172 Alimentary tract duplications are rare anomalies found in one out of every 4500 autopsies1. Usually, the duplication has variable symptoms, location and size. The origin of such anomaly remains unknown2. Fitz recognized the condition as intestinal duplication in 1884. Ladd in 1930 described the three essential features of esophageal duplication as follows: internal lining similar to alimentary tract; having smooth muscle layer; and proximity to a part of the alimentary tract3. The duplications are usually located on the mesenteric border1.
{"title":"Rare Cause of Dysphagia in Children","authors":"H. Ahmed, Z. Skef, M. Corbally","doi":"10.12816/0047636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12816/0047636","url":null,"abstract":"172 Alimentary tract duplications are rare anomalies found in one out of every 4500 autopsies1. Usually, the duplication has variable symptoms, location and size. The origin of such anomaly remains unknown2. Fitz recognized the condition as intestinal duplication in 1884. Ladd in 1930 described the three essential features of esophageal duplication as follows: internal lining similar to alimentary tract; having smooth muscle layer; and proximity to a part of the alimentary tract3. The duplications are usually located on the mesenteric border1.","PeriodicalId":43814,"journal":{"name":"Bahrain Medical Bulletin","volume":"39 1","pages":"172-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42699638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Examination of the face showed papules and pustules on both cheeks and central forehead, see figure 1 (A). Best corrected visual acuity was 6/7.5 OD and 6/9 OS, respectively. The patient was having inflamed chalazion in her right upper eyelid, with diffuse conjunctival and ciliary congestion in her left eye, see figure 1 (B and C). Slit lamp examination revealed severe blepharitis, meibomitis with flakes around lashes in all four lids, see figure 2. There was superficial punctuate keratitis in both eyes with pannus in the left eye and corneal infiltrates, see figure 3. Education-Family Physician Corner
{"title":"Recurrent Chalazia Revealing an Ocular Rosacea in a Child","authors":"W. Wagih, Abdulla Almoosa, H. B. Ayed","doi":"10.12816/0047635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12816/0047635","url":null,"abstract":"Examination of the face showed papules and pustules on both cheeks and central forehead, see figure 1 (A). Best corrected visual acuity was 6/7.5 OD and 6/9 OS, respectively. The patient was having inflamed chalazion in her right upper eyelid, with diffuse conjunctival and ciliary congestion in her left eye, see figure 1 (B and C). Slit lamp examination revealed severe blepharitis, meibomitis with flakes around lashes in all four lids, see figure 2. There was superficial punctuate keratitis in both eyes with pannus in the left eye and corneal infiltrates, see figure 3. Education-Family Physician Corner","PeriodicalId":43814,"journal":{"name":"Bahrain Medical Bulletin","volume":"39 1","pages":"169-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49194150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
165 Keratoconus is a non-inflammatory ectatic disease. The prevalence of keratoconus varies with location, population, ethnicity, environmental factors and diagnostic criteria1,2. Penetrating keratoplasty (PK) is the most common type of corneal transplant3. Approximately 20% of normal-risk corneal transplants experience an episode of acute rejection4. Management of keratoconus varies with disease severity. Topical steroids are effective in the prophylaxis against immune reactions observed after PK5.
{"title":"Calcineurin Inhibitor in Corneal Transplantation","authors":"A. Alamri","doi":"10.12816/0047760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12816/0047760","url":null,"abstract":"165 Keratoconus is a non-inflammatory ectatic disease. The prevalence of keratoconus varies with location, population, ethnicity, environmental factors and diagnostic criteria1,2. Penetrating keratoplasty (PK) is the most common type of corneal transplant3. Approximately 20% of normal-risk corneal transplants experience an episode of acute rejection4. Management of keratoconus varies with disease severity. Topical steroids are effective in the prophylaxis against immune reactions observed after PK5.","PeriodicalId":43814,"journal":{"name":"Bahrain Medical Bulletin","volume":"39 1","pages":"165-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44434110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
146 Diabetes mellitus (DM) is becoming a global epidemic. Type 2 DM is the most common type of diabetes. Several studies found that, with time, most patients would eventually need insulin therapy as a treatment to control their blood sugar1,2. Early intervention is essential to control hyperglycemia and prevent or delay microvascular or macrovascular complications; insulin stands in the forefront in diabetes management3-5.
{"title":"Lipohypertrophy among Insulin - Treated Patients","authors":"J. Nasser, F. Hammad, A. Omran","doi":"10.12816/0047629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12816/0047629","url":null,"abstract":"146 Diabetes mellitus (DM) is becoming a global epidemic. Type 2 DM is the most common type of diabetes. Several studies found that, with time, most patients would eventually need insulin therapy as a treatment to control their blood sugar1,2. Early intervention is essential to control hyperglycemia and prevent or delay microvascular or macrovascular complications; insulin stands in the forefront in diabetes management3-5.","PeriodicalId":43814,"journal":{"name":"Bahrain Medical Bulletin","volume":"39 1","pages":"146-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48632426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
175 LCH is a rare disease affecting predominantly children and young adults. LCH is considered a neoplasm of the mononuclear phagocytic immunoregulatory system. It is characterized by clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells (LCs). LCH has three categories: eosinophilic granuloma (solitary and most common), Hand-Schuller-Christian disease (multifocal unisystem form) and Letterer-Siwe syndrome (multifocal multisystem form)1,2. The diagnostic cytological features of LCH include high cellularity composed of sheets of characteristic Langerhans cell with large kidney-shaped nuclei admixed with eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes.
{"title":"Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis on Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology","authors":"S. Shaikh, Eman Al Jufairi, Rabab Al Khayyat","doi":"10.12816/0047637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12816/0047637","url":null,"abstract":"175 LCH is a rare disease affecting predominantly children and young adults. LCH is considered a neoplasm of the mononuclear phagocytic immunoregulatory system. It is characterized by clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells (LCs). LCH has three categories: eosinophilic granuloma (solitary and most common), Hand-Schuller-Christian disease (multifocal unisystem form) and Letterer-Siwe syndrome (multifocal multisystem form)1,2. The diagnostic cytological features of LCH include high cellularity composed of sheets of characteristic Langerhans cell with large kidney-shaped nuclei admixed with eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes.","PeriodicalId":43814,"journal":{"name":"Bahrain Medical Bulletin","volume":"39 1","pages":"175-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44694119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An eighty-three-year-old male with a known case of gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma presented with persistent vomiting and chest pain even after esophageal stent was inserted. Esophageal scintigraphy was performed to assess the esophagus motility. A 9995 micro-Curi Tc-99 m sulfur colloid with 15 ml water as bolus was used; immediately thereafter sequential dynamic images for the chest region in anterior projection were performed: one second per frame for 60 seconds, followed by 30 seconds per frame for 10 minutes while the patient took multiple dry swallows every 30 seconds. Images were compressed and displayed in five seconds per frame for initial 60-second images followed by two minutes per frame for the remaining 10-minute dynamic study. Timeactivity curve for the whole esophagus and each of its upper, middle and lower thirds were generated.
{"title":"Esophageal Transit Time Scintigraphy in the Assessment of the Esophagus Motility","authors":"Tareq Hamed Al Taei, S. Aly, A. Fawzy","doi":"10.12816/0047640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12816/0047640","url":null,"abstract":"An eighty-three-year-old male with a known case of gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma presented with persistent vomiting and chest pain even after esophageal stent was inserted. Esophageal scintigraphy was performed to assess the esophagus motility. A 9995 micro-Curi Tc-99 m sulfur colloid with 15 ml water as bolus was used; immediately thereafter sequential dynamic images for the chest region in anterior projection were performed: one second per frame for 60 seconds, followed by 30 seconds per frame for 10 minutes while the patient took multiple dry swallows every 30 seconds. Images were compressed and displayed in five seconds per frame for initial 60-second images followed by two minutes per frame for the remaining 10-minute dynamic study. Timeactivity curve for the whole esophagus and each of its upper, middle and lower thirds were generated.","PeriodicalId":43814,"journal":{"name":"Bahrain Medical Bulletin","volume":"39 1","pages":"181-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43964363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Rate and Reasons for Discharge against Medical Advice","authors":"A. Elshehry, Mona Ahmed Hassan, Raja Fahad Jawaid","doi":"10.12816/0047628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12816/0047628","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43814,"journal":{"name":"Bahrain Medical Bulletin","volume":"39 1","pages":"140-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47273324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
154 The rate of Cesarean section (CS) has increased worldwide; in England, CS rate has increased from 9% in 1980 to 21% in 201216. In addition, there is a wide variation in the rate of CS between countries and even within the same country1-8. That could be explained by advancing maternal age at first pregnancy, repeat CS, malpresentation (mainly breech), multiple gestations and performing CS upon maternal request7,9.
{"title":"Rising Cesarean Sections Rate","authors":"N. Mahmood, K. Sharif, Ayesha Sharif","doi":"10.12816/0047631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12816/0047631","url":null,"abstract":"154 The rate of Cesarean section (CS) has increased worldwide; in England, CS rate has increased from 9% in 1980 to 21% in 201216. In addition, there is a wide variation in the rate of CS between countries and even within the same country1-8. That could be explained by advancing maternal age at first pregnancy, repeat CS, malpresentation (mainly breech), multiple gestations and performing CS upon maternal request7,9.","PeriodicalId":43814,"journal":{"name":"Bahrain Medical Bulletin","volume":"39 1","pages":"154-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46982713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A six-year-old girl who was previously healthy presented to the emergency room with two-days history of reduced level of consciousness. The family reported one episode of generalized tonic-clonic convulsion associated with eye up-rolling, frothy secretions from the mouth and urinary incontinence lasting few minutes; the attack was terminated after 10 mg Diazepam injection. The patient had upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) viral illness one week before her clinical presentation.
{"title":"Acute Encephalopathy in a Healthy 6-Year-Old","authors":"F. Fakhroo, R. H. Jadah","doi":"10.12816/0047639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12816/0047639","url":null,"abstract":"A six-year-old girl who was previously healthy presented to the emergency room with two-days history of reduced level of consciousness. The family reported one episode of generalized tonic-clonic convulsion associated with eye up-rolling, frothy secretions from the mouth and urinary incontinence lasting few minutes; the attack was terminated after 10 mg Diazepam injection. The patient had upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) viral illness one week before her clinical presentation.","PeriodicalId":43814,"journal":{"name":"Bahrain Medical Bulletin","volume":"39 1","pages":"179-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43347297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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