Using a production function that does not impose separability and/or substitution restrictions among the productive factors (translog func- tion), in this paper we estimate the demand of inputs of the maquiladora industry. We use data than combine annual time series (1990–2006) with cross section of nine economic sectors. We find that the own price elasticity of the demand of labor is in average slightly above one in absolute value (-1.03); that the demand of materials is below one in absolute value (-0.506); and that the own–price elasticity of capital is above one in absolute value (-2.21).
{"title":"LAS DEMANDAS DE FACTORES PRODUCTIVOS EN LA INDUSTRIA MAQUILADORA","authors":"Jorge Ibarra Salazar, F. Pérez","doi":"10.24201/EE.V31I2.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24201/EE.V31I2.18","url":null,"abstract":"Using a production function that does not impose separability and/or substitution restrictions among the productive factors (translog func- tion), in this paper we estimate the demand of inputs of the maquiladora industry. We use data than combine annual time series (1990–2006) with cross section of nine economic sectors. We find that the own price elasticity of the demand of labor is in average slightly above one in absolute value (-1.03); that the demand of materials is below one in absolute value (-0.506); and that the own–price elasticity of capital is above one in absolute value (-2.21).","PeriodicalId":43766,"journal":{"name":"Estudios De Economia","volume":"31 1","pages":"265-303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77042616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper tries to understand the relationship between internationalization and the generation of new products and processes in a developing country, using data from 2285 Mexican manufacturing firms and for the 2008-2009 period. Through an econometric analysis, this paper contributes to the literature and concludes that, after controlling for the size of the firm, its innovative effort and the concentration of the market power in the industry, being an exporter promotes the generation of new processes and of innovations for the world; FDI also promotes innovation for the world; being an importer does not affect the innovative outcomes of the firm, while outsourcing inhibits the generation of both new products and processes, and the innovation for the world.
{"title":"INTERNACIONALIZACIÓN Y CREACIÓN DE NUEVOS PRODUCTOS Y PROCESOS EN LA INDUSTRIA MANUFACTURERA MEXICANA","authors":"Liliana Meza González","doi":"10.24201/EE.V31I2.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24201/EE.V31I2.17","url":null,"abstract":"This paper tries to understand the relationship between internationalization and the generation of new products and processes in a developing country, using data from 2285 Mexican manufacturing firms and for the 2008-2009 period. Through an econometric analysis, this paper contributes to the literature and concludes that, after controlling for the size of the firm, its innovative effort and the concentration of the market power in the industry, being an exporter promotes the generation of new processes and of innovations for the world; FDI also promotes innovation for the world; being an importer does not affect the innovative outcomes of the firm, while outsourcing inhibits the generation of both new products and processes, and the innovation for the world.","PeriodicalId":43766,"journal":{"name":"Estudios De Economia","volume":"37 1","pages":"235-263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87518792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-24DOI: 10.4067/S0718-52862016000100001
P. Gálvez, Petr Mariel, David Hoyos
El presente articulo analiza la demanda residencial espanola en los bienes que forman parte de los servicios basicos del hogar (electricidad, gas natural y agua potable) en 2012. El analisis se realiza utilizando un modelo QUAIDS adaptado para tratar la censura en el consumo de gas natural segun el enfoque de Tauchmann (2010), uno de los ultimos avances en esta materia. Los resultados muestran que la demanda de electricidad y agua potable es menos sensible a las variaciones de sus precios e ingreso residencial que la demanda de gas natural.
{"title":"Análisis de la demanda residencial de los servicios básicos en España usando un modelo QUAIDS censurado","authors":"P. Gálvez, Petr Mariel, David Hoyos","doi":"10.4067/S0718-52862016000100001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-52862016000100001","url":null,"abstract":"El presente articulo analiza la demanda residencial espanola en los bienes que forman parte de los servicios basicos del hogar (electricidad, gas natural y agua potable) en 2012. El analisis se realiza utilizando un modelo QUAIDS adaptado para tratar la censura en el consumo de gas natural segun el enfoque de Tauchmann (2010), uno de los ultimos avances en esta materia. Los resultados muestran que la demanda de electricidad y agua potable es menos sensible a las variaciones de sus precios e ingreso residencial que la demanda de gas natural.","PeriodicalId":43766,"journal":{"name":"Estudios De Economia","volume":"4 1","pages":"5-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90599897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-24DOI: 10.4067/S0718-52862016000100005
Luis Chávez-Bedoya
En el presente articulo se desarrolla una metodologia en tiempo discreto para comparar esquemas de cobro de comisiones por saldo y flujo (sueldo) en la fase de acumulacion de un fondo de pensiones bajo capitalizacion individual. Asimismo, mediante distintos metodos se estudia el efecto de incluir el riesgo y la densidad de cotizacion en el desempeno e idoneidad de los tipos de comision antes mencionados. Finalmente, se realiza una aplicacion practica de la metodologia en el Sistema Privado de Pensiones del Peru.
{"title":"Metodología para comparar comisiones por flujo y saldo en fondos de pensiones","authors":"Luis Chávez-Bedoya","doi":"10.4067/S0718-52862016000100005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-52862016000100005","url":null,"abstract":"En el presente articulo se desarrolla una metodologia en tiempo discreto para comparar esquemas de cobro de comisiones por saldo y flujo (sueldo) en la fase de acumulacion de un fondo de pensiones bajo capitalizacion individual. Asimismo, mediante distintos metodos se estudia el efecto de incluir el riesgo y la densidad de cotizacion en el desempeno e idoneidad de los tipos de comision antes mencionados. Finalmente, se realiza una aplicacion practica de la metodologia en el Sistema Privado de Pensiones del Peru.","PeriodicalId":43766,"journal":{"name":"Estudios De Economia","volume":"22 1","pages":"97-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78189716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-02DOI: 10.1590/0101-416146233DVA
Débora Pimentel, Viviane Luporini, A. Modenesi
This paper investigates a possible non-linearity in the pass-through of the exchange rate to the Brazilian consumer price index. Using a decomposition of the exchange rate series, into appreciations and depreciations, for the period of 1999-2013, the paper estimates a sequence of SVAR models with different identifying restrictions. The results are robust and indicate an important asymmetric behavior of the exchange rate pass-through in Brazil. A simple average of the estimates indicates a pass-through of 11.38% in case of depreciation, and 2.84% in the case of appreciation of the Brazilian currency against the US Dollar.
{"title":"Assimetrias no repasse cambial para a inflação: Uma análise empírica para o Brasil (1999 a 2013)","authors":"Débora Pimentel, Viviane Luporini, A. Modenesi","doi":"10.1590/0101-416146233DVA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-416146233DVA","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates a possible non-linearity in the pass-through of the exchange rate to the Brazilian consumer price index. Using a decomposition of the exchange rate series, into appreciations and depreciations, for the period of 1999-2013, the paper estimates a sequence of SVAR models with different identifying restrictions. The results are robust and indicate an important asymmetric behavior of the exchange rate pass-through in Brazil. A simple average of the estimates indicates a pass-through of 11.38% in case of depreciation, and 2.84% in the case of appreciation of the Brazilian currency against the US Dollar.","PeriodicalId":43766,"journal":{"name":"Estudios De Economia","volume":"29 1","pages":"343-372"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84235233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-02DOI: 10.1590/0101-416146266TAZ
Thales Augusto Zamberlan Pereira
The objective of this paper is to analyze the difference in mortality rates among blacks and whites in Rio de Janeiro during the first years of the Brazilian Republic. For that, mortality rates of diseases related to poor housing conditions and access to infrastructure are used as an indicator of economic inequality. Despite the decline in mortality rates in Rio de Janeiro at the beginning of the twentieth century, there was no convergence between the white and black population. In addition, quantitative analysis presents evidence that diseases which disproportionately affected the poor population, such as tuberculosis, indirectly increased the likelihood of death from other diseases, a phenomenon known as Mills-Reincke. This suggests that the mortality rate for the black population may have been previously underestimated.
{"title":"Mortalidade entre brancos e negros no Rio de Janeiro após a abolição","authors":"Thales Augusto Zamberlan Pereira","doi":"10.1590/0101-416146266TAZ","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-416146266TAZ","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper is to analyze the difference in mortality rates among blacks and whites in Rio de Janeiro during the first years of the Brazilian Republic. For that, mortality rates of diseases related to poor housing conditions and access to infrastructure are used as an indicator of economic inequality. Despite the decline in mortality rates in Rio de Janeiro at the beginning of the twentieth century, there was no convergence between the white and black population. In addition, quantitative analysis presents evidence that diseases which disproportionately affected the poor population, such as tuberculosis, indirectly increased the likelihood of death from other diseases, a phenomenon known as Mills-Reincke. This suggests that the mortality rate for the black population may have been previously underestimated.","PeriodicalId":43766,"journal":{"name":"Estudios De Economia","volume":"86 1","pages":"439-469"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80874068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-02DOI: 10.1590/0101-416146244RPF
Francisco de Assis Oliveira Campos, Ricardo Pereira
The essay analyzes corruption and inefficiency in the public sector from a general equilibrium model calibrated to Brazil, focusing on macroeconomic aggregates and welfare for the aggregate economy. The results of the counterfactual exercises performed show that the elimination of corruption and inefficiencies in public spending could determinate significant gain in welfare. However, if only corruption is eliminated the welfare effect is negative, indicating that corruption could be eliminating some distortions in this economy. Admitting a tradeoff between corruption and inefficiency, less inefficiency and more corruption could imply reductions in product and investment in the short and long terms and welfare improvement. Using the flexibilization of rules of tender to illustrate the works of the World Cup and the Olympics allowed by the Law No. 12.462, the results of simulations suggest that, if flexible rules reduce inefficiency and increase corruption, it is possible to verify welfare gains and growth reductions, showing a dilemma in taking decisions for the purpose of implementing such policy of this nature.
{"title":"Corrupção e ineficiência no Brasil: Uma análise de equilíbrio geral","authors":"Francisco de Assis Oliveira Campos, Ricardo Pereira","doi":"10.1590/0101-416146244RPF","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-416146244RPF","url":null,"abstract":"The essay analyzes corruption and inefficiency in the public sector from a general equilibrium model calibrated to Brazil, focusing on macroeconomic aggregates and welfare for the aggregate economy. The results of the counterfactual exercises performed show that the elimination of corruption and inefficiencies in public spending could determinate significant gain in welfare. However, if only corruption is eliminated the welfare effect is negative, indicating that corruption could be eliminating some distortions in this economy. Admitting a tradeoff between corruption and inefficiency, less inefficiency and more corruption could imply reductions in product and investment in the short and long terms and welfare improvement. Using the flexibilization of rules of tender to illustrate the works of the World Cup and the Olympics allowed by the Law No. 12.462, the results of simulations suggest that, if flexible rules reduce inefficiency and increase corruption, it is possible to verify welfare gains and growth reductions, showing a dilemma in taking decisions for the purpose of implementing such policy of this nature.","PeriodicalId":43766,"journal":{"name":"Estudios De Economia","volume":"20 1","pages":"373-408"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88367190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-02DOI: 10.1590/0101-416146277PTF
P. Tavares, Francine Carvalho Pietrobom
This work uses a rich and unique database on occurrences records to investigate the factors associated with school violence. The crimes committed by external agents to school (theft and robbery) are explained by the neighborhood socioeconomic conditions and the personal and material wealth available in schools, while violent acts committed by students (depredation, vandalism, threats and assaults) are associated with the students' demographic composition and his family background. We also identified two effects are not investigated in the literature. The first refers to the role of teacher quality. The second refers to the engagement in school life of children and school activities. The results suggest that the teacher's ability to establish a good relationship with the students and the partnership of the family with the school are able to act on their behavior, inhibiting their engagement in violence.
{"title":"Fatores associados à violência escolar: evidências para o Estado de São Paulo","authors":"P. Tavares, Francine Carvalho Pietrobom","doi":"10.1590/0101-416146277PTF","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-416146277PTF","url":null,"abstract":"This work uses a rich and unique database on occurrences records to investigate the factors associated with school violence. The crimes committed by external agents to school (theft and robbery) are explained by the neighborhood socioeconomic conditions and the personal and material wealth available in schools, while violent acts committed by students (depredation, vandalism, threats and assaults) are associated with the students' demographic composition and his family background. We also identified two effects are not investigated in the literature. The first refers to the role of teacher quality. The second refers to the engagement in school life of children and school activities. The results suggest that the teacher's ability to establish a good relationship with the students and the partnership of the family with the school are able to act on their behavior, inhibiting their engagement in violence.","PeriodicalId":43766,"journal":{"name":"Estudios De Economia","volume":"11 1","pages":"471-498"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89522920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-02DOI: 10.1590/0101-416146255MCM
Marco Antonio Ribas Cavalieri, Marcelo Curado
This article investigates the American influences on Roberto Simonsen's social and economic thought. Simonsen was deeply influenced by important elements of American social and economic science, particularly by the institutionalist economics and the science/philosophy of social control. Taking into consideration the international literature on early twentieth-century American social and economic science, this paper stresses that Simonsen was indeed influenced by an American thought that was deeply prominent and modern for the period.
{"title":"As influências norte-americanas de Roberto Simonsen: Controle social, institucionalismo e planejamento","authors":"Marco Antonio Ribas Cavalieri, Marcelo Curado","doi":"10.1590/0101-416146255MCM","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-416146255MCM","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the American influences on Roberto Simonsen's social and economic thought. Simonsen was deeply influenced by important elements of American social and economic science, particularly by the institutionalist economics and the science/philosophy of social control. Taking into consideration the international literature on early twentieth-century American social and economic science, this paper stresses that Simonsen was indeed influenced by an American thought that was deeply prominent and modern for the period.","PeriodicalId":43766,"journal":{"name":"Estudios De Economia","volume":"12 1","pages":"409-438"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75387154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-02DOI: 10.1590/0101-416146211GLJ
Geraldo Moreira Bittencourt, Leonardo Bornacki de Mattos, J. E. Lima
Diante da evolucao do ingresso de investimento direto estrangeiro na economia brasileira e da crescente preocupacao com aspectos institucionais nos paises receptores e de origem deste tipo de investimento, o presente estudo se propos a avaliar como a qualidade do ambiente institucional e sua heterogeneidade tem afetado a entrada de IDE no mercado brasileiro, no periodo de 1996 a 2012. Para tanto, foram realizadas estimacoes de uma equacao gravitacional para os fluxos de investimentos externos destinados ao Brasil e provenientes dos seus 31 principais parceiros investidores. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que o volume entrante de investimento externo no Brasil e positivamente afetado pela qualidade do ambiente institucional politico-social e economico-financeiro entre os paises de origem e o Brasil. Alem disso, a disparidade institucional economico-financeira mostrou-se negativamente relacionada com o ingresso do capital externo.
{"title":"Heterogeneidade institucional e o ingresso de investimento direto estrangeiro na economia brasileira","authors":"Geraldo Moreira Bittencourt, Leonardo Bornacki de Mattos, J. E. Lima","doi":"10.1590/0101-416146211GLJ","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-416146211GLJ","url":null,"abstract":"Diante da evolucao do ingresso de investimento direto estrangeiro na economia brasileira e da crescente preocupacao com aspectos institucionais nos paises receptores e de origem deste tipo de investimento, o presente estudo se propos a avaliar como a qualidade do ambiente institucional e sua heterogeneidade tem afetado a entrada de IDE no mercado brasileiro, no periodo de 1996 a 2012. Para tanto, foram realizadas estimacoes de uma equacao gravitacional para os fluxos de investimentos externos destinados ao Brasil e provenientes dos seus 31 principais parceiros investidores. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que o volume entrante de investimento externo no Brasil e positivamente afetado pela qualidade do ambiente institucional politico-social e economico-financeiro entre os paises de origem e o Brasil. Alem disso, a disparidade institucional economico-financeira mostrou-se negativamente relacionada com o ingresso do capital externo.","PeriodicalId":43766,"journal":{"name":"Estudios De Economia","volume":"22 1","pages":"281-310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75086234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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