Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.46604/IJETI.2021.6891
Y. Yeo, Kin‐Sam Yen
As an important export, cleanliness control on edible bird’s nest (EBN) is paramount. Automatic impurities detection is in urgent need to replace manual practices. However, effective impurities detection algorithm is yet to be developed due to the unresolved inhomogeneous optical properties of EBN. The objective of this work is to develop a novel U-net based algorithm for accurate impurities detection. The algorithm leveraged the convolution mechanisms of U-net for precise and localized features extraction. Output probability tensors were then generated from the deconvolution layers for impurities detection and positioning. The U-net based algorithm outperformed previous image processing-based methods with a higher impurities detection rate of 96.69% and a lower misclassification rate of 10.08%. The applicability of the algorithm was further confirmed with a reasonably high dice coefficient of more than 0.8. In conclusion, the developed U-net based algorithm successfully mitigated intensity inhomogeneity in EBN and improved the impurities detection rate.
{"title":"Impurities Detection in Intensity Inhomogeneous Edible Bird’s Nest (EBN) Using a U-Net Deep Learning Model","authors":"Y. Yeo, Kin‐Sam Yen","doi":"10.46604/IJETI.2021.6891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/IJETI.2021.6891","url":null,"abstract":"As an important export, cleanliness control on edible bird’s nest (EBN) is paramount. Automatic impurities detection is in urgent need to replace manual practices. However, effective impurities detection algorithm is yet to be developed due to the unresolved inhomogeneous optical properties of EBN. The objective of this work is to develop a novel U-net based algorithm for accurate impurities detection. The algorithm leveraged the convolution mechanisms of U-net for precise and localized features extraction. Output probability tensors were then generated from the deconvolution layers for impurities detection and positioning. The U-net based algorithm outperformed previous image processing-based methods with a higher impurities detection rate of 96.69% and a lower misclassification rate of 10.08%. The applicability of the algorithm was further confirmed with a reasonably high dice coefficient of more than 0.8. In conclusion, the developed U-net based algorithm successfully mitigated intensity inhomogeneity in EBN and improved the impurities detection rate.","PeriodicalId":43808,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":"11 1","pages":"135-145"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44187607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.46604/IJETI.2021.6825
S. Ito, K. Ohara, Y. Hoshi, H. Oya, Shunya Nagai
This paper deals with a design problem of an adaptive gain robust controller which achieves consensus for multi-agent system (MAS) with uncertainties. In the proposed controller design approach, the relative position between the leader and followers are considered explicitly, and the proposed adaptive gain robust controller consisting of fixed gains and variable ones tuned by time-varying adjustable parameters can reduce the effect of uncertainties. In this paper, we show that sufficient conditions for the existence of the proposed adaptive gain robust controller are reduced to solvability of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed robust formation control system is verified by simple numerical simulations. A main result of this study is that the proposed adaptive gain robust controller can achieve consensus and formation control giving consideration to relative distance in spite of uncertainties.
{"title":"A Robust Formation Control Strategy for Multi-Agent Systems with Uncertainties via Adaptive Gain Robust Controllers","authors":"S. Ito, K. Ohara, Y. Hoshi, H. Oya, Shunya Nagai","doi":"10.46604/IJETI.2021.6825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/IJETI.2021.6825","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with a design problem of an adaptive gain robust controller which achieves consensus for multi-agent system (MAS) with uncertainties. In the proposed controller design approach, the relative position between the leader and followers are considered explicitly, and the proposed adaptive gain robust controller consisting of fixed gains and variable ones tuned by time-varying adjustable parameters can reduce the effect of uncertainties. In this paper, we show that sufficient conditions for the existence of the proposed adaptive gain robust controller are reduced to solvability of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed robust formation control system is verified by simple numerical simulations. A main result of this study is that the proposed adaptive gain robust controller can achieve consensus and formation control giving consideration to relative distance in spite of uncertainties.","PeriodicalId":43808,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":"11 1","pages":"71-87"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48741929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.46604/IJETI.2021.6925
S. Alshehri
This study proposes a new image compression technique that produces a high compression ratio yet consumes low execution times. Since many of the current image compression algorithms consume high execution times, this technique speeds up the execution time of image compression. The technique is based on permanent neural networks to predict the discrete cosine transform partial coefficients. This can eliminate the need to generate the discrete cosine transformation every time an image is compressed. A compression ratio of 94% is achieved while the average decompressed image peak signal to noise ratio and structure similarity image measure are 22.25 and 0.65 respectively. The compression time can be neglected when compared to other reported techniques because the only needed process in the compression stage is to use the generated neural network model to predict the few discrete cosine transform coefficients.
{"title":"Image Compression Using Permanent Neural Networks for Predicting Compact Discrete Cosine Transform Coefficients","authors":"S. Alshehri","doi":"10.46604/IJETI.2021.6925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/IJETI.2021.6925","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes a new image compression technique that produces a high compression ratio yet consumes low execution times. Since many of the current image compression algorithms consume high execution times, this technique speeds up the execution time of image compression. The technique is based on permanent neural networks to predict the discrete cosine transform partial coefficients. This can eliminate the need to generate the discrete cosine transformation every time an image is compressed. A compression ratio of 94% is achieved while the average decompressed image peak signal to noise ratio and structure similarity image measure are 22.25 and 0.65 respectively. The compression time can be neglected when compared to other reported techniques because the only needed process in the compression stage is to use the generated neural network model to predict the few discrete cosine transform coefficients.","PeriodicalId":43808,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":"11 1","pages":"122-134"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45820430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.46604/IJETI.2021.6821
Suvajit Roy, Tapas Kumar Paul, Saikat Maiti, R. Pal
The objective of this study is to present four new universal biquad filters, two voltage-mode multi-input-single-output (MISO), and two current-mode single-input-multi-output (SIMO). The filters employ one voltage differencing current conveyor (VDCC) as an active element and two capacitors along with two resistors as passive elements. All the five filter responses, i.e., high-pass, low-pass, band-pass, band-stop, and all-pass responses, are obtained from the same circuit topology. Moreover, the pole frequency and quality factor are independently tunable. Additionally, they do not require any double/inverted input signals for response realization. Furthermore, they enjoy low active and passive sensitivities. Various regular analyses support the design ideas. The functionality of the presented filters are tested by PSPICE simulations using TSMC 0.18 μm technology parameters with ± 0.9 V supply voltage. The circuits are also justified experimentally by creating the VDCC block using commercially available OPA860 ICs. The experimental and simulation results agree well with the theoretically predicted results.
{"title":"Voltage Differencing Current Conveyor Based Voltage-Mode and Current-Mode Universal Biquad Filters with Electronic Tuning Facility","authors":"Suvajit Roy, Tapas Kumar Paul, Saikat Maiti, R. Pal","doi":"10.46604/IJETI.2021.6821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/IJETI.2021.6821","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to present four new universal biquad filters, two voltage-mode multi-input-single-output (MISO), and two current-mode single-input-multi-output (SIMO). The filters employ one voltage differencing current conveyor (VDCC) as an active element and two capacitors along with two resistors as passive elements. All the five filter responses, i.e., high-pass, low-pass, band-pass, band-stop, and all-pass responses, are obtained from the same circuit topology. Moreover, the pole frequency and quality factor are independently tunable. Additionally, they do not require any double/inverted input signals for response realization. Furthermore, they enjoy low active and passive sensitivities. Various regular analyses support the design ideas. The functionality of the presented filters are tested by PSPICE simulations using TSMC 0.18 μm technology parameters with ± 0.9 V supply voltage. The circuits are also justified experimentally by creating the VDCC block using commercially available OPA860 ICs. The experimental and simulation results agree well with the theoretically predicted results.","PeriodicalId":43808,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":"11 1","pages":"146-160"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46106534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.46604/IJETI.2021.6094
Amin Siddiq Sumi, H. A. Nugroho, Rudy Hartanto
Plasmodium parasite is the main cause of malaria which has taken many lives. Some research works have been conducted to detect the Plasmodium parasite automatically. This research aims to identify the development of current research in the area of Plasmodium parasite detection. The research uses a systematic literature review (SLR) approach comprising three stages, namely planning, conducting, and reporting. The search process is based on the keywords which were determined in advance. The selection process involves the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The search yields 45 literatures from five different digital libraries. The identification process finds out that 28 methods are applied and mainly categorizes as machine learning algorithms with performance achievements between 60% and 95%. Overall, the research of Plasmodium parasite detection today has focused on the development with artificial intelligence specifically related to machine and deep learning. These approaches are believed as the most effective approach to detect Plasmodium parasites.
{"title":"A Systematic Review on Automatic Detection of Plasmodium Parasite","authors":"Amin Siddiq Sumi, H. A. Nugroho, Rudy Hartanto","doi":"10.46604/IJETI.2021.6094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/IJETI.2021.6094","url":null,"abstract":"Plasmodium parasite is the main cause of malaria which has taken many lives. Some research works have been conducted to detect the Plasmodium parasite automatically. This research aims to identify the development of current research in the area of Plasmodium parasite detection. The research uses a systematic literature review (SLR) approach comprising three stages, namely planning, conducting, and reporting. The search process is based on the keywords which were determined in advance. The selection process involves the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The search yields 45 literatures from five different digital libraries. The identification process finds out that 28 methods are applied and mainly categorizes as machine learning algorithms with performance achievements between 60% and 95%. Overall, the research of Plasmodium parasite detection today has focused on the development with artificial intelligence specifically related to machine and deep learning. These approaches are believed as the most effective approach to detect Plasmodium parasites.","PeriodicalId":43808,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":"11 1","pages":"103-121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48176552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-20DOI: 10.46604/IJETI.2021.6174
R. Isnanto, A. F. Rochim, D. Eridani, Guntur Cahyono
This study aims to build a face recognition prototype that can recognize multiple face objects within one frame. The proposed method uses a local binary pattern histogram and Haar cascade classifier on low-resolution images. The lowest data resolution used in this study was 76 × 76 pixels and the highest was 156 × 156 pixels. The face images were preprocessed using the histogram equalization and median filtering. The face recognition prototype proposed successfully recognized four face objects in one frame. The results obtained were comparable for local and real-time stream video data for testing. The RR obtained with the local data test was 99.67%, which indicates better performance in recognizing 75 frames for each object, compared to the 92.67% RR for the realtime data stream. In comparison to the results obtained in previous works, it can be concluded that the proposed method yields the highest RR of 99.67%.
{"title":"Multi-Object Face Recognition Using Local Binary Pattern Histogram and Haar Cascade Classifier on Low-Resolution Images","authors":"R. Isnanto, A. F. Rochim, D. Eridani, Guntur Cahyono","doi":"10.46604/IJETI.2021.6174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/IJETI.2021.6174","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to build a face recognition prototype that can recognize multiple face objects within one frame. The proposed method uses a local binary pattern histogram and Haar cascade classifier on low-resolution images. The lowest data resolution used in this study was 76 × 76 pixels and the highest was 156 × 156 pixels. The face images were preprocessed using the histogram equalization and median filtering. The face recognition prototype proposed successfully recognized four face objects in one frame. The results obtained were comparable for local and real-time stream video data for testing. The RR obtained with the local data test was 99.67%, which indicates better performance in recognizing 75 frames for each object, compared to the 92.67% RR for the realtime data stream. In comparison to the results obtained in previous works, it can be concluded that the proposed method yields the highest RR of 99.67%.","PeriodicalId":43808,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":"11 1","pages":"45-58"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47894416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-20DOI: 10.46604/IJETI.2021.6660
D. Nguyen, Viet Quoc Dang
In this work, a theoretical approach is proposed for estimating the minimum and maximum reinforcement ratios for hybrid glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP)/steel-reinforced concrete beams to prevent sudden and brittle failure as well as the compression failure of concrete before the tension failure of reinforcements. Equilibrium equations were used to develop a method for determining the minimum hybrid GFRP/steel reinforcement ratio. A method for determining the maximum hybrid GFRP/steel reinforcement ratio was also developed based on the equilibrium of forces of the balanced failure mode. For estimating the load-carrying capacity of concrete beams reinforced with hybrid GFRP/steel, less than the minimum and more than the maximum reinforcement ratio is recommended. Comparisons between the proposed expressions, experimental data, and available test results in the literature shows good agreement between the theoretical and experimental data, with a maximum discrepancy of 7%.
{"title":"Limiting Reinforcement Ratios for Hybrid GFRP/Steel Reinforced Concrete Beams","authors":"D. Nguyen, Viet Quoc Dang","doi":"10.46604/IJETI.2021.6660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/IJETI.2021.6660","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a theoretical approach is proposed for estimating the minimum and maximum reinforcement ratios for hybrid glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP)/steel-reinforced concrete beams to prevent sudden and brittle failure as well as the compression failure of concrete before the tension failure of reinforcements. Equilibrium equations were used to develop a method for determining the minimum hybrid GFRP/steel reinforcement ratio. A method for determining the maximum hybrid GFRP/steel reinforcement ratio was also developed based on the equilibrium of forces of the balanced failure mode. For estimating the load-carrying capacity of concrete beams reinforced with hybrid GFRP/steel, less than the minimum and more than the maximum reinforcement ratio is recommended. Comparisons between the proposed expressions, experimental data, and available test results in the literature shows good agreement between the theoretical and experimental data, with a maximum discrepancy of 7%.","PeriodicalId":43808,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":"11 1","pages":"01-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46712226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-20DOI: 10.46604/IJETI.2021.5019
Srinivasa Rao Naraganti
Sisal has been reported as one of the promising fibers for cement composite applications. The durability of sisal fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) and steel sisal fiber reinforced concrete (SSFRC) have not been reported. Water absorption, rapid chloride permeability, and acid attack tests are conducted on fibrous cement composites. Steel, polypropylene, and sisal fibers with a total volume of 0.50%, 1.00%, 1.25%, and 1.50% were used. Sisal at a content of 1.50% in SFRC increases the water absorption by 76%, but it is reduced to 30% for SSFRC with 0.2% of sisal content. SFRC and SSFRC show the increased permeability of 1.69% and 2.09% respectively. SFRC experiences the highest volume loss of 6.52%. SSFRC illustrates the resistance to the mass loss and compressive strength loss. In conclusion, untreated sisal in any form is found to be not advantageous for durable fibrous concrete structures.
{"title":"Durability Study of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete","authors":"Srinivasa Rao Naraganti","doi":"10.46604/IJETI.2021.5019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/IJETI.2021.5019","url":null,"abstract":"Sisal has been reported as one of the promising fibers for cement composite applications. The durability of sisal fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) and steel sisal fiber reinforced concrete (SSFRC) have not been reported. Water absorption, rapid chloride permeability, and acid attack tests are conducted on fibrous cement composites. Steel, polypropylene, and sisal fibers with a total volume of 0.50%, 1.00%, 1.25%, and 1.50% were used. Sisal at a content of 1.50% in SFRC increases the water absorption by 76%, but it is reduced to 30% for SSFRC with 0.2% of sisal content. SFRC and SSFRC show the increased permeability of 1.69% and 2.09% respectively. SFRC experiences the highest volume loss of 6.52%. SSFRC illustrates the resistance to the mass loss and compressive strength loss. In conclusion, untreated sisal in any form is found to be not advantageous for durable fibrous concrete structures.","PeriodicalId":43808,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":"11 1","pages":"59-69"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46133817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-20DOI: 10.46604/IJETI.2020.5676
R. Senthil, Arvind Chezian, Zackir Hussain Ajmal Arsath
This work aims to compare the cavity surface contour’s thermal performance to that of the solar absorber’s plain surface contour for Scheffler type parabolic dish collectors. The absorber is tested for the temperature range up to 600°C without working fluid and 180°C with the working fluid. The modified absorber surface's thermal performance is compared with the flat surface absorber with and without heat transfer fluid. The peak temperature reached by the surface modified absorber (534°C) is about 8.6% more than that of the unmodified absorber (492°C) during an outdoor test without fluid. The energy efficiency of cavity surface absorber and plain surface absorber are 67.65% and 61.84%, respectively. The contoured cavity surface produces a more uniform temperature distribution and a higher heat absorption rate than the plain surface. The results are beneficial to the design of high-temperature solar absorbers for concentrated solar collectors.
{"title":"Heat Transfer Augmentation of Concentrated Solar Absorber Using Modified Surface Contour","authors":"R. Senthil, Arvind Chezian, Zackir Hussain Ajmal Arsath","doi":"10.46604/IJETI.2020.5676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/IJETI.2020.5676","url":null,"abstract":"This work aims to compare the cavity surface contour’s thermal performance to that of the solar absorber’s plain surface contour for Scheffler type parabolic dish collectors. The absorber is tested for the temperature range up to 600°C without working fluid and 180°C with the working fluid. The modified absorber surface's thermal performance is compared with the flat surface absorber with and without heat transfer fluid. The peak temperature reached by the surface modified absorber (534°C) is about 8.6% more than that of the unmodified absorber (492°C) during an outdoor test without fluid. The energy efficiency of cavity surface absorber and plain surface absorber are 67.65% and 61.84%, respectively. The contoured cavity surface produces a more uniform temperature distribution and a higher heat absorption rate than the plain surface. The results are beneficial to the design of high-temperature solar absorbers for concentrated solar collectors.","PeriodicalId":43808,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41550244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-20DOI: 10.46604/IJETI.2021.6376
W. Abdulwahab, A. Kadhim
Polar codes have already been adopted in 5G systems to improve error performance. Successive cancellation list (SCL) decoding is usually used at the decoder and involves lengthy processing. Therefore, different methods have been developed to reduce an SCL decoder’s complexity. In this paper, a reduced path successive cancellation list (RP-SCL) decoder is presented to reduce this complexity, where some decoding paths are pruned. The pruning is achieved by using three different thresholds: two for the path metric and one for the pruning depth in the decoding tree. An optimization procedure is considered to determine the optimum settings for these thresholds. The simulation tests are carried out over models of an additive white Gaussian noise channel and a fading channel by using 5G environments. The results reveal that the proposed RP-SCL decoder provides the complexity reduction in terms of the average number of processed paths at high SNR. Additionally, the computational complexity and the memory requirements decrease.
{"title":"Reduced Path Successive Cancellation List Decoding for Polar Codes","authors":"W. Abdulwahab, A. Kadhim","doi":"10.46604/IJETI.2021.6376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/IJETI.2021.6376","url":null,"abstract":"Polar codes have already been adopted in 5G systems to improve error performance. Successive cancellation list (SCL) decoding is usually used at the decoder and involves lengthy processing. Therefore, different methods have been developed to reduce an SCL decoder’s complexity. In this paper, a reduced path successive cancellation list (RP-SCL) decoder is presented to reduce this complexity, where some decoding paths are pruned. The pruning is achieved by using three different thresholds: two for the path metric and one for the pruning depth in the decoding tree. An optimization procedure is considered to determine the optimum settings for these thresholds. The simulation tests are carried out over models of an additive white Gaussian noise channel and a fading channel by using 5G environments. The results reveal that the proposed RP-SCL decoder provides the complexity reduction in terms of the average number of processed paths at high SNR. Additionally, the computational complexity and the memory requirements decrease.","PeriodicalId":43808,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":"11 1","pages":"12-23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44038225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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