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JFL volume 32 issue 3 Cover and Front matter JFL第32卷第3期封面和封面问题
IF 0.6 3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-10-10 DOI: 10.1017/s0959269522000230
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引用次数: 0
Prosody and speech act interpretation: The case of French indirect requests 韵律与言语行为解释:以法语间接请求为例
IF 0.6 3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-09-06 DOI: 10.1017/s0959269522000254
Nicolas Ruytenbeek, Sean Trott
Some utterances are pragmatically ambiguous. For instance, Tu peux fermer la fenêtre ? (“Can you close the window?”) can be a request for information or an “indirect request” (IR) to close the window. A possible way for speakers to make it clear whether they intend these expressions as a direct or indirect speech act is to use cues such as gestures or prosody. It has been shown for English that participants’ identifications of IRs are predicted by f0 slope, mean f0, and f0 duration. However, the extent to which these findings extend to other languages remains unknown. In this article, we explore the prosodic features associated with French IRs, a language poorly documented from that perspective. We address two research questions: Are listeners’ pragmatic interpretations of French IR constructions predicted by speaker’s original intent? Do prosodic cues play the same role in French modal interrogatives as in declarative remarks? We find, first, that remarks with more positive f0 slope are more likely to be interpreted as requests, but modal interrogatives with more positive f0 slope are more likely to be taken as questions. Second, while longer remarks were more likely to be interpreted as requests, longer modal interrogatives were more likely to be interpreted as questions.
有些话语在语用上模棱两可。例如,Tu peux fermer la fenêtre?(“你能关闭窗口吗?”)可以是请求提供信息,也可以是关闭窗口的“间接请求”(IR)。对于说话者来说,一种可能的方式是使用手势或韵律等线索来明确他们是打算将这些表达作为直接还是间接的言语行为。对于英语,已经表明参与者对IRs的识别是通过f0斜率、平均f0和f0持续时间来预测的。然而,这些发现在多大程度上延伸到其他语言仍然未知。在这篇文章中,我们探讨了与法语IRs相关的韵律特征,从这个角度来看,法语IRs是一种文献很少的语言。我们解决了两个研究问题:听众对法语IR结构的语用解释是由说话人的原意预测的吗?韵律线索在法语语气疑问句中的作用与在陈述性话语中的作用相同吗?我们发现,首先,f0斜率更正的备注更有可能被解释为请求,但f0斜率越正的语气疑问句更有可能被视为问题。其次,虽然较长的话语更有可能被解释为请求,但较长的语气疑问句更有可能被理解为问题。
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引用次数: 0
Pour une classification sémantique des noms en français appuyée sur des tests linguistiques 基于语言测试的法语名称语义分类
IF 0.6 3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-07-28 DOI: 10.1017/s0959269522000187
P. Haas, Lucie Barque, Richard Huyghe, D. Tribout
Cet article propose une méthode de classification sémantique des noms qui repose sur l’application de tests distributionnels. Sont présentées 14 classes sémantiquement simples regroupées en trois pôles : (i) les noms dénotant des entités (comme cerf, pont, table), (ii) les noms dénotant des situations (comme promenade, intelligence, délabrement) et (iii) les noms relevant de classes en marge des deux précédentes (comme minute, hypothèse, euro). S’y ajoutent 7 classes complexes permettant de rendre compte du sens hybride que présentent nombre de noms, tel que, par exemple, le nom déposition qui renvoie de manière combinée à une action et à un objet cognitif (Elle a lu la déposition effectuée par le jeune homme). Cette classification permet non seulement d’attribuer aux noms, de manière contrôlée, des types sémantiques linguistiquement pertinents, mais également de traiter les différents cas de noms à sens multiples (homonymie, polysémie, hybridité).
本文提出了一种基于分布测试应用的名称语义分类方法。提出了14个语义简单的类,分为三个极点:(i)表示实体的名称(如鹿、桥、桌子),(ii)表示情况的名称(例如散步、智力、衰败),以及(iii)属于前两个类边缘的类的名称(如分钟、假设、欧元)。此外,还有7个复杂的类,可以解释许多名称的混合含义,例如,名称沉积,它结合了动作和认知对象(她阅读了年轻人的沉积)。这种分类不仅允许以受控的方式分配与语言相关的语义类型的名称,还允许处理具有多重含义的名称的不同情况(同音异义、多义、混合)。
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引用次数: 2
There are more women in joggeur·euses than in joggeurs: On the effects of gender-fair forms on perceived gender ratios in French role nouns joggeur·euses中的女性多于joggeurs:性别公平形式对法语角色名词感知性别比例的影响
IF 0.6 3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-07-28 DOI: 10.1017/s0959269522000217
Julia Tibblin, Joost van de Weijer, J. Granfeldt, P. Gygax
The present paper reports findings from a controlled large-scale (N = 1018) experimental study investigating how four different gender-fair forms influenced native French speakers’ estimated percentage of women compared to the masculine form (interpretable as generic) in 22 non-stereotyped French role nouns. The findings show that the masculine form generated lower perceived percentages of women compared to all other tested forms. In addition, gender-neutral and double forms were found equally efficient in resolving the male bias induced by the masculine form. Since the role nouns were non-stereotyped in terms of gender, these results suggest that the actual form of a role noun has indeed a strong influence on how the gender ratio of that role noun will be perceived. Moreover, the direction of the questionnaire’s response scale had a significant effect on the results, which entails methodological implications for future research. Finally, the provided ratios can be used for future studies investigating French role nouns in different gender-fair forms. In sum, our study suggests that gender-fair forms in French are an efficient tool for increasing the visibility of women, at least in nouns representing non-stereotypical activities.
本论文报告了一项对照大规模(N=1018)实验研究的结果,该研究调查了在22个非定型法语角色名词中,四种不同的性别公平形式与阳性形式(可解释为通用)相比,如何影响母语为法语的女性的估计百分比。研究结果表明,与所有其他测试形式相比,男性形式产生的女性感知百分比较低。此外,中性和双重形式在解决由阳性形式引起的男性偏见方面同样有效。由于角色名词在性别方面是非定型的,这些结果表明,角色名词的实际形式确实对如何感知该角色名词的性别比有很大影响。此外,问卷调查量表的方向对结果产生了重大影响,这对未来的研究产生了方法学影响。最后,所提供的比例可用于未来研究不同性别公平形式的法语角色名词。总之,我们的研究表明,法语中的性别公平形式是提高女性知名度的有效工具,至少在代表非定型活动的名词中是如此。
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引用次数: 4
Alain Berrendonner (ed.), Les périphériques : syntaxe et sémantique, Verbum, tome XLIII, n°2. Lorraine : Presses Universitaires de Nancy, 2021, 166 pp., ISBN : 978 2 8143 0617 2. doi: 9 782814 306172 Alain Berrendonner(编辑),《外围设备:语法和语义》,Verbum,第四十三卷,第2期。洛林:南希大学出版社,2021年,166页,ISBN:978 2 8143 0617 2。DOI:9 782814 306172
IF 0.6 3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-07-26 DOI: 10.1017/s0959269522000229
Florence Lefeuvre
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引用次数: 0
#YouAreWhatYouTweetCHHH: Identity and fricative epithesis in French-language tweets #YouAreWhatYouTweetCHHH:法语推文中的身份和摩擦修饰
IF 0.6 3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0959269522000047
Amanda Dalola
Abstract Phrase-final fricative epithesis (PFFE), often indicated in informal writing with a final -h or -ch, e.g. beaucoup_h, oui_ch, is a sociophonetic variable of Hexagonal French in which utterance-final vowels give way to intense fricative-like whistles. Production research has found PFFE to be used at equal rates among men and women, and perception research has found that native French speakers perceive it to mark either formal speech or intense affect. This research furthers the special issue’s line of inquiry on French variation in forms of digital media by extending the analysis to a sociophonetic variable with a robust life on Twitter. The study compares the pragmatic value of tweets containing PFFE with previously described values and then examines interactions of gender, hostword phrasal location and lexical frequency on its realization. 96.8% of PFFE occurrences in the 2060-token corpus were classified into the pragmatic categories of Formality and Intense Affect. Results suggest that PFFE has become a salient enough sociophonetic variable that 21st-century French users represent it graphically in their tweets, however, its usage is structurally more permissive than in spoken language, signaling that it has taken on an iconic value in digital spaces.
短语末擦音修饰词(PFFE),通常在非正式写作中用-h或-ch表示,如beaucoup_h, oui_ch,它是六方法语的一个社会语音变量,在这种变体中,话语末元音让位于强烈的摩擦式口哨。生产研究发现,PFFE在男性和女性中使用的比例相同,而感知研究发现,以法语为母语的人将其视为正式讲话或强烈情感的标志。这项研究通过将分析扩展到Twitter上具有强大生命力的社会语音学变量,进一步推进了特刊对法国数字媒体形式变化的探究。本研究将包含PFFE的推文的语用价值与先前描述的价值进行比较,然后考察性别、关键词短语位置和词汇频率对其实现的相互作用。在2060个语料库中,96.8%的PFFE出现在形式和强烈情感的语用类别中。结果表明,PFFE已经成为一个足够显著的社会语音学变量,21世纪的法国用户在他们的推文中用图形表示它,然而,它的使用在结构上比口语更宽松,这表明它在数字空间中具有标志性的价值。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction to Special Issue on French Variation in Digital Media 《数字媒体中的法语变体》特刊简介
IF 0.6 3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0959269522000102
Amanda Dalola
Digital discourse, often referred to as computer-mediated communication, has revolutionized communication practices since the advent of the personal computer (Crystal, 2011), with ever-growing effects, as smart devices proliferate in every aspect of twenty-first-century human existence. Linguists in the francophone world first took note of these new digital interactional practices in the 1980s with the onset of conversation via Minitel (Levy, 1993), a French-born service that consisted of a computer terminal that connected via telephone lines to remote services like chatrooms, interactive games, and purchasing platforms, years before most Americans had ever heard of the world wide web (Mailland, 2017). Minitel terminals remained functional some 30 years later; the service was ultimately decommissioned in 2012 on account of outdated modems, an inability to support advancements in graphics and the earlier mass migration (in France and beyond) to the present-day internet (Mailland, 2017). But the introduction of virtual interactional spaces – in the francophone world and beyond – had marked the beginning of a new linguistic trend in which users found themselves regularly engaged in the production of written language infused with vernacular tendencies.
数字话语,通常被称为计算机媒介通信,自个人计算机出现以来,已经彻底改变了通信实践(Crystal, 2011),随着智能设备在21世纪人类存在的各个方面的激增,其影响越来越大。法语国家的语言学家首先注意到这些新的数字互动实践是在20世纪80年代,通过Minitel (Levy, 1993)开始对话,这是一种诞生于法国的服务,由计算机终端组成,通过电话线连接到聊天室、互动游戏和购买平台等远程服务,比大多数美国人听说过万维网早了几年(Mailland, 2017)。迷你终端在大约30年后仍在使用;该服务最终于2012年退役,原因是调制解调器过时,无法支持图形技术的进步,以及早期(在法国及其他地区)大规模迁移到当今的互联网(Mailland, 2017)。但是,虚拟互动空间的引入——在法语世界和其他地方——标志着一种新的语言趋势的开始,在这种趋势中,用户发现自己经常参与到充满方言倾向的书面语言的生产中。
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引用次数: 0
JFL volume 32 issue 2 Cover and Back matter JFL第32卷第2期封面和封底
IF 0.6 3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0959269522000138
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引用次数: 0
Écrire son vernaculaire: variation et normes communautaires dans les messages textes en français québécois 写你的方言:魁北克法语短信中的变化和社区规范
IF 0.6 3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0959269522000096
H. Blondeau, Mireille Tremblay
RÉSUMÉ Cet article, qui porte sur les messages textes en français québécois, considère cette pratique langagière comme un lieu privilégié de l’expression du vernaculaire. L’analyse situe la langue des textos dans le débat qui a cours sur la diglossie et la variation en français. S’appuyant sur une analyse de textos tirés du corpus Texto4Science, l’article explique comment cette pratique vernaculaire s’appuie, comme l’oral familier, sur une grammaire qui se distingue de façon systématique du français de référence. De l’examen des données se dégage une grammaire à la fois variable et perméable. Enfin, l’article examine l’émergence d’une scripta vernaculaire et une néographie qui révèlent un effort délibéré de représenter des variantes vernaculaires.
本文以魁北克法语短信为研究对象,认为这种语言实践是方言表达的特权场所。分析将文本的语言置于正在进行的关于diglossie和法语变体的辩论中。本文通过对来自Texto4Science语料库的文本分析,解释了这种方言实践如何像口语口语一样,依赖于一种与参考法语系统不同的语法。对数据的检查显示出一种可变的、可渗透的语法。最后,本文探讨了一种方言脚本和新词的出现,揭示了一种刻意表现方言变体的努力。
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引用次数: 2
Reflections of the French nasal vowel shift in orthography on Twitter 推特上对法语鼻音移位的反思
IF 0.6 3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1017/S095926952100020X
James Law
Abstract Non-standard orthography on social media provides a useful supplementary data source for sociophonetic research. Regarding an ongoing chain shift in Northern Metropolitan French nasal vowels, spellings reflecting shifted vowel targets are observed on Twitter. These non-standard spellings, e.g. avont [avɔ̃] for avant /avɑ̃/ ‘before’, provide insight into speakers’ awareness of this change and its lexical distribution. Tweets with shifted and standard spellings of 306 word forms containing the phonemes /ɛ̃/, /œ̃/, /ɑ̃/ and /ɔ̃/ were collected from an 870-million word Internet Archive corpus of French tweets from 2011–2017. Shifted spellings were found for all four vowels and 168 words. The shifted spelling rate is lower than that of comparable variables in English and is not conditioned by stress, grammatical category, frequency, or phonological context, which affect the distribution of shifted nasal vowels in speech. However, frequent words show more indications of intentional misspelling, such as repetition and capitalization of the target vowel, suggesting that some speakers are conscious of the variation and comment on it using salient words. The results also contribute to an ongoing debate about a possible merger between /ɛ̃/ and /œ̃/, supporting the hypothesis of an incomplete merger where /ɛ̃/ shifts towards [ɑ̃] but /œ̃/ does not.
摘要社交媒体上的非标准正字法为社会语音学研究提供了有益的补充数据源。关于法国北部城市鼻音元音的持续连锁转移,在Twitter上可以观察到反映元音目标转移的拼写。这些非标准拼写,例如avont [av]表示avant /av / ' before,可以让我们深入了解说话者对这种变化及其词汇分布的认识。从2011年至2017年的8.7亿字法语推文互联网档案语料库中收集了306个包含音素/ / /、/ / / /、/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /的单词形式的移位和标准拼写的推文。所有四个元音和168个单词的拼写都发生了变化。移位的拼写率低于英语中可比较的变量,并且不受重音、语法类别、频率或语音上下文的限制,这些因素会影响语音中鼻音移位的分布。然而,频繁出现的单词显示出更多故意拼写错误的迹象,比如重复和目标元音的大写,这表明一些说话者意识到这种变化,并使用突出的单词进行评论。研究结果也有助于对/ / æ [n] /和/ / æ [n] /之间可能合并的持续争论,支持不完全合并的假设,其中/ / æ [n] /向[[n]转移,但/ / æ [n] /没有。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Journal of French Language Studies
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