Pub Date : 2017-08-30DOI: 10.1590/0101-41614735EDA
Eduardo Angeli
O objetivo do artigo e contribuir com o estudo da abordagem institucional de Hayek ao expor uma classificacao de alguns dos conceitos institucionais hayekianos. Para se alcancar tal intento, e argumentado que o estudo de Hayek sobre temas institucionais pode ser visto como uma consequencia da preocupacao do austriaco em explorar o problema do conhecimento e de coordenacao existente na sociedade, bem como um elemento a enriquecer sua critica ao racionalismo construtivista – com isso, e feito com que o institucionalismo hayekiano se encaixe na trajetoria de pesquisa do autor. A seguir, passa-se a uma analise de conceitos institucionais hayekianos, explicando de modo sumario o que o austriaco entendia por ordem, lei, legislacao e regras, e propondo uma divisao deste ultimo conceito em regras de conduta, regras de conhecimento tacito, e regras mentais.
{"title":"Uma análise sobre a abordagem institucional de Hayek e alguns de seus conceitos","authors":"Eduardo Angeli","doi":"10.1590/0101-41614735EDA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-41614735EDA","url":null,"abstract":"O objetivo do artigo e contribuir com o estudo da abordagem institucional de Hayek ao expor uma classificacao de alguns dos conceitos institucionais hayekianos. Para se alcancar tal intento, e argumentado que o estudo de Hayek sobre temas institucionais pode ser visto como uma consequencia da preocupacao do austriaco em explorar o problema do conhecimento e de coordenacao existente na sociedade, bem como um elemento a enriquecer sua critica ao racionalismo construtivista – com isso, e feito com que o institucionalismo hayekiano se encaixe na trajetoria de pesquisa do autor. A seguir, passa-se a uma analise de conceitos institucionais hayekianos, explicando de modo sumario o que o austriaco entendia por ordem, lei, legislacao e regras, e propondo uma divisao deste ultimo conceito em regras de conduta, regras de conhecimento tacito, e regras mentais.","PeriodicalId":43766,"journal":{"name":"Estudios De Economia","volume":"52 1","pages":"559-586"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89814558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-30DOI: 10.1590/0101-41614732FCV
Felippe Clemente, Viviani Silva Lírio
We propose to parameterize Graetz, Reinganun and Wilde’s seminal model (1986) for two countries groups: G1 with low tax evasion and G2 with high tax evasion. Based on data from 16 countries, we find a strong correlation between tax burden, inspecting cost and countries’ tax evasion. Fine seems to have lack of effectiveness in mitigation of evasion. Our results have implications for both research and practice. This is the first study to parametrize Graetz, Reinganun and Wilde’s model as an explanator of international tax evasion diversity and serves as the starting point for the development of an international tax compliance framework. Thus, policies that review the countries’ tax structure and modernize regulatory agencies to reduce their costs may have positive effects on tax evasion.
{"title":"Evidências internacionais de sonegação fiscal: uma análise do modelo de Graetz. Reinganun e Wilde","authors":"Felippe Clemente, Viviani Silva Lírio","doi":"10.1590/0101-41614732FCV","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-41614732FCV","url":null,"abstract":"We propose to parameterize Graetz, Reinganun and Wilde’s seminal model (1986) for two countries groups: G1 with low tax evasion and G2 with high tax evasion. Based on data from 16 countries, we find a strong correlation between tax burden, inspecting cost and countries’ tax evasion. Fine seems to have lack of effectiveness in mitigation of evasion. Our results have implications for both research and practice. This is the first study to parametrize Graetz, Reinganun and Wilde’s model as an explanator of international tax evasion diversity and serves as the starting point for the development of an international tax compliance framework. Thus, policies that review the countries’ tax structure and modernize regulatory agencies to reduce their costs may have positive effects on tax evasion.","PeriodicalId":43766,"journal":{"name":"Estudios De Economia","volume":"18 1","pages":"487-507"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73893680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-30DOI: 10.1590/0101-41614734LNR
Leilyanne Viana Nogueira, R. Ferreira
O principal objetivo deste estudo e estimar os efeitos do comercio e do investimento direto estrangeiro (IDE) sobre o investimento domestico e testar se esses efeitos dependem do nivel de renda e do desenvolvimento financeiro dos paises. Para isso, o presente estudo modifica o modelo de painel dinâmico com efeito limiar de Kremer, Bick e Nautz (2013) - permitindo um numero maior de regressores endogenos - e utiliza uma base de dados composta por 95 paises no periodo de 1985 a 2013. Os resultados sugerem que o comercio afeta positivamente o investimento domestico. Por outro lado, o efeito do IDE sobre o investimento domestico e negativo em ambos os regimes de renda e nos paises de baixo desenvolvimento financeiro.
{"title":"Os impactos da abertura comercial e do investimento direto sobre o investimento doméstico","authors":"Leilyanne Viana Nogueira, R. Ferreira","doi":"10.1590/0101-41614734LNR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-41614734LNR","url":null,"abstract":"O principal objetivo deste estudo e estimar os efeitos do comercio e do investimento direto estrangeiro (IDE) sobre o investimento domestico e testar se esses efeitos dependem do nivel de renda e do desenvolvimento financeiro dos paises. Para isso, o presente estudo modifica o modelo de painel dinâmico com efeito limiar de Kremer, Bick e Nautz (2013) - permitindo um numero maior de regressores endogenos - e utiliza uma base de dados composta por 95 paises no periodo de 1985 a 2013. Os resultados sugerem que o comercio afeta positivamente o investimento domestico. Por outro lado, o efeito do IDE sobre o investimento domestico e negativo em ambos os regimes de renda e nos paises de baixo desenvolvimento financeiro.","PeriodicalId":43766,"journal":{"name":"Estudios De Economia","volume":"12 1","pages":"531-557"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81299844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-30DOI: 10.1590/0101-41614731HAJ
Helberte João França Almeida, Jaylson Jair da Silveira
We propose a discrete (ternary) choice model to study the frequency distribution of inflation predictors. In every reappraisal period of the foresight strategies, each agent chooses only one among three predictors (naive, adaptive and VAR) to forecast the monthly inflation rate. Thepredictor selection process is modeled as a discrete choice dynamics based on two attributes, namely, accuracy less the average cost predictor (private attributes) and dispersion in cognitive abilities. The calibrated agent-based computational model shows that heterogeneity in inflation expectations is persistent, that is, less accurate predictors coexist with the most accuratepredictor due to the dispersion in cognitive abilities of agents.
{"title":"Formação de expectativas de inflação em um ambiente de racionalidade limitada: uma abordagem de escolha discreta","authors":"Helberte João França Almeida, Jaylson Jair da Silveira","doi":"10.1590/0101-41614731HAJ","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-41614731HAJ","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a discrete (ternary) choice model to study the frequency distribution of inflation predictors. In every reappraisal period of the foresight strategies, each agent chooses only one among three predictors (naive, adaptive and VAR) to forecast the monthly inflation rate. Thepredictor selection process is modeled as a discrete choice dynamics based on two attributes, namely, accuracy less the average cost predictor (private attributes) and dispersion in cognitive abilities. The calibrated agent-based computational model shows that heterogeneity in inflation expectations is persistent, that is, less accurate predictors coexist with the most accuratepredictor due to the dispersion in cognitive abilities of agents.","PeriodicalId":43766,"journal":{"name":"Estudios De Economia","volume":"44 1","pages":"465-486"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76552362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-30DOI: 10.1590/0101-41614736HEG
G. Stein, Eduardo Zylberstajn, H. Zylberstajn
Esse artigo compara os salarios da mao de obra terceirizada no Brasil com os dos trabalhadores contratados diretamente pelas empresas. A comparacao simples entre as remuneracoes medias dos dois grupos indica que os salarios dos terceirizados sao 17% inferiores, mas quando o diferencial e controlado pelo efeito fixo do trabalhador, a diferenca cai para 3%. Alem disso, as evidencias apontam para uma grande heterogeneidade no diferencial salarial. Trabalhadores de ocupacoes de baixa qualificacao tem remuneracao ate 12% inferior quando estao terceirizados. Por outro lado, as ocupacoes de alta qualificacao oferecem salarios estatisticamente iguais ou ate mesmo maiores, em media, para os terceirizados. As evidencias indicam ainda que o diferencial desfavoravel ao terceirizado se reduziu entre 2007 e 2012. Os resultados obtidos podem ser interpretados como consequencia da conjuncao de fatores de mercado (oferta de mao de obra terceirizada vis-a-vis a demanda) e fatores institucionais.
{"title":"Diferencial de salários da mão de obra terceirizada no Brasil","authors":"G. Stein, Eduardo Zylberstajn, H. Zylberstajn","doi":"10.1590/0101-41614736HEG","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-41614736HEG","url":null,"abstract":"Esse artigo compara os salarios da mao de obra terceirizada no Brasil com os dos trabalhadores contratados diretamente pelas empresas. A comparacao simples entre as remuneracoes medias dos dois grupos indica que os salarios dos terceirizados sao 17% inferiores, mas quando o diferencial e controlado pelo efeito fixo do trabalhador, a diferenca cai para 3%. Alem disso, as evidencias apontam para uma grande heterogeneidade no diferencial salarial. Trabalhadores de ocupacoes de baixa qualificacao tem remuneracao ate 12% inferior quando estao terceirizados. Por outro lado, as ocupacoes de alta qualificacao oferecem salarios estatisticamente iguais ou ate mesmo maiores, em media, para os terceirizados. As evidencias indicam ainda que o diferencial desfavoravel ao terceirizado se reduziu entre 2007 e 2012. Os resultados obtidos podem ser interpretados como consequencia da conjuncao de fatores de mercado (oferta de mao de obra terceirizada vis-a-vis a demanda) e fatores institucionais.","PeriodicalId":43766,"journal":{"name":"Estudios De Economia","volume":"66 1","pages":"587-612"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90172976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper shows that an affine model allows to equalize or improve the forecasts of the term structure of interest rates in Mexico. The forecasting model is a linear relationship between interest rates and three observable factors, using maturities 1-60 months. Affine model predictions are compared with those of forward rates, AR(1), VAR(1), and random walks. Affine model has a performance comparable to other models for horizons of 12- and 18-months, except for the random walk, which presents smaller forecast for maturities of 24- and 36- months. However, improving its forecasting performance for the 24- month horizon, and especially for 60-month maturities.
{"title":"Pronósticos de la estructura temporal de las tasas de interés en México con base en un modelo afín","authors":"Rocío Elizondo","doi":"10.24201/ee.v32i2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24201/ee.v32i2.7","url":null,"abstract":"This paper shows that an affine model allows to equalize or improve the forecasts of the term structure of interest rates in Mexico. The forecasting model is a linear relationship between interest rates and three observable factors, using maturities 1-60 months. Affine model predictions are compared with those of forward rates, AR(1), VAR(1), and random walks. Affine model has a performance comparable to other models for horizons of 12- and 18-months, except for the random walk, which presents smaller forecast for maturities of 24- and 36- months. However, improving its forecasting performance for the 24- month horizon, and especially for 60-month maturities.","PeriodicalId":43766,"journal":{"name":"Estudios De Economia","volume":"5 5","pages":"213-253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72590922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper analyzes the most important variables used to allocate general transfers to subnational governments based on the Mexican National System of Fiscal Coordination. The paper illustrates some con- sequences of using this information in interstate revenue shares and provides some insights to discuss on strengthening fiscal coordination in Mexico.
{"title":"Errores estadísticos en la Ley de coordinación fiscal de México: una nota","authors":"Fernando K. Arechederra Mustre, A. Zúñiga","doi":"10.24201/EE.V32I2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24201/EE.V32I2.10","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the most important variables used to allocate general transfers to subnational governments based on the Mexican National System of Fiscal Coordination. The paper illustrates some con- sequences of using this information in interstate revenue shares and provides some insights to discuss on strengthening fiscal coordination in Mexico.","PeriodicalId":43766,"journal":{"name":"Estudios De Economia","volume":"301 1","pages":"317-345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79727904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on the methodology proposed by Alkire and Foster, the objective of this paper is to estimate a multidimensional poverty index for children in Uruguay between 2006 and 2014. This allows the analysis of the reactions of non-monetary dimensions of wellbeing, in the context of an important increase of household income. The main results show a smaller reduction of the index compared to the monetary poverty, and stagnation in the last two years. This trend is largely explained by the dimensions of comfort and education.
{"title":"Un análisis de la evolución de la pobreza multidimensional en la infancia y adolescencia en Uruguay entre 2006 y 2014","authors":"Maira Colacce, Victoria Tenenbaum","doi":"10.24201/ee.v32i2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24201/ee.v32i2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the methodology proposed by Alkire and Foster, the objective of this paper is to estimate a multidimensional poverty index for children in Uruguay between 2006 and 2014. This allows the analysis of the reactions of non-monetary dimensions of wellbeing, in the context of an important increase of household income. The main results show a smaller reduction of the index compared to the monetary poverty, and stagnation in the last two years. This trend is largely explained by the dimensions of comfort and education.","PeriodicalId":43766,"journal":{"name":"Estudios De Economia","volume":"21 1","pages":"171-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85963244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-30DOI: 10.1590/0101-416147263AGF
Alcides Goularti Filho
The purpose of this article is to describe and analyze the trajectory of expansion of postal services in Santa Catarina through the opening of agency and postal lines in the integration and formation of the state of Santa Catarina in the nineteenth century. Besides the introduction and closing remarks, the text is divided into three topics: a) a transport funding analysis and communication through arising from the Treasury resources and the generation of constant deficits; b) a brief debate on the formation of this state territory of the nineteenth century; and c) the trajectory of the opening of agencies and line cards as a constitutive element of the state of Santa Catarina.
{"title":"Agências e linhas dos correios na integração do território catarinense no século XIX","authors":"Alcides Goularti Filho","doi":"10.1590/0101-416147263AGF","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-416147263AGF","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to describe and analyze the trajectory of expansion of postal services in Santa Catarina through the opening of agency and postal lines in the integration and formation of the state of Santa Catarina in the nineteenth century. Besides the introduction and closing remarks, the text is divided into three topics: a) a transport funding analysis and communication through arising from the Treasury resources and the generation of constant deficits; b) a brief debate on the formation of this state territory of the nineteenth century; and c) the trajectory of the opening of agencies and line cards as a constitutive element of the state of Santa Catarina.","PeriodicalId":43766,"journal":{"name":"Estudios De Economia","volume":"133 1","pages":"395-428"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74000557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-30DOI: 10.1590/0101-416147232AECF
A. D. C. F. Filho
This paper derives new measures of monetary policy shocks for Brazil. First, one set of shocks is built inspired on the Romer and Romer (2004) methodology, using official and private forecasts. Central Bank staff forecasts were collected from the technical presentations of monetary policy meetings, released after the introduction of the Access of Information Law, while private forecasts come from the Focus survey. Second, a yield curve factor shock is constructed for the Brazilian case, based on the Barakchian and Crowe (2013) methodology. Equipped with the shocks measures, we feed them on VARs (Vector Autoregressions) and analyze the effects on inflation and output. A standardized monetary policy shock is found to reduce real GDP in up to 0.5%. In all but the yield curve shock case, it is found evidence of a price puzzle in the estimated models.
本文对巴西的货币政策冲击提出了新的衡量标准。首先，一组冲击是在罗默和罗默(2004)方法的启发下建立起来的，使用了官方和私人预测。央行工作人员的预测来自《信息公开法》(Access of Information Law)出台后发布的货币政策会议技术简报，而民间预测来自Focus的调查。其次，基于Barakchian和Crowe(2013)的方法，为巴西的情况构建了收益率曲线因子冲击。配备了冲击措施，我们给它们输入var(向量自回归)，并分析对通货膨胀和产出的影响。标准化的货币政策冲击会使实际GDP减少0.5%。在除收益率曲线冲击案例外的所有案例中，都发现了在估计模型中存在价格谜题的证据。
{"title":"Monetary policy in Brazil: Evidence from new measures of monetary shocks","authors":"A. D. C. F. Filho","doi":"10.1590/0101-416147232AECF","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-416147232AECF","url":null,"abstract":"This paper derives new measures of monetary policy shocks for Brazil. First, one set of shocks is built inspired on the Romer and Romer (2004) methodology, using official and private forecasts. Central Bank staff forecasts were collected from the technical presentations of monetary policy meetings, released after the introduction of the Access of Information Law, while private forecasts come from the Focus survey. Second, a yield curve factor shock is constructed for the Brazilian case, based on the Barakchian and Crowe (2013) methodology. Equipped with the shocks measures, we feed them on VARs (Vector Autoregressions) and analyze the effects on inflation and output. A standardized monetary policy shock is found to reduce real GDP in up to 0.5%. In all but the yield curve shock case, it is found evidence of a price puzzle in the estimated models.","PeriodicalId":43766,"journal":{"name":"Estudios De Economia","volume":"44 1","pages":"295-328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73665980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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