Pub Date : 2024-09-16DOI: 10.1017/s0959269524000152
Marta Saiz-Sánchez
The aim of this study is to track the evolution in the use of the markers nenny, non + verb (non fait ‘no, it doesn’t’) and non in its absolute use between the middle of the 15th century and the end of the 18th. In Middle French, non already covers all the uses of the old markers nenny and non fait, but it remains in the minority. In Pre-Classical French (1550–1650), the frequency of nenny and non fait decreases considerably and, in Classical French (1650–1789), they become archaic. In the mid-17th century, non definitively assumes the functions of the medieval markers, which disappeared. The analysis of the temporal distribution of these markers helps to date the transition from ancient to modern uses. Several studies of phonetic, morphological and syntactic phenomena have also aimed to date the turning point between the medieval and the “classical” language, which occurs during the so-called “pre-classical” period. This research also seeks to contribute to the debate on the position of the boundary between Pre-Classical and Classical French on the basis of pragmatic criteria. The results support placing this boundary within the decade 1620–1630, as other studies did for morphosyntactic phenomena.
本研究的目的是追踪 15 世纪中叶至 18 世纪末期间标记词 nenny、non + 动词（non fait "不，没有"）和 non 的绝对用法的演变。在中古法语中，non 已经涵盖了旧标记词 nenny 和 non fait 的所有用法，但仍属于少数。在前古典法语（1550-1650 年）中，"nenny "和 "non fait "的使用频率大大降低，而在古典法语（1650-1789 年）中，这两个词已经过时。在 17 世纪中叶，"非 "明确承担了中世纪标记词的功能，并逐渐消失。对这些标记的时间分布进行分析有助于确定从古代到现代的过渡时间。对语音、形态和句法现象的一些研究也旨在确定中世纪语言和 "古典 "语言之间转折点的时间，即所谓的 "前古典 "时期。本研究还试图在语用标准的基础上，为关于前古典法语和古典法语之间界限位置的争论做出贡献。研究结果支持将这一界限置于 1620-1630 十年间，正如其他研究对形态句法现象所做的那样。
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Pub Date : 2024-05-31DOI: 10.1017/s0959269524000127
Sabine Leis
Résumé Dans le présent article, nous proposons une analyse de la mise en scènes de la (non-)réalisation du ne de négation et du il impersonnel dans un corpus de onze bandes dessinées de l’auteur franco-syrien Riad Sattouf. Notre objectif est double: d’une part, il s’agit de confronter cette mise en scène aux résultats des études de corpus oraux et, d’autre part, nous voulons la situer par rapport aux résultats d’autres études sur la mise en scène de l’oralité dans la bande dessinée. Pour ce faire, nous examinons des variables internes (p. ex. le type du forclusif ou les verbes impersonnels) et externes (p. ex. l’âge du personnage) et catégorisons nos résultats selon le modèle de proximité et de distance communicatives de Koch/Oesterreicher (22011). Le corpus utilisé se compose de toutes les bandes dessinées hors-série et d’une bande dessinée par série de Sattouf publiées entre 2003 et 2021. Notre article montre qu’il existe des similitudes entre la mise en scène sattoufienne et les pratiques orales au niveau des variables internes. Nous constatons cependant de grandes différences en ce qui concerne la variation de la (non-)réalisation du ne et du il en fonction des variables externes.
摘要 在本文中，我们对法国-叙利亚作家里亚德-萨托夫 (Riad Sattouf) 的十一部连环画语料库中（非）实现否定 ne 和非人格 il 的分期进行了分析。我们的目的有两个：首先，将这种分期与口语语料库的研究结果进行比较；其次，将其与其他关于漫画中口语分期的研究结果进行比较。为此，我们研究了内部变量（如包容性动词或非人格动词的类型）和外部变量（如角色的年龄），并根据 Koch/Oesterreicher (22011) 的交际亲疏模型对研究结果进行了分类。所使用的语料库包括萨托夫在 2003 年至 2021 年间出版的所有非系列漫画和每个系列的一部漫画。我们的文章显示，在内部变量方面，萨托夫的场景和口头实践有相似之处。然而，我们发现，在外部变量的作用下，ne 和 il 的（非）实现方式的变化存在重大差异。
{"title":"« Faut pas faire ça meuf ! » – La (non-)réalisation du ne de négation et du il impersonnel dans les bandes dessinées de Riad Sattouf","authors":"Sabine Leis","doi":"10.1017/s0959269524000127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0959269524000127","url":null,"abstract":"Résumé Dans le présent article, nous proposons une analyse de la mise en scènes de la (non-)réalisation du <jats:italic>ne</jats:italic> de négation et du <jats:italic>il</jats:italic> impersonnel dans un corpus de onze bandes dessinées de l’auteur franco-syrien Riad Sattouf. Notre objectif est double: d’une part, il s’agit de confronter cette mise en scène aux résultats des études de corpus oraux et, d’autre part, nous voulons la situer par rapport aux résultats d’autres études sur la mise en scène de l’oralité dans la bande dessinée. Pour ce faire, nous examinons des variables internes (p. ex. le type du forclusif ou les verbes impersonnels) et externes (p. ex. l’âge du personnage) et catégorisons nos résultats selon le modèle de proximité et de distance communicatives de Koch/Oesterreicher (<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>2011). Le corpus utilisé se compose de toutes les bandes dessinées hors-série et d’une bande dessinée par série de Sattouf publiées entre 2003 et 2021. Notre article montre qu’il existe des similitudes entre la mise en scène sattoufienne et les pratiques orales au niveau des variables internes. Nous constatons cependant de grandes différences en ce qui concerne la variation de la (non-)réalisation du <jats:italic>ne</jats:italic> et du <jats:italic>il</jats:italic> en fonction des variables externes.","PeriodicalId":43930,"journal":{"name":"Journal of French Language Studies","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141190626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-30DOI: 10.1017/s0959269524000103
Davy Bigot, Robert Papen
This research focuses on the dissidence of Michif French, an endangered variety of Laurentian French spoken by a number of Métis in Western Canada. We examine the vernacular use of [tʊt] (tout/tous ‘all, every’) in a corpus of around 50 interviews collected in the Métis community of St. Laurent, Manitoba, in the 1980s. On the one hand, the internal analysis supports the hypothesis that it is related to the other varieties of Laurentian French. On the other hand, the external data reveal that [tʊt] is widely used, confirming the highly vernacular character of Michif French compared to the other varieties. Finally, the analysis of several interview extracts illustrates that the intensive use of vernacular variants acts as an identity marker, enabling speakers to lay claim not only to their culture, but also to a language they consider distinct from that of other French speakers.
{"title":"A variationist study of /tʊt/ in Michif French","authors":"Davy Bigot, Robert Papen","doi":"10.1017/s0959269524000103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0959269524000103","url":null,"abstract":"This research focuses on the dissidence of Michif French, an endangered variety of Laurentian French spoken by a number of Métis in Western Canada. We examine the vernacular use of [tʊt] (<jats:italic>tout</jats:italic>/<jats:italic>tous</jats:italic> ‘all, every’) in a corpus of around 50 interviews collected in the Métis community of St. Laurent, Manitoba, in the 1980s. On the one hand, the internal analysis supports the hypothesis that it is related to the other varieties of Laurentian French. On the other hand, the external data reveal that [tʊt] is widely used, confirming the highly vernacular character of Michif French compared to the other varieties. Finally, the analysis of several interview extracts illustrates that the intensive use of vernacular variants acts as an identity marker, enabling speakers to lay claim not only to their culture, but also to a language they consider distinct from that of other French speakers.","PeriodicalId":43930,"journal":{"name":"Journal of French Language Studies","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140838445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-27DOI: 10.1017/s095926952400005x
Gudrun Ledegen
Although not studied by the generative approach (Shlonsky 2017), the embedded Wh- in situ clause nevertheless belongs to the French language spoken in a large amount of areas, and, we believe, to “français tout court” (Blanche-Benveniste & Jeanjean 1987): until now, it has mainly been studied in Quebec (Lefebvre & Maisonneuve 1982; Blondeau & Ledegen 2021) and in Reunion Island (Ledegen 2007a, 2007b, 2007c, 2016; Ledegen & Martin 2020), but it has recently been massively attested in the Multicultural Paris French project in the suburbs of Paris (Gardner-Chloros & Secova 2018) and Strasbourg (Marchessou 2018). These new data could be read as a language contact, as a recent linguistic change, or as a long-established “popular” structure (Guiraud 1966), different analytical hypotheses that will be detailed in this study. These recent data also argue in favour of the methodology of ecological corpora, obtained within the framework of a strong acquaintanceship and located at the pole of communicative proximity (Koch & Oesterreicher 2001). The examination of various existing corpora will reveal the structural functioning of the structure and contrast the corpora following the modes of interaction, the oral or written medium, as well as on the chronological axis.
{"title":"Proposal of article for Special Issue L’interrogative in situ: Aspects formels, pragmatiques et variationnels: The embedded Wh- in situ clause: French tout court? Les spasmes musculaires incontrôlés, je sais pas c’est quoi (France Info 20/10/21)","authors":"Gudrun Ledegen","doi":"10.1017/s095926952400005x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s095926952400005x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although not studied by the generative approach (Shlonsky 2017), the embedded <span>Wh</span>- <span>in situ</span> clause nevertheless belongs to the French language spoken in a large amount of areas, and, we believe, to “français tout court” (Blanche-Benveniste & Jeanjean 1987): until now, it has mainly been studied in Quebec (Lefebvre & Maisonneuve 1982; Blondeau & Ledegen 2021) and in Reunion Island (Ledegen 2007a, 2007b, 2007c, 2016; Ledegen & Martin 2020), but it has recently been massively attested in the Multicultural Paris French project in the suburbs of Paris (Gardner-Chloros & Secova 2018) and Strasbourg (Marchessou 2018). These new data could be read as a language contact, as a recent linguistic change, or as a long-established “popular” structure (Guiraud 1966), different analytical hypotheses that will be detailed in this study. These recent data also argue in favour of the methodology of ecological corpora, obtained within the framework of a strong acquaintanceship and located at the pole of communicative proximity (Koch & Oesterreicher 2001). The examination of various existing corpora will reveal the structural functioning of the structure and contrast the corpora following the modes of interaction, the oral or written medium, as well as on the chronological axis.</p>","PeriodicalId":43930,"journal":{"name":"Journal of French Language Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140324428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-22DOI: 10.1017/s0959269524000061
Pierre Larrivée, Mathieu Goux
This article investigates the evolution of bare nouns, used without a determiner, through the history of the French language. The loss of bare nouns is charted through calibrated corpora of non-fictional prose texts from the same genres and region, ranging from the 12th to the 19th century. The change is first completed with nouns in subject function, significantly advances with direct objects, and progresses with obliques. The extensive quantitative documentation demonstrates that the change is impacted by the syntactic function of the noun, along the Accessibility Hierarchy. The speculation is examined that the more accessible functions encourage expression of (definite) determiners, thus explaining the pattern of change.
{"title":"The evolution of bare nouns in the history of French. The view from calibrated corpora","authors":"Pierre Larrivée, Mathieu Goux","doi":"10.1017/s0959269524000061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0959269524000061","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the evolution of bare nouns, used without a determiner, through the history of the French language. The loss of bare nouns is charted through calibrated corpora of non-fictional prose texts from the same genres and region, ranging from the 12<jats:sup>th</jats:sup> to the 19<jats:sup>th</jats:sup> century. The change is first completed with nouns in subject function, significantly advances with direct objects, and progresses with obliques. The extensive quantitative documentation demonstrates that the change is impacted by the syntactic function of the noun, along the Accessibility Hierarchy. The speculation is examined that the more accessible functions encourage expression of (definite) determiners, thus explaining the pattern of change.","PeriodicalId":43930,"journal":{"name":"Journal of French Language Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140198948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-26DOI: 10.1017/s0959269523000273
Lea Suter, Raphael Berthele, Anita Thomas
Les inputs audiovisuels tels que les films et les séries sont de plus en plus souvent utilisés dans les cours de langue étrangère (LE) car ils permettent une exposition authentique à la langue. Plusieurs études suggèrent qu’ils soutiennent l’apprentissage de nouveaux mots, mais que l’inclusion d’activités de pré-/post-visionnage pourrait renforcer cet apprentissage. La présente étude a été menée en Suisse alémanique et s’intéresse à l’effet de la présence et du placement d’une telle activité sur l’apprentissage de 51 mots cibles. Dans une étude within-design, 97 apprenants de français langue étrangère de 13–14 ans ont regardé trois extraits de la série télévisée « Plan Cœur » (Netflix, 2018). Les trois conditions étaient : épisode seul, épisode et activité avant, épisode et activité après. Les activités portaient sur la reconnaissance du sens des mots cibles. Trois post-tests immédiats et un post-test différé du même type (reconnaissance de sens) ont été effectués auprès des quatre classes de niveau scolaire supérieur (classes générales et prégymnasiales/GPG) et des deux classes de niveau scolaire inférieur (classes à exigences de base/EBA). Nos résultats confirment la supériorité des conditions avec activité ainsi qu’une différence (peu surprenante) selon le niveau scolaire. On trouve aussi une interaction entre le moment de test et condition avec plus de réponses correctes aux post-tests immédiats. La différence entre activité pré et post est cependant négligeable. Ces résultats soulignent l’importance des activités pré-/post-visionnage pour l’apprentissage de nouveaux mots en LE.
{"title":"L’apprentissage du vocabulaire en français L2 avec Netflix : effet des activités de pré-/post-visionnage","authors":"Lea Suter, Raphael Berthele, Anita Thomas","doi":"10.1017/s0959269523000273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0959269523000273","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Les inputs audiovisuels tels que les films et les séries sont de plus en plus souvent utilisés dans les cours de langue étrangère (LE) car ils permettent une exposition authentique à la langue. Plusieurs études suggèrent qu’ils soutiennent l’apprentissage de nouveaux mots, mais que l’inclusion d’activités de pré-/post-visionnage pourrait renforcer cet apprentissage. La présente étude a été menée en Suisse alémanique et s’intéresse à l’effet de la présence et du placement d’une telle activité sur l’apprentissage de 51 mots cibles. Dans une étude within-design, 97 apprenants de français langue étrangère de 13–14 ans ont regardé trois extraits de la série télévisée « Plan Cœur » (Netflix, 2018). Les trois conditions étaient : épisode seul, épisode et activité avant, épisode et activité après. Les activités portaient sur la reconnaissance du sens des mots cibles. Trois post-tests immédiats et un post-test différé du même type (reconnaissance de sens) ont été effectués auprès des quatre classes de niveau scolaire supérieur (classes générales et prégymnasiales/GPG) et des deux classes de niveau scolaire inférieur (classes à exigences de base/EBA). Nos résultats confirment la supériorité des conditions avec activité ainsi qu’une différence (peu surprenante) selon le niveau scolaire. On trouve aussi une interaction entre le moment de test et condition avec plus de réponses correctes aux post-tests immédiats. La différence entre activité pré et post est cependant négligeable. Ces résultats soulignent l’importance des activités pré-/post-visionnage pour l’apprentissage de nouveaux mots en LE.</p>","PeriodicalId":43930,"journal":{"name":"Journal of French Language Studies","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139967493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-23DOI: 10.1017/s0959269523000315
Janina Reinhardt, Wiebke Matuschat-Petersen
The final intonation in French wh-in-situ questions is subject to much debate. Although a wide variety of final pitch movements has been observed, recent studies generally agree on a tendency for final rises. In our study, we analysed the answered wh-in-situ questions (e.g. Tu veux savoir quoi ? – Tout ! ‘What do you want to know? – Everything!’) in a corpus of eleven audio books. For our analysis, we used perceptual classifications by three annotators. Annotations included not only the perception of final intonational movement (‘rise’/‘fall’/‘plateau’), but also string-related (wh-lexeme; ‘wh-word final’/‘wh-word non-final’) and pragmatic (‘information-seeking’/‘non-information-seeking’; ‘hierarchical’/‘non-hierarchical’) features. Our results show that a) even string-identical wh-in-situ questions can be pronounced with rises as well as falls and b) pragmatics affect the final pitch movement. If the speaker is hierarchically superior to the hearer, rises are less likely, and questions that are answered by the same speaker are even associated with a non-rising default. However, our data also suggest that pragmatic functions cannot be directly mapped to pitch movement. Information-seeking questions can be pronounced with all three final intonations and speakers may even choose opposite patterns for the same interrogative in the same context.
法语原地提问中的终结音调一直备受争议。尽管人们观察到了各种各样的终结音调变化，但最近的研究普遍认为终结音调趋向于升高。在我们的研究中，我们分析了已回答的原地提问（如 Tu veux savoir quoi ?- Tout ！你想知道什么？- 一切！'）。在分析中，我们使用了三位注释者的感知分类。注释不仅包括对终结音移动（'上升'/'下降'/'高原'）的感知，还包括字符串相关（wh-lexeme；'wh-word final'/'wh-word non-final'）和语用（'information-seeking'/'non-information-seeking'；'hierarchical'/'non-hierarchical'）特征。我们的研究结果表明：a）即使是字符串相同的原地提问也可以用升调和降调来发音；b）语用会影响终结音的移动。如果说话人在等级上高于听话人，那么升调的可能性就会降低，而由同一说话人回答的问题甚至会出现非升调的默认情况。然而，我们的数据也表明，语用功能并不能直接映射到音调移动上。寻求信息的问句可以用所有三种终结音来发音，在相同的语境中，说话者甚至可以为同一个疑问句选择相反的发音模式。
{"title":"Pragmatic effects on the sentence-final intonation of answered wh-in-situ questions in French","authors":"Janina Reinhardt, Wiebke Matuschat-Petersen","doi":"10.1017/s0959269523000315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0959269523000315","url":null,"abstract":"The final intonation in French wh-in-situ questions is subject to much debate. Although a wide variety of final pitch movements has been observed, recent studies generally agree on a tendency for final rises. In our study, we analysed the answered wh-in-situ questions (e.g. <jats:italic>Tu veux savoir quoi ? – Tout !</jats:italic> ‘What do you want to know? – Everything!’) in a corpus of eleven audio books. For our analysis, we used perceptual classifications by three annotators. Annotations included not only the perception of final intonational movement (‘rise’/‘fall’/‘plateau’), but also string-related (wh-lexeme; ‘wh-word final’/‘wh-word non-final’) and pragmatic (‘information-seeking’/‘non-information-seeking’; ‘hierarchical’/‘non-hierarchical’) features. Our results show that a) even string-identical wh-in-situ questions can be pronounced with rises as well as falls and b) pragmatics affect the final pitch movement. If the speaker is hierarchically superior to the hearer, rises are less likely, and questions that are answered by the same speaker are even associated with a non-rising default. However, our data also suggest that pragmatic functions cannot be directly mapped to pitch movement. Information-seeking questions can be pronounced with all three final intonations and speakers may even choose opposite patterns for the same interrogative in the same context.","PeriodicalId":43930,"journal":{"name":"Journal of French Language Studies","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139955340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-23DOI: 10.1017/s0959269524000012
Filip Verroens
This article examines the semantic value of the infinitive in the ingressive constructions se mettre à (SMA) and commencer à (COMA) using a distinctive collexeme analysis. We find that the collexemes significant for the construction SMA are fairly homogeneous across the different corpora and can be grouped into the general category of expressive collexemes. The collexemes significant for COMA are more heterogeneous and belong to the category of cognitive collexemes and to semantic fields of sensory and creative acts. The results are compatible with the hypothesis put forward by Verroens and De Cuypere (2023) stating that the overall meaning of the SMA construction is intrinsically punctual. The punctual value of SMA is not only compatible with expressive collexemes, but, moreover, emphasizes their unforeseen and unintentional meaning. Conversely, the incremental value of COMA is consistent with the gradual onset of cognitive and sensory collexemes.
本文通过独特的词库分析，研究了摄入性结构 se mettre à (SMA) 和 commencer à (COMA) 中不定式的语义价值。我们发现，在不同语料库中，对 SMA 结构有意义的词库相当一致，可以归入一般的表达性词库类别。对 COMA 意义重大的词组则更具异质性，属于认知类词组以及感官和创造性行为的语义领域。这些结果与 Verroens 和 De Cuypere（2023 年）提出的假设相吻合，即 SMA 结构的整体意义具有内在的准时性。SMA 的准时性价值不仅与表达性复句相一致，而且还强调了其不可预见和无意的意义。相反，COMA 的增量价值则与认知和感官联想的渐进性相一致。
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Pub Date : 2023-12-27DOI: 10.1017/s0959269523000261
Mari C. Jones
Long-term contact with English has led to the presence in Guernésiais of a considerable number of lone English-origin lexical items (Jones, 2015). Although the presence of such items was being noted as far back as the nineteenth century, this is the first study to analyse and document them systematically. Using extensive original data, it examines these lexical items in relation to each part of speech and discusses their use in Guernésiais in the broader context of language contact. The study also considers whether, and how, lone English-origin lexical items become assimilated phonologically and morphosyntactically and whether frequency and motivation have a bearing on their usage.
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Pub Date : 2023-12-04DOI: 10.1017/s0959269523000236
Céline Pozniak, Emma Corbeau, Heather Burnett
Gender inclusive writing, a term that refers to a wide range of feminist linguistic practices aimed at reducing linguistic androcentrism, has been the topic of heated debates in France. Recent experimental studies have investigated its interpretation and showed that inclusive forms with the point médian (“étudiant·e·s”) and repetition (“étudiants et étudiantes”) feminize participants’ mental representations compared to the generic masculine (“étudiants”). In this article, we bring novel results from three experiments investigating the interpretation of these two inclusive forms in a more detailed context (university brochures). We find that the point médian is subject to “context dilution” effects: its meaning disappears in rich contexts, while repetition consistently changes readers’ mental representations, provided it is used systematically. We argue that our results show the necessity of looking at more ecological contexts in experimental (socio)linguistics for understanding the interpretation and processing of socially important linguistic variants.
性别包容写作(Gender inclusive writing)是指旨在减少语言男性中心主义的广泛的女权主义语言实践，在法国一直是热议的话题。最近的实验研究对其解释进行了调查，结果表明，与一般的男性化形式(“samtudiants”)相比，以“samudiant·e·s”为点的包容性形式(“samudiant·e·s”)和重复形式(“samudiants et samudiantes”)使参与者的心理表征女性化。在这篇文章中，我们从三个实验中获得了新的结果，这些实验研究了在更详细的背景下(大学小册子)对这两种包容性形式的解释。我们发现，如果有系统地使用这一点，那么它会受到“语境淡化”效应的影响:在丰富的语境中，它的意义会消失，而重复则会不断改变读者的心理表征。我们认为，我们的结果表明，有必要在实验(社会)语言学中研究更多的生态背景，以理解对社会重要的语言变体的解释和处理。
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