Pub Date : 2023-07-26DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres14030065
K. Whitehead, Jake Eppinger, V. Srinivasan, M. K. Ijaz, R. Nims, J. McKinney
When worn, clothing acquires a microbiome of bacteria and fungi derived from the wearer’s skin and from the environment. The types of bacteria and fungi that may be recovered from clothing in healthcare settings have been well characterized, but less is known regarding the microbiome of clothing worn in non-healthcare settings and the possible roles that such clothing may play in microbial exchange. Culture-based methods and culture-independent genomic sequencing were used to enumerate and identify bacteria and fungi recovered from T-shirts, baby onesies, socks, and underwear worn for a single day after having been purchased new, washed, and dried. The highest bacterial loads were recovered from socks, underwear, and onesies (>106 colony-forming units [cfu]/sample) and the highest fungal loads were obtained from socks and underwear (>5 × 102 cfu/sample). The sequencing method identified opportunistic pathogens present in the samples, including members of genus Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium, as well as anaerobic members of the family Clostridiales. The opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida parapsilosis was identified in a high proportion of worn clothing samples. These results suggest that clothing may represent a pathogen reservoir and a vector for microbial exchange between household occupants or the community outside of the home.
{"title":"Microbiome of Clothing Items Worn for a Single Day in a Non-Healthcare Setting","authors":"K. Whitehead, Jake Eppinger, V. Srinivasan, M. K. Ijaz, R. Nims, J. McKinney","doi":"10.3390/microbiolres14030065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres14030065","url":null,"abstract":"When worn, clothing acquires a microbiome of bacteria and fungi derived from the wearer’s skin and from the environment. The types of bacteria and fungi that may be recovered from clothing in healthcare settings have been well characterized, but less is known regarding the microbiome of clothing worn in non-healthcare settings and the possible roles that such clothing may play in microbial exchange. Culture-based methods and culture-independent genomic sequencing were used to enumerate and identify bacteria and fungi recovered from T-shirts, baby onesies, socks, and underwear worn for a single day after having been purchased new, washed, and dried. The highest bacterial loads were recovered from socks, underwear, and onesies (>106 colony-forming units [cfu]/sample) and the highest fungal loads were obtained from socks and underwear (>5 × 102 cfu/sample). The sequencing method identified opportunistic pathogens present in the samples, including members of genus Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium, as well as anaerobic members of the family Clostridiales. The opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida parapsilosis was identified in a high proportion of worn clothing samples. These results suggest that clothing may represent a pathogen reservoir and a vector for microbial exchange between household occupants or the community outside of the home.","PeriodicalId":43788,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84161880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-25DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres14030064
A. Ibáñez, Sonia Garrido-Chamorro, C. Barreiro
The effect of climate change on flora and fauna has been widely discussed for years. However, its consequences on microorganisms are generally poorly considered. The main effect of climate change on microbiota is related to biodiversity changes in different regions of the planet, mainly due to variations in temperature. These alterations are resulting in a worldwide (re)distribution of pathogens, which was not considered a few years ago. They mainly affect different food chain sectors (such as agriculture, livestock and fishing), as well as human health. Hence, the spread of numerous animal and plant pathogens has been observed in recent years from south to north (especially in America, Europe and Asia), leading to the spread of numerous plant and animal diseases, which results in economic and ecological losses. In addition, global warming that accompanies climate change could also be related to emerging antibiotic resistance. However, the mitigation of climate change goes hand in hand with microorganisms, which can help us through different natural and industrial processes. Thus, this manuscript presents the direct and indirect effects of climate change on microorganisms described up to date and how they act on this worldwide phenomenon.
{"title":"Microorganisms and Climate Change: A Not so Invisible Effect","authors":"A. Ibáñez, Sonia Garrido-Chamorro, C. Barreiro","doi":"10.3390/microbiolres14030064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres14030064","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of climate change on flora and fauna has been widely discussed for years. However, its consequences on microorganisms are generally poorly considered. The main effect of climate change on microbiota is related to biodiversity changes in different regions of the planet, mainly due to variations in temperature. These alterations are resulting in a worldwide (re)distribution of pathogens, which was not considered a few years ago. They mainly affect different food chain sectors (such as agriculture, livestock and fishing), as well as human health. Hence, the spread of numerous animal and plant pathogens has been observed in recent years from south to north (especially in America, Europe and Asia), leading to the spread of numerous plant and animal diseases, which results in economic and ecological losses. In addition, global warming that accompanies climate change could also be related to emerging antibiotic resistance. However, the mitigation of climate change goes hand in hand with microorganisms, which can help us through different natural and industrial processes. Thus, this manuscript presents the direct and indirect effects of climate change on microorganisms described up to date and how they act on this worldwide phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":43788,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90342006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres14030063
S. Shrestha, J. Shrestha, T. Strand, S. Numanovic, A. Andreassen, J. Dembinski, R. Vikse, S. Dudman
Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) has a major impact on morbidity and mortality worldwide. The viral aetiology of diarrhoeal diseases may remain unknown due to limited diagnostic facilities. Non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) are the third most frequent pathogen detected in stool specimens from AGE cases, yet their potential role in AGE is uncertain. In Nepal, limited data are available on NPEVs, due to both the lack of an adequate surveillance program and the availability of tests. The global polio eradication initiative effort of the WHO has eradicated the incidence of poliomyelitis and acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) from many parts of the world, including Nepal. However, cases of AFP associated with NPEVs have been reported in different countries, including the neighbouring India. This study aims to investigate the diarrhoeal stool samples from a birth cohort until the age of 36 months for NPEVs and the genotype diversity of NPEV in community children with diarrhoea. A total of 280 longitudinal diarrhoeal stool samples that were negative for other enteric pathogens were tested using RT-PCRs. NPEVs was detected in 97 stool specimens (34.6%) and were significantly more frequent in infants up to one year of age. This study identified 17 various NPEV types, with the dominating species being Enterovirus B (EV-B). Ten different types of echoviruses were recorded in this study, with the two rare NPEVs B74 and A120. Based on prevalence, seasonality, and diversity, further studies are warranted to investigate the role of enterovirus in diarrhoeal disease.
{"title":"The Molecular Epidemiology of Enterovirus in a Birth Cohort in Nepal","authors":"S. Shrestha, J. Shrestha, T. Strand, S. Numanovic, A. Andreassen, J. Dembinski, R. Vikse, S. Dudman","doi":"10.3390/microbiolres14030063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres14030063","url":null,"abstract":"Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) has a major impact on morbidity and mortality worldwide. The viral aetiology of diarrhoeal diseases may remain unknown due to limited diagnostic facilities. Non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) are the third most frequent pathogen detected in stool specimens from AGE cases, yet their potential role in AGE is uncertain. In Nepal, limited data are available on NPEVs, due to both the lack of an adequate surveillance program and the availability of tests. The global polio eradication initiative effort of the WHO has eradicated the incidence of poliomyelitis and acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) from many parts of the world, including Nepal. However, cases of AFP associated with NPEVs have been reported in different countries, including the neighbouring India. This study aims to investigate the diarrhoeal stool samples from a birth cohort until the age of 36 months for NPEVs and the genotype diversity of NPEV in community children with diarrhoea. A total of 280 longitudinal diarrhoeal stool samples that were negative for other enteric pathogens were tested using RT-PCRs. NPEVs was detected in 97 stool specimens (34.6%) and were significantly more frequent in infants up to one year of age. This study identified 17 various NPEV types, with the dominating species being Enterovirus B (EV-B). Ten different types of echoviruses were recorded in this study, with the two rare NPEVs B74 and A120. Based on prevalence, seasonality, and diversity, further studies are warranted to investigate the role of enterovirus in diarrhoeal disease.","PeriodicalId":43788,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89886143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-13DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres14030062
Sarah Boulahouat, H. Cherif-Silini, A. Silini, A. C. Bouket, L. Luptakova, Faizah N. Alenezi, L. Belbahri
Among plant disease management strategies, biological control is a sustainable alternative to the use of chemicals for the control of vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum. Fusarium wilt is the most devastating disease affecting a wide variety of plants. Bacillus species are the most widely used biological control candidates for the control of these fungal diseases. This review describes the pathogenicity of F. oxysporum, its virulence mechanisms, and host plant–pathogen interactions. The control means deployed by Bacillus species inhibit or kill these phytopathogens. Bacillus spp. produce a wide range of secondary metabolites, including volatile and non-volatile organic compounds. Biocontrol potential is achieved through direct antimicrobial activity, the induction of the host plant’s immune response (Induced Systemic Resistance), and competition for nutrients and space. In addition, parameters governing the selection of effective biocontrol agents and their survival in plant microbial communities are discussed. The influence of the microbiota on the establishment and development of biocontrol agents can assess the potential of these treatments and facilitate the development of effective biopesticides during their field application.
{"title":"Biocontrol Efficiency of Rhizospheric Bacillus against the Plant Pathogen Fusarium oxysporum: A Promising Approach for Sustainable Agriculture","authors":"Sarah Boulahouat, H. Cherif-Silini, A. Silini, A. C. Bouket, L. Luptakova, Faizah N. Alenezi, L. Belbahri","doi":"10.3390/microbiolres14030062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres14030062","url":null,"abstract":"Among plant disease management strategies, biological control is a sustainable alternative to the use of chemicals for the control of vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum. Fusarium wilt is the most devastating disease affecting a wide variety of plants. Bacillus species are the most widely used biological control candidates for the control of these fungal diseases. This review describes the pathogenicity of F. oxysporum, its virulence mechanisms, and host plant–pathogen interactions. The control means deployed by Bacillus species inhibit or kill these phytopathogens. Bacillus spp. produce a wide range of secondary metabolites, including volatile and non-volatile organic compounds. Biocontrol potential is achieved through direct antimicrobial activity, the induction of the host plant’s immune response (Induced Systemic Resistance), and competition for nutrients and space. In addition, parameters governing the selection of effective biocontrol agents and their survival in plant microbial communities are discussed. The influence of the microbiota on the establishment and development of biocontrol agents can assess the potential of these treatments and facilitate the development of effective biopesticides during their field application.","PeriodicalId":43788,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72534822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-10DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres14030061
Amna Azam, Shahid Saleem Pall, I. Khan, Waqas Ahmad, T. Jamil, Aziz Ur Rehman, M. Imran, W. Shehzad, F. Melzer, M. F. Qamar, H. El-Adawy
Brucellosis is a bacterial zoonosis worldwide and a potential health risk in Pakistan due to socio-economic reasons and lack of awareness, veterinary health and modern dairy-processing facilities. The aim of this study was to determine the burden of brucellosis in hospitalized patients of selected districts of Punjab, Pakistan. To this end, a total of 280 serum samples were collected from suspected patients in districts Lahore, Okara and Khushab between 2016 and 2018. Anti-Brucella antibodies were detected in 89 (31.8%) sera by Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), and Brucella abortus DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 42 (15%) samples. In univariable analysis, the seroprevalence varied significantly (p < 0.05) between districts with Lahore indicating 41/101 (40.6%) Odds ratio (OR) = 53.98 (7.22–403.67; 95% CI), Okara 47/99 (47.5%) OR = 71.4 (9.55–533.65; 95% CI) and Khushab 1/80 (1.3%) as reference. Similarly, exposure to aborted materials and a history of blood transfusion did associate significantly (p < 0.05), posing OR = 2.91 (1.58–5.36; 95% CI) and OR = 4.48 (2.56–7.84; 95% CI) risk. However, consumption of raw milk and history of blood transfusion did associate significantly (p < 0.05) in multivariable analysis indicating OR = 1.91 (1.09–3.34; 95% CI) and OR = 4.92 (2.76–8.75; 95% CI), respectively. The association of history of blood transfusion as a brucellosis risk factor underscores the need to create brucellosis awareness programs both at public and institutional levels in the medical and veterinary fields, as well as facilities and capacity building to delve deeper into the epidemiology of brucellosis in the country. Particular attention should be paid to chronically infected patients. Therefore, laboratory modernization, standardization and validation of the diagnostic tests, and staff trainings are required. Finally, pasteurization of the milk is recommended before consumption.
布鲁氏菌病是一种世界性的细菌性人畜共患病，由于社会经济原因以及缺乏认识、兽医卫生和现代乳制品加工设施，在巴基斯坦是一种潜在的健康风险。本研究的目的是确定巴基斯坦旁遮普选定地区住院患者的布鲁氏菌病负担。为此，在2016年至2018年期间，从拉合尔、奥卡拉和库沙布地区的疑似患者中共收集了280份血清样本。玫瑰孟加拉平板法(RBPT)检测89份(31.8%)血清中检测到抗布鲁氏菌抗体，聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增出42份(15%)流产布鲁氏菌DNA。单因素分析中，各地区血清阳性率差异有统计学意义(p < 0.05)，其中拉合尔41/101(40.6%)优势比(OR) = 53.98 (7.22 ~ 403.67);95% CI)， Okara 47/99 (47.5%) OR = 71.4 (9.55-533.65;95% CI)和Khushab 1/80(1.3%)作为参考。同样，流产材料暴露与输血史也显著相关(p < 0.05)， OR = 2.91 (1.58-5.36;95% CI)， OR = 4.48 (2.56-7.84;95% CI)风险。然而，在多变量分析中，原料奶的摄入量与输血史有显著相关(p < 0.05)， OR = 1.91 (1.09-3.34;95% CI)， OR = 4.92 (2.76-8.75;95% CI)。输血史与布鲁氏菌病风险因素的关联强调了在医疗和兽医领域的公共和机构层面建立布鲁氏菌病认识规划以及设施和能力建设的必要性，以便更深入地研究该国的布鲁氏菌病流行病学。应特别注意慢性感染患者。因此，需要对实验室进行现代化、标准化和验证诊断测试，并对工作人员进行培训。最后，建议在食用前对牛奶进行巴氏消毒。
{"title":"Evidence of Brucellosis in Hospitalized Patients of Selected Districts of Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"Amna Azam, Shahid Saleem Pall, I. Khan, Waqas Ahmad, T. Jamil, Aziz Ur Rehman, M. Imran, W. Shehzad, F. Melzer, M. F. Qamar, H. El-Adawy","doi":"10.3390/microbiolres14030061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres14030061","url":null,"abstract":"Brucellosis is a bacterial zoonosis worldwide and a potential health risk in Pakistan due to socio-economic reasons and lack of awareness, veterinary health and modern dairy-processing facilities. The aim of this study was to determine the burden of brucellosis in hospitalized patients of selected districts of Punjab, Pakistan. To this end, a total of 280 serum samples were collected from suspected patients in districts Lahore, Okara and Khushab between 2016 and 2018. Anti-Brucella antibodies were detected in 89 (31.8%) sera by Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), and Brucella abortus DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 42 (15%) samples. In univariable analysis, the seroprevalence varied significantly (p < 0.05) between districts with Lahore indicating 41/101 (40.6%) Odds ratio (OR) = 53.98 (7.22–403.67; 95% CI), Okara 47/99 (47.5%) OR = 71.4 (9.55–533.65; 95% CI) and Khushab 1/80 (1.3%) as reference. Similarly, exposure to aborted materials and a history of blood transfusion did associate significantly (p < 0.05), posing OR = 2.91 (1.58–5.36; 95% CI) and OR = 4.48 (2.56–7.84; 95% CI) risk. However, consumption of raw milk and history of blood transfusion did associate significantly (p < 0.05) in multivariable analysis indicating OR = 1.91 (1.09–3.34; 95% CI) and OR = 4.92 (2.76–8.75; 95% CI), respectively. The association of history of blood transfusion as a brucellosis risk factor underscores the need to create brucellosis awareness programs both at public and institutional levels in the medical and veterinary fields, as well as facilities and capacity building to delve deeper into the epidemiology of brucellosis in the country. Particular attention should be paid to chronically infected patients. Therefore, laboratory modernization, standardization and validation of the diagnostic tests, and staff trainings are required. Finally, pasteurization of the milk is recommended before consumption.","PeriodicalId":43788,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research","volume":"168 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87945903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-08DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres14030060
Yulaine Corrales Barrios, A. Roncarati, L. D. Martín Ríos, Maikelis Rodríguez González, Marbelys González Salotén, Yeidel López Zaldívar, A. Arenal
Penaeus spp. are the most cultivated type of shrimp because they have rapid growth and good adaptation to farming conditions. Due to diseases that result in high mortality and a decreased product quality, the cultivation of these shrimp globally, and in Cuba in particular, comes with the risk of significant financial losses. This study examined the effect of fructooligosaccharide (FOS, 1-kestose) on the growth and immune response of shrimp, as well as the multitude of Vibrio spp. and Pseudomonas spp. in Penaeus vannamei post-larvae under culture conditions. Fructooligosaccharide was applied in a completely randomized manner at a concentration of 0.4%, in both experimental groups with seventeen tanks each. In the results of this investigation, animals of greater weight (control 6.8 ± 0.2 mg; FOS 9.5 ± 0.3 mg; p < 0.001), length (control 1.1 ± 0.1 mm; FOS 1.3 ± 0.1 mm; p < 0.001), and survival (control 61.7% (95% CI of median 54.2–70.0); FOS 76.6% (95% CI of median 72.1–84.2); p < 0.001) were obtained when administered FOS relative to the control. An increase in the activity of proteases (p < 0.001), enzymes of the innate immune system such as phenoloxidase (p < 0.001), and lysozymes (p < 0.001) was observed, as well as an increase in the number of lectins (p < 0.001). Changes in the microbiota could be observed, with a reduction in Vibrio spp. and Pseudomonas spp. (control 2.4 × 103 ± 0.5 × 103; FOS 1.1 × 102 ± 0.3 × 102; p < 0.001). FOS improves the quality of the post-larvae of P. vannamei as reflected in the length, weight, and survival of the animals. Moreover, FOS stimulates the P. vannamei immune system through the enzymatic activities of phenoloxidase, lysozyme, and a number of lectins. The reduction in the population load of Vibrio spp. and Pseudomonas spp. might be a consequence of the improvement in the quality and immune system of P. vannamei.
{"title":"Effects of Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on the Immune Response of the Shrimp Penaeus vannamei and on the Reduction in Vibrio spp. and Pseudomonas spp. in Cultures of Post-Larvae","authors":"Yulaine Corrales Barrios, A. Roncarati, L. D. Martín Ríos, Maikelis Rodríguez González, Marbelys González Salotén, Yeidel López Zaldívar, A. Arenal","doi":"10.3390/microbiolres14030060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres14030060","url":null,"abstract":"Penaeus spp. are the most cultivated type of shrimp because they have rapid growth and good adaptation to farming conditions. Due to diseases that result in high mortality and a decreased product quality, the cultivation of these shrimp globally, and in Cuba in particular, comes with the risk of significant financial losses. This study examined the effect of fructooligosaccharide (FOS, 1-kestose) on the growth and immune response of shrimp, as well as the multitude of Vibrio spp. and Pseudomonas spp. in Penaeus vannamei post-larvae under culture conditions. Fructooligosaccharide was applied in a completely randomized manner at a concentration of 0.4%, in both experimental groups with seventeen tanks each. In the results of this investigation, animals of greater weight (control 6.8 ± 0.2 mg; FOS 9.5 ± 0.3 mg; p < 0.001), length (control 1.1 ± 0.1 mm; FOS 1.3 ± 0.1 mm; p < 0.001), and survival (control 61.7% (95% CI of median 54.2–70.0); FOS 76.6% (95% CI of median 72.1–84.2); p < 0.001) were obtained when administered FOS relative to the control. An increase in the activity of proteases (p < 0.001), enzymes of the innate immune system such as phenoloxidase (p < 0.001), and lysozymes (p < 0.001) was observed, as well as an increase in the number of lectins (p < 0.001). Changes in the microbiota could be observed, with a reduction in Vibrio spp. and Pseudomonas spp. (control 2.4 × 103 ± 0.5 × 103; FOS 1.1 × 102 ± 0.3 × 102; p < 0.001). FOS improves the quality of the post-larvae of P. vannamei as reflected in the length, weight, and survival of the animals. Moreover, FOS stimulates the P. vannamei immune system through the enzymatic activities of phenoloxidase, lysozyme, and a number of lectins. The reduction in the population load of Vibrio spp. and Pseudomonas spp. might be a consequence of the improvement in the quality and immune system of P. vannamei.","PeriodicalId":43788,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75856902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-06DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres14030059
Shousong Yue, Zhenzhong Zhang, F. Bian, Yan Zhang, Gao Chen, Youfeng Zhu, Jun Li, J. Picimbon
We deal with various strains of Lactobacillus that can maintain the intestinal microbiome of rats treated with cyclophosphamide, an anticancer agent (chemotherapy). We use MiSeq and various types of statistical tests to prove that cyclophosphamide in rats alters the intestinal microbiome, favoring the growth of various fungi that are extremely harmful to intestinal metabolism. On the contrary, when Lactobacillus 3L is administered together with cyclophosphamide, we prove that the microbiome is preserved by having a much better intestinal metabolism.
{"title":"3L, Three-Lactobacilli on Recovering of Microbiome and Immune-Damage by Cyclophosphamide Chemotherapy—A Pilot Experiment in Rats—","authors":"Shousong Yue, Zhenzhong Zhang, F. Bian, Yan Zhang, Gao Chen, Youfeng Zhu, Jun Li, J. Picimbon","doi":"10.3390/microbiolres14030059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres14030059","url":null,"abstract":"We deal with various strains of Lactobacillus that can maintain the intestinal microbiome of rats treated with cyclophosphamide, an anticancer agent (chemotherapy). We use MiSeq and various types of statistical tests to prove that cyclophosphamide in rats alters the intestinal microbiome, favoring the growth of various fungi that are extremely harmful to intestinal metabolism. On the contrary, when Lactobacillus 3L is administered together with cyclophosphamide, we prove that the microbiome is preserved by having a much better intestinal metabolism.","PeriodicalId":43788,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87464082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-29DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres14030058
Naif A. Jalal, Rozan A. Al-Atyyani, Hamdi M. Al-Said, Sami S. Ashgar, H. Faidah, A. Johargy, A. Momenah, A. Barhameen, S. Hariri, Farkad Bantun, Fadi S I Qashqari, E. B. Khidir, Mohammed H. Althagafi
Environmental conditions in hospitals facilitate the growth and spread of pathogenic bacteria on surfaces such as floors, bed rails, air ventilation units, and mobile elements. These pathogens may be eliminated with proper disinfecting processes, including the use of appropriate surface disinfectants. In this study, we aimed to evaluate of the antibacterial effects of seven surface disinfectants (HAMAYA, DAC, AJAX, Jif, Mr. MUSCLE, CLOROX, and BACTIL) against eight bacterial strains Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Acinetobacter baumannii, Serratia marcescens, Escherichia coli, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis-ATCC 51299, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-ATCC 43300, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa-ATCC 1544, using two methods. The first was to determine the effective contact time of disinfectant against the tested bacterial strains, and the second was an assessment of the disinfection efficacy of each disinfectant on six types of contaminated surfaces with on a mixture of the eight tested bacterial strains. The results showed the efficacy of the disinfectants against the tested strains depending on the effective contact time. BACTIL disinfectant showed an efficacy of 100% against all tested strains at the end of the first minute of contact time. HAMAYA, DAC, Jif, Mr. MUSCLE, and CLOROX showed 100% efficiency at the end of the fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, and fourteenth minutes, respectively, while AJAX disinfectant required nineteen minutes of contact time to show 100% efficacy against all tested strains.
{"title":"Comparative Assessment of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Seven Surface Disinfectants against Eight Bacterial Strains in Saudi Arabia: An In Vitro Study","authors":"Naif A. Jalal, Rozan A. Al-Atyyani, Hamdi M. Al-Said, Sami S. Ashgar, H. Faidah, A. Johargy, A. Momenah, A. Barhameen, S. Hariri, Farkad Bantun, Fadi S I Qashqari, E. B. Khidir, Mohammed H. Althagafi","doi":"10.3390/microbiolres14030058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres14030058","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental conditions in hospitals facilitate the growth and spread of pathogenic bacteria on surfaces such as floors, bed rails, air ventilation units, and mobile elements. These pathogens may be eliminated with proper disinfecting processes, including the use of appropriate surface disinfectants. In this study, we aimed to evaluate of the antibacterial effects of seven surface disinfectants (HAMAYA, DAC, AJAX, Jif, Mr. MUSCLE, CLOROX, and BACTIL) against eight bacterial strains Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Acinetobacter baumannii, Serratia marcescens, Escherichia coli, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis-ATCC 51299, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-ATCC 43300, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa-ATCC 1544, using two methods. The first was to determine the effective contact time of disinfectant against the tested bacterial strains, and the second was an assessment of the disinfection efficacy of each disinfectant on six types of contaminated surfaces with on a mixture of the eight tested bacterial strains. The results showed the efficacy of the disinfectants against the tested strains depending on the effective contact time. BACTIL disinfectant showed an efficacy of 100% against all tested strains at the end of the first minute of contact time. HAMAYA, DAC, Jif, Mr. MUSCLE, and CLOROX showed 100% efficiency at the end of the fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, and fourteenth minutes, respectively, while AJAX disinfectant required nineteen minutes of contact time to show 100% efficacy against all tested strains.","PeriodicalId":43788,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73637060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vaccines are crucial for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, and booster doses are becoming increasingly important. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine from AstraZeneca as a third dose in healthcare workers at different time intervals (one, three, and six months). Two methods to measure immune response—ELISA (EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Luebeck, Germany) and ELISpot (Mabtech AB, Macka Strand, Sweden)—were used. A total of 170 participants were included in the study. The results showed that while IgG levels decreased at six months compared to levels at one and three months, they were still significantly higher than the baseline. Furthermore, neutralizing levels at three and six months and after the third dose were not significantly different. These findings suggest that the immune response induced by the vaccine was robust and effective for several months. These results have significant implications for public health policymakers, as they provide strong support for booster vaccinations. The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine appears to be a reliable option for preventing the spread of COVID-19, and this study provides valuable information for healthcare workers and policymakers in managing the pandemic.
{"title":"Comparison of Antibody Persistence up to 6 Months after Additional Booster Vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine","authors":"Pawita Suwanwattana, May Han, Tanawin Nopsopon, Phanupong Phutrakool, Chatpol Samuthpongtorn, Wannarat Pongpirul, Wisit Prasithsirikul, Krit Pongpirul","doi":"10.3390/microbiolres14020057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres14020057","url":null,"abstract":"Vaccines are crucial for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, and booster doses are becoming increasingly important. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine from AstraZeneca as a third dose in healthcare workers at different time intervals (one, three, and six months). Two methods to measure immune response—ELISA (EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Luebeck, Germany) and ELISpot (Mabtech AB, Macka Strand, Sweden)—were used. A total of 170 participants were included in the study. The results showed that while IgG levels decreased at six months compared to levels at one and three months, they were still significantly higher than the baseline. Furthermore, neutralizing levels at three and six months and after the third dose were not significantly different. These findings suggest that the immune response induced by the vaccine was robust and effective for several months. These results have significant implications for public health policymakers, as they provide strong support for booster vaccinations. The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine appears to be a reliable option for preventing the spread of COVID-19, and this study provides valuable information for healthcare workers and policymakers in managing the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":43788,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135621262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-16DOI: 10.20944/preprints202304.0364.v1
Pawita Suwanwattana, M. Han, T. Nopsopon, P. Phutrakool, C. Samuthpongtorn, W. Pongpirul, W. Prasithsirikul, K. Pongpirul
Vaccines are crucial for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, and booster doses are becoming increasingly important. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine from AstraZeneca as a third dose in healthcare workers at different time intervals (one, three, and six months). Two methods to measure immune response—ELISA (EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Luebeck, Germany) and ELISpot (Mabtech AB, Macka Strand, Sweden)—were used. A total of 170 participants were included in the study. The results showed that while IgG levels decreased at six months compared to levels at one and three months, they were still significantly higher than the baseline. Furthermore, neutralizing levels at three and six months and after the third dose were not significantly different. These findings suggest that the immune response induced by the vaccine was robust and effective for several months. These results have significant implications for public health policymakers, as they provide strong support for booster vaccinations. The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine appears to be a reliable option for preventing the spread of COVID-19, and this study provides valuable information for healthcare workers and policymakers in managing the pandemic.
{"title":"Comparison of Antibody Persistence up to 6 Months after Additional Booster Vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine","authors":"Pawita Suwanwattana, M. Han, T. Nopsopon, P. Phutrakool, C. Samuthpongtorn, W. Pongpirul, W. Prasithsirikul, K. Pongpirul","doi":"10.20944/preprints202304.0364.v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202304.0364.v1","url":null,"abstract":"Vaccines are crucial for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, and booster doses are becoming increasingly important. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine from AstraZeneca as a third dose in healthcare workers at different time intervals (one, three, and six months). Two methods to measure immune response—ELISA (EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Luebeck, Germany) and ELISpot (Mabtech AB, Macka Strand, Sweden)—were used. A total of 170 participants were included in the study. The results showed that while IgG levels decreased at six months compared to levels at one and three months, they were still significantly higher than the baseline. Furthermore, neutralizing levels at three and six months and after the third dose were not significantly different. These findings suggest that the immune response induced by the vaccine was robust and effective for several months. These results have significant implications for public health policymakers, as they provide strong support for booster vaccinations. The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine appears to be a reliable option for preventing the spread of COVID-19, and this study provides valuable information for healthcare workers and policymakers in managing the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":43788,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91332378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：