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On Learning to Love Your Mother-in-law: Remembering La Ménage in Colonial and Postcolonial Algeria 学习爱你的婆婆:回忆殖民地和后殖民时期的阿尔及利亚
IF 0.4 3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2022-09-18 DOI: 10.1080/14484528.2022.2120149
Michelle Hamadache
ABSTRACT Before my mother-in-law Fatima comes to visit us from Algiers, a monumental cleaning of our already relatively tidy home occurs. The cleaning begins weeks before her arrival, and the day before her flight lands is one of anxiety and arguments as each member of the family blames another for their failures of cleanliness and order. Fatima keeps house with a ferocity that is matched only by her stamina, and she expects us to do the same. It might sound as though Fatima is cleaning house the way women have cleaned houses for generations before her, but this is not the case. Fatima is Kabyle Algerian and a first generation born in Algiers centreville. Her own mother learned to keep house from a French colon, while Algeria was still a colony of France (1830–1962). Fatima is nearing eighty, so my desire to record her relationship with la ménage is a way of documenting a life that might otherwise seem less than extraordinary. Biography, historical research and memoir combine in this essay where I interrogate intimate domestic spaces and their intersections with historical and political events, forming a feminist inquiry into the way women negotiate power in colonial and patriarchal societies, challenging myths of passivity and subjugation and complicating ideas about gendered domestic spaces.
摘要在我的婆婆法蒂玛从阿尔及尔来看望我们之前,我们已经相对整洁的家进行了一次大扫除。清洁工作在她抵达前几周开始,在她的航班降落的前一天,由于家庭中的每个成员都将自己的清洁和秩序问题归咎于另一个成员,因此充满了焦虑和争论。法蒂玛以一种只有她的耐力才能与之匹敌的凶猛持家,她希望我们也这样做。听起来法蒂玛好像在像她之前几代女性打扫房子一样打扫房子,但事实并非如此。法蒂玛是卡比尔阿尔及利亚人,第一代出生在阿尔及尔中心城。当阿尔及利亚还是法国的殖民地时(1830-1962),她自己的母亲从法国人那里学会了持家。法蒂玛快80岁了,所以我想记录她与la ménage的关系,这是一种记录生活的方式,否则这种生活可能看起来并不非凡。传记、历史研究和回忆录在这篇文章中结合在一起,我审问了亲密的家庭空间及其与历史和政治事件的交叉点,对女性在殖民地和父权社会中谈判权力的方式进行了女权主义调查,挑战了被动和征服的神话,并使关于性别化家庭空间的想法复杂化。
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引用次数: 0
Searching for Moon Chow: A Joint Journey 寻找月食:一次共同的旅程
IF 0.4 3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2022-09-18 DOI: 10.1080/14484528.2022.2120593
Yu Tao, Benjamin Smith, Petra Mosmann, K. Poon, B. Walker
ABSTRACT This article reflects on a joint journey during which three academics, a community historian, and a family historian collaborated in searching for Moon Chow, who is widely narrated as the first documented Chinese immigrant to Western Australia. This experience demonstrates how researchers from various traditions and backgrounds can work together productively despite different initial motivations and agendas. This article presents various Moon Chow stories and narratives that family historians, community historians, academic historians, public entities, and commercial entities have put forward. Rather than judging the soundness and merits of these stories, this article highlights how working with family and community historians results in researchers developing a richer understanding of Moon Chow, telling his story sincerely and sympathetically and preventing the poor scholarship of replacing one oversimplified narrative with another. This article also reveals that family historians may choose to deal with different parts of their family history in different ways to reach different objectives. As a result, their positions, motivations, and identities can be highly fluid, not confined to scholarly paradigms.
摘要本文回顾了三位学者、一位社区历史学家和一位家庭历史学家共同寻找Moon Chow的历程。Moon Chou被广泛认为是第一位有记录的西澳大利亚华人移民。这段经历表明,尽管最初的动机和议程不同,但来自不同传统和背景的研究人员如何能够富有成效地合作。本文介绍了家庭历史学家、社区历史学家、学术历史学家、公共实体和商业实体提出的各种Moon Chow故事和叙事。这篇文章没有评判这些故事的合理性和优点,而是强调了与家庭和社区历史学家的合作如何使研究人员对周有了更丰富的理解,真诚而富有同情心地讲述了他的故事,并防止了用另一个过于简单化的叙述取代一个过于复杂的叙述的学术性差。这篇文章还揭示了家族历史学家可能会选择以不同的方式处理其家族历史的不同部分,以达到不同的目的。因此,他们的立场、动机和身份可以是高度流动的,而不仅仅局限于学术范式。
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引用次数: 0
Writing the Hearing Line: Telling Family Stories of Deafness 写听力线:讲述耳聋的家庭故事
IF 0.4 3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2022-09-18 DOI: 10.1080/14484528.2022.2120133
J. Kirkness
ABSTRACT The history of the deaf has been regarded as ‘A history of misunderstandings’ [de Saint-Loup, A. 1996. “A History of Misunderstandings: The History of the Deaf.” Diogenes 44 (175): 1–25]. Literary writing about deaf lives is so rare that scholars discuss the ‘invisibility’ of deafness in the cultural imaginary (McDonald, D. 2011. “HEARSAY: How Stories About Deafness and Deaf People are Told.” PhD diss., Griffith University). In response to this dearth of literature, this paper considers the unique potential of creative nonfiction writing to offer new epistemological understandings of ‘the hearing line’—‘the invisible boundary between the deaf and the hearing’ (Krentz, C. 2007. “Writing Deafness: The Hearing Line in Nineteenth Century Literature.” USA: University of North Carolina Press, 2). I discuss the process of writing a memoir, titled ‘A Sense of You’, which explores my relationship with my Deaf grandparents. By engaging with family history and stories, this work provides a window to interactions across the hearing line. I argue for the value of literary representations that disrupt existing understandings of both deafness and hearing, utilising family history and creative nonfictionto animate lived experience. Through engagement with Deaf Studies philosophy, this paper troubles medical understandings of deafness.
摘要聋人的历史被认为是“误解的历史”[de Saint Loup,A.1996。《误解的历史:聋人的历史》,第欧根尼44(175):1-25]。关于聋人生活的文学作品非常罕见,以至于学者们讨论了聋人在文化想象中的“隐形”(McDonald,D.2011)。“听力:关于耳聋和聋人的故事是如何讲述的。”博士diss。,格里菲斯大学)。针对文献的匮乏,本文考虑了创造性非虚构写作的独特潜力,以提供对“听觉线”——“聋人和听力之间的无形边界”的新的认识论理解(Krentz,C.2007)。《写作失聪:19世纪文学中的听力线》,美国:北卡罗来纳大学出版社,2)。我讨论了写回忆录的过程,书名为《你的感觉》,探讨了我与聋人祖父母的关系。通过参与家族历史和故事,这部作品为跨听力线的互动提供了一个窗口。我主张文学表征的价值,它破坏了对耳聋和听力的现有理解,利用家族历史和创造性的非虚构作品来生动地体验生活。本文通过对聋人研究哲学的介入,对医学界对耳聋的理解提出了质疑。
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引用次数: 0
Treading Warily into the Lives of Others 小心翼翼地介入别人的生活
IF 0.4 3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2022-09-18 DOI: 10.1080/14484528.2022.2120102
Karen Agutter
ABSTRACT Between 1947 and 1953 Australia accepted over 172,000 refugees from post-war Europe. Many of these displaced persons are now deceased and have left little record outside of their official presence in the archive. Although their life stories may live on within families, and occasionally in often unpublished memoirs, as individuals they are apt to disappear from the historian’s gaze. As an academic historian I increasingly find myself using family history methods to inform my broader historical research, reconstructing life stories of refugees and migrants, to fill the gaps and silences that exist once the archival record ends. Using examples from my research I will examine how family history methods help to provide a deeper understanding of the longer-term experiences of this migration and the policies which governed it. Furthermore, the use of family history websites for academic research is becoming increasingly popular and yet the legal and ethical constraints, to date, have received very little scholarly attention. This paper will also consider these, both from the point of view of the academic researcher, and from a personal perspective given that even those with public online family trees may not welcome our intrusion into what is ultimately, a very private space.
1947年至1953年间,澳大利亚接收了超过17.2万名来自战后欧洲的难民。这些流离失所者中有许多人现在已经去世,除了他们在档案中的正式存在之外,几乎没有留下任何记录。尽管他们的生活故事可能会在家庭中流传,偶尔也会出现在未出版的回忆录中,但作为个人,他们往往会从历史学家的视线中消失。作为一名学术历史学家,我越来越多地发现自己使用家族史方法来为我更广泛的历史研究提供信息,重建难民和移民的生活故事,以填补档案记录结束后存在的空白和沉默。我将以我的研究为例,研究家族史方法如何帮助我们更深入地了解这种移民的长期经历和管理它的政策。此外,使用家族史网站进行学术研究正变得越来越受欢迎,但迄今为止,法律和伦理限制很少受到学术关注。本文也将考虑这些问题,既从学术研究人员的角度,也从个人的角度考虑,因为即使是那些拥有公共在线家谱的人,也可能不欢迎我们侵入一个最终非常私人的空间。
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引用次数: 1
Suicide in Nazi Germany: Transformative Family History 纳粹德国的自杀:变革的家族史
IF 0.4 3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2022-09-18 DOI: 10.1080/14484528.2022.2119655
Jane Messer
ABSTRACT This article focuses on two lesser-known characteristics of German Jewish life during the Third Reich: the high rate of suicide amongst Jews and the extraordinary impediments to their migration. Beginning with memoir-narrative which centres on my Jewish father’s revelation that my grandmother and great-grandmother had committed suicide, the paper then outlines the reasons for and characteristics of suicide in Nazi Germany, and the phenomenon’s connection to the difficulties most Jews faced in attempting to leave Germany. I demonstrate the ways in which I have been able to reshape the family narratives told to me through historical and genealogical research, returning the given knowledge back. Researching these family and national tragedies have brought about new knowledge and transformative understandings.
摘要本文关注第三帝国时期德国犹太人生活的两个鲜为人知的特点:犹太人的高自杀率和移民的特殊障碍。论文从回忆录叙事开始,以我的犹太父亲揭露我的祖母和曾祖母自杀为中心,然后概述了纳粹德国自杀的原因和特征,以及这一现象与大多数犹太人在试图离开德国时面临的困难的联系。我展示了我能够通过历史和家谱研究重塑告诉我的家庭叙事的方式,将给定的知识回归。对这些家庭和国家悲剧的研究带来了新的认识和变革性的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Interrogating the Ethics and Intentions of Family Life Writing Relating to the Holocaust 质疑大屠杀家庭生活写作的伦理与意图
IF 0.4 3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2022-09-15 DOI: 10.1080/14484528.2022.2120847
Tess Scholfield-Peters
ABSTRACT The Holocaust and its representation are the subject of acute historical, academic and artistic study. The dominant channels of representation tend to perpetuate popularised narratives and fictionalise in ways that are often irresponsible and unethical, designed to captivate audiences at the expense of accuracy and respect for the trauma of victims. It is crucial that non-witnesses who seek to write about the Holocaust period interrogate the ethics of, and intentions for, their practice. In this paper I analyse my own experience as a third-generation writer—the grandchild of a survivor—and two case study texts: An Exclusive Love (2010) by Johanna Adorján, and A Certain Light (2018) by Cynthia Banham, to illustrate how writers at a three-generation remove from the Holocaust engage with their grandparents’ Holocaust story ethically. In these works of memoir, empathy and memory are problematised in relation to the Holocaust’s lingering presence in family narrative. Imaginative projection—derived from deep research, memory, and empathic response—functions in these memoirs as a bridging device between past and present. Such key characteristics as transparent and reflexive narrative voice, documented research process, and informed, imaginative projection are, I argue, exemplary of an ethical approach to family Holocaust history.
摘要大屠杀及其表现一直是历史、学术和艺术研究的主题。主流的表现渠道往往以不负责任和不道德的方式延续流行的叙事和虚构,旨在以牺牲准确性和对受害者创伤的尊重为代价来吸引观众。至关重要的是,那些试图写大屠杀时期的非证人要质疑他们的做法的道德和意图。在这篇论文中,我分析了我作为第三代作家的经历——一位幸存者的孙子——以及两篇案例研究文本:Johanna Adoján的《独家的爱》(2010)和Cynthia Banham的《特定的光》(2018),以说明三代远离大屠杀的作家如何合乎道德地参与他们祖父母的大屠杀故事。在这些回忆录作品中,移情和记忆与大屠杀在家庭叙事中挥之不去有关。想象投射——来源于深入的研究、记忆和移情反应——在这些回忆录中起着连接过去和现在的桥梁作用。我认为,透明和反射性的叙事声音、记录在案的研究过程以及知情、富有想象力的投射等关键特征是对家族大屠杀历史的伦理方法的典范。
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引用次数: 0
Dissonant Discourses: Evelyn Scott and Cyril Kay-Scott’s Experiences in Brazil (1914–1919) 不和谐的话语:伊芙琳·斯科特和西里尔·凯-斯科特在巴西的经历(1914-1919)
IF 0.4 3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2022-09-13 DOI: 10.1080/14484528.2022.2116762
Maria das Graças Salgado
ABSTRACT This article analyses the discourse of individuals who go through the same experience within the context of self-imposed exile. The subjects involved are the American writers Evelyn Scott (née Elsie Dunn, 1893–1963) and Cyril Kay-Scott (né Frederick Kreighton Wellman, 1874–1960). They scandalised their Southern society when, in 1913, they fled Louisiana and eloped to London and then Brazil with little money and no passports. Their experiences were extraordinary. After years of a semi-nomadic existence eking out a living in different parts of Brazil, the Scotts ended up in the country’s arid north-eastern backlands confronting isolation, poverty and near starvation. This work investigates the couple’s perception of the years they shared in the tropics. Carrying with them elite New Orleans values, how did they respond to the hardships of early twentieth-century Brazil? How did gender and emotion affect their daily lives and discourses about the same events? What specific events of their experiences were shared? Given that in different periods they wrote autobiographies about their lives in Brazil, the analysis is based on Evelyn Scott’s Escapade ([1923] 1995) and Cyril Kay-Scott’s Life is too short (1943). Results indicate that their survival in Brazil was unequally challenging, leading them to produce dissonant discourses.
摘要本文分析了在自我放逐的背景下经历同样经历的个体的话语。涉及的主题是美国作家伊夫林·斯科特(née Elsie Dunn,1893-1963)和西里尔·凯·斯科特(néFrederick Kreighton Wellman,1874-1960)。1913年,他们逃离路易斯安那州,带着很少的钱和护照私奔到伦敦,然后又私奔到巴西,这让他们的南方社会感到震惊。他们的经历非同寻常。在巴西不同地区谋生多年的半游牧生活之后,斯科特一家最终来到了该国干旱的东北部腹地,面临着孤立、贫困和近乎饥饿的局面。这项工作调查了这对夫妇对他们在热带共同生活的岁月的看法。带着新奥尔良的精英价值观,他们是如何应对20世纪初巴西的苦难的?性别和情感是如何影响他们的日常生活和对相同事件的讨论的?他们分享了哪些具体的经历?鉴于他们在不同时期都写过关于巴西生活的自传,分析基于伊夫林·斯科特的《逃亡》([1923]1995)和西里尔·凯·斯科特的《生命太短》(1943)。结果表明,他们在巴西的生存具有不平等的挑战性,导致他们产生了不和谐的话语。
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引用次数: 0
The Objects of Family History: Eliza Bennett's Straw Wedding Bonnet 家族史的对象:伊丽莎·班尼特的草编结婚帽
IF 0.4 3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2022-09-13 DOI: 10.1080/14484528.2022.2120172
Fiona McKergow
ABSTRACT Family historians can provide a crucial foundation for the analysis of historical objects held in museums. They contributed in significant ways to an object-based study I conducted on colonial textile culture in mid-nineteenth century Aotearoa New Zealand. Here, I use the example of a straw bonnet worn in 1863 by a first-generation bride from an English migrant family to the settlement of Te Whanganui-a-Tara/Wellington. It was handed down several generations before being donated to a regional museum in the 1970s. Who made it, how it was worn, and why it was kept, were by that time unknown fragments of family knowledge. Despite this, my analysis of the straw bonnet as a colonial object was enriched by family historians who were able to put a private, distributed family archive in conversation with related records held in the public domain. Fascinating manuscript material, self-published family histories, additional clothing and textile items, and priceless collections of glass plate negatives were brought to my attention. Through this case study, I suggest that the work of family historians is hidden in plain sight within academic and museological research practices.
家族历史学家可以为博物馆历史文物的分析提供重要的基础。他们对我在19世纪中期新西兰奥特罗阿进行的一项以实物为基础的殖民纺织文化研究做出了重要贡献。在这里,我举了一个例子,1863年,一位来自英国移民家庭的第一代新娘戴着一顶草帽,她来到了惠灵顿的泰旺加努伊塔拉(Te Whanganui-a-Tara)定居点。在20世纪70年代被捐赠给一家地区博物馆之前,它被传了几代人。谁制造了它,它是如何被磨损的,以及为什么要保存它,这些都是当时不为人知的家庭知识的碎片。尽管如此,家族历史学家丰富了我对草帽作为殖民地物品的分析,他们能够将私人的、分散的家族档案与公共领域的相关记录进行对话。引人入胜的手稿材料,自行出版的家族历史,额外的服装和纺织品,以及无价的玻璃板底片收藏引起了我的注意。通过这个案例研究,我认为家族历史学家的工作隐藏在学术和博物馆学研究实践中。
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引用次数: 0
Pulling out the Most Colourful Threads: Revealing and Weaving Positionality into Collaborative Life Writing 拉出最丰富多彩的线索:在合作生活写作中揭示和编织定位
IF 0.4 3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2022-09-13 DOI: 10.1080/14484528.2022.2120630
A. Piper, Samadhi Driscoll
ABSTRACT This article uses a collaboration between an academic historian and a family historian as a case study for the importance of acknowledging the role of authorial subjectivity within biographical life writing. In particular, it considers the different lenses – from feminist to familial – that can be used to view the rags-to-riches tale of Sydney fortune-teller Mary Scales (1863–1928). By foregrounding our own positionality towards the subject matter our hope is not to avoid subjectivity, but rather expose its influence in shaping our readings of the historical sources through which Mary’s life can be (partially) known.
摘要本文以一位学术历史学家和一位家庭历史学家的合作为例,探讨了承认作者主体性在传记生活写作中的作用的重要性。特别是,它考虑了不同的视角——从女权主义者到家庭——可以用来观看悉尼算命师玛丽·斯卡尔斯(1863-1928)的白手起家的故事。通过突出我们自己对主题的立场,我们希望不是避免主观性,而是暴露其对我们解读历史来源的影响,通过这些历史来源可以(部分)了解玛丽的生活。
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引用次数: 0
Writing the Lives of Ordinary People—Opportunities and Challenges 书写普通人的生活——机遇与挑战
IF 0.4 3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2022-09-12 DOI: 10.1080/14484528.2022.2120143
Alison Baxter
ABSTRACT This article explores my experience of undertaking a PhD in Creative Writing using as a starting point my own family history, with its inevitable gaps and unreliable memories. It outlines my reasons for adopting a hybrid structure that includes both fiction and nonfiction and situates the book that I subsequently published in the context of recent writing about the lives of so-called ordinary people by historians, biographers and autobiographers. I reflect on the feedback that I received on my work-in-progress from both historians and the writing community and suggest that their apparently contradictory recommendations to be either more emotional or more factual had the same underlying aim, to transform my writing into a recognisable genre that was not ‘just’ family history. The article describes briefly how self-publishing has democratised the publishing process and allowed me to remain true to my vision for my book. The recognition I have received as a writer about history leads me to hope that, similarly, collaboration between family historians and the academy can democratise the ways in which historical knowledge is acquired and disseminated.
摘要本文以我自己的家族史为起点,探讨了我获得创意写作博士学位的经历,其中不可避免的空白和不可靠的记忆。它概述了我采用小说和非小说混合结构的原因,并将我随后出版的这本书置于历史学家、传记作家和自传作家最近关于所谓普通人生活的写作背景下。我反思了历史学家和写作界对我正在进行的工作的反馈,并表示他们显然矛盾的建议,要么更感性,要么更真实,其根本目的是将我的写作转变为一种公认的流派,而不仅仅是“家族史”。这篇文章简要描述了自我出版是如何使出版过程民主化的,并使我能够忠于我对书的愿景。作为一名历史作家,我得到了认可,这让我希望,同样,家庭历史学家和学院之间的合作能够使历史知识的获取和传播方式民主化。
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引用次数: 0
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Life Writing
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