.18089/tms.2019.150202
G. Gemar, Ismael P. Soler, Henar Villar
In the tourist sector, visiting tourists’ intention has been the subject of numerous investigations for decades. However, the determining factors of the choice of tourist destination have not been clearly defined. The culture of the country of origin has been recognised as a key element in discerning the varied behaviours that people display. In this study, the capacity of the cultural distance between the considered countries of origin and Spain, according to the model proposed by Hofstede, is evaluated to influence the intention of visiting Spain in the next years, measured as a function of the theory of planned behaviour. The results obtained allow identification of the relevant issues affecting potential tourists’ intention of visiting. Analysis of the validity and reliability of the data used yields satisfactory solutions that enable the establishment of conclusions about behavioural intentions that are very different depending on the cultural distance level of the tourist. The ability of the Hofstede model to explain the intention to visit Spain is, therefore confirmed.
{"title":"Analysis of the influence of cultural distance on the intention to visit Spain as a tourist destination","authors":"G. Gemar, Ismael P. Soler, Henar Villar","doi":"10.18089/tms.2019.150202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18089/tms.2019.150202","url":null,"abstract":"In the tourist sector, visiting tourists’ intention has been the subject of numerous investigations for decades. However, the determining factors of the choice of tourist destination have not been clearly defined. The culture of the country of origin has been recognised as a key element in discerning the varied behaviours that people display. In this study, the capacity of the cultural distance between the considered countries of origin and Spain, according to the model proposed by Hofstede, is evaluated to influence the intention of visiting Spain in the next years, measured as a function of the theory of planned behaviour. The results obtained allow identification of the relevant issues affecting potential tourists’ intention of visiting. Analysis of the validity and reliability of the data used yields satisfactory solutions that enable the establishment of conclusions about behavioural intentions that are very different depending on the cultural distance level of the tourist. The ability of the Hofstede model to explain the intention to visit Spain is, therefore confirmed.","PeriodicalId":43763,"journal":{"name":"Tourism & Management Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67678046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.18089/tms.2019.150203
C. Parolin, Ricardo Boeing
The postmodern society is characterized by consumers’ hedonistic behavior and values consumption of experiences as a form of differentiation and social elevation. This study aims to understand consumers’ online manifestations of experiences related to boutique hotels and motivations for engaging in electronic word-of-mouth. It is related to studies on experiential consumption and understanding of postmodern individuals. It adopts netnography as a basis for collecting data and analyzing post-consumption behavior in boutique hotels. This study conducted participant observation of online manifestations of boutique hotels’ consumers. Moreover, computermediated speech analysis, image analysis of virtually extracted data, and discourse analysis of interviews with users identified from previous interactions and online postings were conducted. This research presents a different perspective from Pine and Gilmore’s approach by utilizing the experience economy, postmodern consumer analysis, and boutique hotel concepts. It was observed that exclusivity and privacy are central elements determ ining consumers’ choice and definition of boutique hotels. However, online manifestations result in exhibitionist and paradoxical behavior.
{"title":"Consumption of experiences in boutique hotels in the context of e-WOM","authors":"C. Parolin, Ricardo Boeing","doi":"10.18089/tms.2019.150203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18089/tms.2019.150203","url":null,"abstract":"The postmodern society is characterized by consumers’ hedonistic behavior and values consumption of experiences as a form of differentiation and social elevation. This study aims to understand consumers’ online manifestations of experiences related to boutique hotels and motivations for engaging in electronic word-of-mouth. It is related to studies on experiential consumption and understanding of postmodern individuals. It adopts netnography as a basis for collecting data and analyzing post-consumption behavior in boutique hotels. This study conducted participant observation of online manifestations of boutique hotels’ consumers. Moreover, computermediated speech analysis, image analysis of virtually extracted data, and discourse analysis of interviews with users identified from previous interactions and online postings were conducted. This research presents a different perspective from Pine and Gilmore’s approach by utilizing the experience economy, postmodern consumer analysis, and boutique hotel concepts. It was observed that exclusivity and privacy are central elements determ ining consumers’ choice and definition of boutique hotels. However, online manifestations result in exhibitionist and paradoxical behavior.","PeriodicalId":43763,"journal":{"name":"Tourism & Management Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67678096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liana Holanda Nepomuceno Nobre, Álvaro Fabiano Pereira de Macêdo, Simone Gurgel de Brito, Valdemar Siqueira Filho
In the brand management field, studies on brand experience—considering cognitive and behavioral dimensions—analyze consumer relations with brands. The current paper analyzes consumer brand experiences aiming at identifying whether the consumption of technological brands was different than that of non-technological brands. A quantitative analysis was conducted, and data was analyzed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Variance Analysis (ANOVA). Four dimensions of brand experience were tested: sensorial, affective, behavioral, and intellectual. Ten selected brands were analyzed, among technological and non-technological ones. The population for this study was composed of 230 university students from the business area of a Brazilian university. Results indicate that consumers perceive a difference in their experience with technological and non-technological brands, which is primarily based on the performance of the sensorial dimensions, regarding feelings, and that of intellectual ones, regarding cognitive capacity, creativity, and problem-solving performance, which are stronger in the experience with technological brands.
{"title":"Sense and sensibility: consumers and technological brand experience","authors":"Liana Holanda Nepomuceno Nobre, Álvaro Fabiano Pereira de Macêdo, Simone Gurgel de Brito, Valdemar Siqueira Filho","doi":"10.18089/TMS.2018.14406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18089/TMS.2018.14406","url":null,"abstract":"In the brand management field, studies on brand experience—considering cognitive and behavioral dimensions—analyze consumer relations with brands. The current paper analyzes consumer brand experiences aiming at identifying whether the consumption of technological brands was different than that of non-technological brands. A quantitative analysis was conducted, and data was analyzed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Variance Analysis (ANOVA). Four dimensions of brand experience were tested: sensorial, affective, behavioral, and intellectual. Ten selected brands were analyzed, among technological and non-technological ones. The population for this study was composed of 230 university students from the business area of a Brazilian university. Results indicate that consumers perceive a difference in their experience with technological and non-technological brands, which is primarily based on the performance of the sensorial dimensions, regarding feelings, and that of intellectual ones, regarding cognitive capacity, creativity, and problem-solving performance, which are stronger in the experience with technological brands.","PeriodicalId":43763,"journal":{"name":"Tourism & Management Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46433895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kely César Martins de Paiva, T. Torres, Jefferson Rodrigues Pereira, Victor Natanael Schwetter Silveira
This study aimed to analyse how burnout variables and retaliatory attitudes are relateb in young workers. A descriptive case study was conducted with a quantitative approach, focusing on young people in two Brazilian capitals (Curitiba/PR and Porto Alegre/RS). A three-part questionnaire was applied and the sample contained 526 valid answers. For the analysis of the data, exploratory factorial analysis and structural equation modelling were conducted. Emotional exhaustion is related to the feeling of indignation at perceived injustices and the perception of justice. Low personal accomplishment is negatively related to the judgment of retaliation. This article contributed to the literature, as there are still not many articles that link the two constructs. In addition, organizations can use the results to better deal with younger workers and their peculiarities regarding burnout and retaliatory attitudes, improving the quality of life at work for their workers in general, and young people in particular.
{"title":"Burnout and Retaliatory Attitudes: A Study with Young Brazilian Workers","authors":"Kely César Martins de Paiva, T. Torres, Jefferson Rodrigues Pereira, Victor Natanael Schwetter Silveira","doi":"10.18089/TMS.2018.14407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18089/TMS.2018.14407","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to analyse how burnout variables and retaliatory attitudes are relateb in young workers. A descriptive case study was conducted with a quantitative approach, focusing on young people in two Brazilian capitals (Curitiba/PR and Porto Alegre/RS). A three-part questionnaire was applied and the sample contained 526 valid answers. For the analysis of the data, exploratory factorial analysis and structural equation modelling were conducted. Emotional exhaustion is related to the feeling of indignation at perceived injustices and the perception of justice. Low personal accomplishment is negatively related to the judgment of retaliation. This article contributed to the literature, as there are still not many articles that link the two constructs. In addition, organizations can use the results to better deal with younger workers and their peculiarities regarding burnout and retaliatory attitudes, improving the quality of life at work for their workers in general, and young people in particular.","PeriodicalId":43763,"journal":{"name":"Tourism & Management Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46818344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An experience can be defined as the triggered stimulations to the senses, the heart, and the mind. Senses play a central role in our perception of the surrounding world and the experience process. Therefore, the study of sensory dimension of tourist experiences is recently pointed out as pivotal to management in the tourism industry. In particular, recent studies show that there is not a dominant sense but a successful tourism destination should attract tourists by more stimuli and provide for all the senses. In this paper, we present an innovative way to see the experience process and, according to this one, we propose an original model, based on multisensory criteria, for the evaluation and design of the touristic experience. We also show an application to this one: an example of how this model has allowed us to define authentic experiences in project youtooscany.com, focused on the territory of Fiesole and Florence (Italy). This work was written on the basis of what was presented and elaborated after the participation in 1st International Conference on Experiential Tourism, held on 9-11 October 2015 in Santorini (Greece).
{"title":"A senses-based model for experiential tourism","authors":"L. Meacci, G. Liberatore","doi":"10.18089/TMS.2018.14401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18089/TMS.2018.14401","url":null,"abstract":"An experience can be defined as the triggered stimulations to the senses, the heart, and the mind. Senses play a central role in our perception of the surrounding world and the experience process. Therefore, the study of sensory dimension of tourist experiences is recently pointed out as pivotal to management in the tourism industry. In particular, recent studies show that there is not a dominant sense but a successful tourism destination should attract tourists by more stimuli and provide for all the senses. In this paper, we present an innovative way to see the experience process and, according to this one, we propose an original model, based on multisensory criteria, for the evaluation and design of the touristic experience. We also show an application to this one: an example of how this model has allowed us to define authentic experiences in project youtooscany.com, focused on the territory of Fiesole and Florence (Italy). This work was written on the basis of what was presented and elaborated after the participation in 1st International Conference on Experiential Tourism, held on 9-11 October 2015 in Santorini (Greece).","PeriodicalId":43763,"journal":{"name":"Tourism & Management Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48905389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study sought to develop and test a scale to assess memorable tourism experiences (MTEs). The proposed instrument initially contained 49 tested items organised into 12 dimensions: environment, culture, relationships with companions, relationships with tourists, relationships with local agents (i.e. residents and service providers), novelty, emotions, dream, meaningfulness, refreshment, hedonism and involvement. The data were collected via a survey of 1,193 Brazilians with regular travel habits, aged 18 years or older. The data were analysed quantitatively using structural equation modelling. Statistical tests included exploratory factor analysis followed by confirmatory factor analysis. The results indicate that the scale is reliable and valid for research on MTEs, at least for the sample in question, and confirm the MTE construct’s multidimensionality, although the hedonism and involvement dimensions were shown to be unsuitable. Thus, the validity of the proposed MTE scale consisting of 35 items was confirmed, as were 10 dimensions of the second-order construct.
{"title":"Memorable Tourism Experience (MTE): a scale proposal and test","authors":"M. D. F. Coelho, M. Gosling","doi":"10.18089/TMS.2018.14402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18089/TMS.2018.14402","url":null,"abstract":"This study sought to develop and test a scale to assess memorable tourism experiences (MTEs). The proposed instrument initially contained 49 tested items organised into 12 dimensions: environment, culture, relationships with companions, relationships with tourists, relationships with local agents (i.e. residents and service providers), novelty, emotions, dream, meaningfulness, refreshment, hedonism and involvement. The data were collected via a survey of 1,193 Brazilians with regular travel habits, aged 18 years or older. The data were analysed quantitatively using structural equation modelling. Statistical tests included exploratory factor analysis followed by confirmatory factor analysis. The results indicate that the scale is reliable and valid for research on MTEs, at least for the sample in question, and confirm the MTE construct’s multidimensionality, although the hedonism and involvement dimensions were shown to be unsuitable. Thus, the validity of the proposed MTE scale consisting of 35 items was confirmed, as were 10 dimensions of the second-order construct.","PeriodicalId":43763,"journal":{"name":"Tourism & Management Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47860070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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