Pub Date : 2023-03-23DOI: 10.1017/s0959269523000017
Espen Klævik-Pettersen
{"title":"Sam Wolfe, Syntactic Change in French. Oxford Studies in Diachronic & Historical Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021, 322 pp., ISBN 9780198864318.","authors":"Espen Klævik-Pettersen","doi":"10.1017/s0959269523000017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0959269523000017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43930,"journal":{"name":"Journal of French Language Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49172028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-17DOI: 10.1017/s0959269523000030
Katerina Palasis, Richard Faure, F. Meunier
This article investigates the development of wh-in-situ questions in French by examining a three-year kindergarten dataset of spontaneous productions with 16 children between 2;5 and 5;11. The distribution of the wh-phrases is statistically examined in relation to age, verb form (Fixed be form c’est ‘it is’ vs. Free be forms vs. Free lexical verbs), and grammatical category of the wh-word (Pronoun vs. Adverb). Results show that wh-in-situ remains prevalent throughout the period despite a steady increase in wh-ex-situ. Verb form (Fixed vs. All free forms) is a discriminating variable for the wh-position in all three years, and it interacts with the category of the wh-word. The Fixed be form c’est favours in-situ wh-pronouns (c’est qui Taz ?), whereas the Free forms favour wh-ex-situ questions, and massively co-occur with wh-adverbs (combien ça coûte ?). The emergence of the ex-situ qu’est-ce que ‘what is it that’, as opposed to the in-situ quoi ‘what’, is identified as a factor accounting for the gradual increase in wh-ex-situ. Finally, most outliers (wh-in-situ with Free forms) are shown to belong to the same paradigm as c’est in-situ questions: non-presuppositional questions, which are visible from the frequent use of là ‘there’, like c’est, a deictic item.
本文通过检查一个为期三年的幼儿园自发产生数据集，调查了法语中wh原位问题的发展，该数据集有16名2岁以下的儿童；5和5；11.对wh短语的分布进行了统计检验，考察了其与年龄、动词形式（固定形式c’est’it is’vs.自由形式vs.自由词汇动词）和wh词的语法类别（代词vs.副词）的关系。结果表明，尽管原位wh稳步增加，但原位wh在整个时期仍然普遍存在。动词形式（固定形式与所有自由形式）是三年中wh位置的判别变量，它与wh词的类别相互作用。固定be形式的c'est倾向于原位wh代词（c'est qui Taz？），而自由形式倾向于wh非原位疑问句，并与wh副词大量共存（combinença coûte？）。与原位quoi“what”相反，原位qu'est-ce que“what is that”的出现被认为是导致原位wh逐渐增加的一个因素。最后，大多数异常值（自由形式的原位wh）被证明与c'est原位问题属于同一范式：非预设问题，从频繁使用là'there'中可以看出，就像c'est一样，这是一个指示项。
{"title":"Wh-in-situ in child French: Deictic triggers at the syntax-semantics interface","authors":"Katerina Palasis, Richard Faure, F. Meunier","doi":"10.1017/s0959269523000030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0959269523000030","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article investigates the development of wh-in-situ questions in French by examining a three-year kindergarten dataset of spontaneous productions with 16 children between 2;5 and 5;11. The distribution of the wh-phrases is statistically examined in relation to age, verb form (Fixed be form c’est ‘it is’ vs. Free be forms vs. Free lexical verbs), and grammatical category of the wh-word (Pronoun vs. Adverb). Results show that wh-in-situ remains prevalent throughout the period despite a steady increase in wh-ex-situ. Verb form (Fixed vs. All free forms) is a discriminating variable for the wh-position in all three years, and it interacts with the category of the wh-word. The Fixed be form c’est favours in-situ wh-pronouns (c’est qui Taz ?), whereas the Free forms favour wh-ex-situ questions, and massively co-occur with wh-adverbs (combien ça coûte ?). The emergence of the ex-situ qu’est-ce que ‘what is it that’, as opposed to the in-situ quoi ‘what’, is identified as a factor accounting for the gradual increase in wh-ex-situ. Finally, most outliers (wh-in-situ with Free forms) are shown to belong to the same paradigm as c’est in-situ questions: non-presuppositional questions, which are visible from the frequent use of là ‘there’, like c’est, a deictic item.","PeriodicalId":43930,"journal":{"name":"Journal of French Language Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41929888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-17DOI: 10.1017/s0959269523000042
Malte Rosemeyer
This article describes the usage of partial interrogatives without wh such as And you went…? in French and Spanish, and analyses the variation between such in-situ-Ø and in-situ-wh-interrogatives such as And you went where? On the basis of an analysis of in-situ-Ø-interrogatives in a corpus of spoken French and Spanish, these interrogatives are described as a particularly efficient means of realizing an information request. Due to the fact that their use is bound to contexts in which the information request is highly expected by the hearer, they can be produced using a minimal syntactic format and simultaneously ensure that the addressee produces the desired response. In comparison, the use of in-situ-wh is less context-sensitive. The analysis also investigates the possibility of differences between French and Spanish as regards the productivity of these interrogatives. An acceptability study of these interrogatives finds no significant difference in terms of the productivity and acceptability of in-situ-Ø in French and Spanish, whereas in-situ-wh reaches a higher acceptability in French than in Spanish. I interpret these results as evidence for a description of in-situ-Ø as an ad-hoc interactional resource whose use does not depend on conventionalization processes, whereas information-requesting in-situ-wh has become conventional in French.
这篇文章描述了不带wh的部分疑问句的用法，如And you goed…？在法语和西班牙语中，并分析了诸如and you goed where？在分析法语和西班牙语口语语料库中的原位疑问句的基础上，这些疑问句被描述为实现信息请求的一种特别有效的手段。由于它们的使用与听话人高度期望信息请求的上下文有关，因此可以使用最小的句法格式来产生它们，同时确保收件人产生所需的响应。相比之下，原位wh的使用对上下文不太敏感。该分析还调查了法语和西班牙语在这些疑问句的生产力方面存在差异的可能性。对这些疑问句的可接受性研究发现，在法语和西班牙语中原位词的生产力和可接受性方面没有显著差异，而原位wh在法语中的可接受度高于西班牙语。我将这些结果解释为将原位-B.2描述为一种特殊的互动资源的证据，其使用不依赖于惯例化过程，而在法语中，原位请求wh的信息已成为惯例。
{"title":"French and Spanish wh-interrogatives with and without wh","authors":"Malte Rosemeyer","doi":"10.1017/s0959269523000042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0959269523000042","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article describes the usage of partial interrogatives without wh such as And you went…? in French and Spanish, and analyses the variation between such in-situ-Ø and in-situ-wh-interrogatives such as And you went where? On the basis of an analysis of in-situ-Ø-interrogatives in a corpus of spoken French and Spanish, these interrogatives are described as a particularly efficient means of realizing an information request. Due to the fact that their use is bound to contexts in which the information request is highly expected by the hearer, they can be produced using a minimal syntactic format and simultaneously ensure that the addressee produces the desired response. In comparison, the use of in-situ-wh is less context-sensitive. The analysis also investigates the possibility of differences between French and Spanish as regards the productivity of these interrogatives. An acceptability study of these interrogatives finds no significant difference in terms of the productivity and acceptability of in-situ-Ø in French and Spanish, whereas in-situ-wh reaches a higher acceptability in French than in Spanish. I interpret these results as evidence for a description of in-situ-Ø as an ad-hoc interactional resource whose use does not depend on conventionalization processes, whereas information-requesting in-situ-wh has become conventional in French.","PeriodicalId":43930,"journal":{"name":"Journal of French Language Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46884063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-16DOI: 10.1017/s0959269523000029
M. Avanzi
Cet article présente une analyse multifactorielle du comportement des consonnes liquides post-obstruantes en position finale de mot en français. Plus précisément, nous nous intéressons au phénomène par lequel un ou final dans la transcription orthographique d’un mot n’est pas prononcé dans la parole continue, p. ex. comme dans les items « découvre » et « terrible », respectivement prononcés [dekuv] et [teʁʁb] au lieu de [dekuvʁʁ] et [teʁʁibl]. Au total, plus de 2500 items comportant un cluster obstruante+liquide en fin de mot ont été extraits d’un corpus de parole d’une durée de 13 heures, qui a été étiqueté à différents niveaux. Ce corpus comprend les productions de 120 locuteurs originaires de 3 pays francophones (Belgique, France et Suisse), enregistrés dans deux tâches différentes (lecture et conversation). Pour déterminer ce qui affecte la (non-)prononciation de ou dans ces contextes, une douzaine de prédicteurs de différentes natures sont testés dans un même modèle statistique. Les caractéristiques phonétiques telles que le lieu et le mode d’articulation, le contexte droit, le statut prosodique et le taux d’articulation; mais aussi les prédicteurs liés aux locuteurs (pays d’origine, sexe, âge, classe sociale) et au style de parole sont pris en compte. Des modèles mixtes linéaires généralisés révèlent que seulement la moitié d’entre eux ressortent comme jouant un rôle significatif sur la variable à l’étude. Les résultats sont discutés à la lumière dʼétudes antérieures portant sur les aspects sociolinguistiques des variantes de prononciation en français.
{"title":"Vot’ artic’ est formidab’: une étude multifactorielle de la chute des liquides post-obstruantes finales de mot en français","authors":"M. Avanzi","doi":"10.1017/s0959269523000029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0959269523000029","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Cet article présente une analyse multifactorielle du comportement des consonnes liquides post-obstruantes en position finale de mot en français. Plus précisément, nous nous intéressons au phénomène par lequel un ou final dans la transcription orthographique d’un mot n’est pas prononcé dans la parole continue, p. ex. comme dans les items « découvre » et « terrible », respectivement prononcés [dekuv] et [teʁʁb] au lieu de [dekuvʁʁ] et [teʁʁibl]. Au total, plus de 2500 items comportant un cluster obstruante+liquide en fin de mot ont été extraits d’un corpus de parole d’une durée de 13 heures, qui a été étiqueté à différents niveaux. Ce corpus comprend les productions de 120 locuteurs originaires de 3 pays francophones (Belgique, France et Suisse), enregistrés dans deux tâches différentes (lecture et conversation). Pour déterminer ce qui affecte la (non-)prononciation de ou dans ces contextes, une douzaine de prédicteurs de différentes natures sont testés dans un même modèle statistique. Les caractéristiques phonétiques telles que le lieu et le mode d’articulation, le contexte droit, le statut prosodique et le taux d’articulation; mais aussi les prédicteurs liés aux locuteurs (pays d’origine, sexe, âge, classe sociale) et au style de parole sont pris en compte. Des modèles mixtes linéaires généralisés révèlent que seulement la moitié d’entre eux ressortent comme jouant un rôle significatif sur la variable à l’étude. Les résultats sont discutés à la lumière dʼétudes antérieures portant sur les aspects sociolinguistiques des variantes de prononciation en français.","PeriodicalId":43930,"journal":{"name":"Journal of French Language Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48827334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-03DOI: 10.1017/s0959269522000291
Léonard P. Rivard, N. R. Gueye
The study compared the syntactic complexity and the use of logical connectors in summaries written in French by two groups of students: speakers of French as first language (L1) and peers in a French-immersion program (L2) from grade nine to university. Both L1 and L2 groups of university students demonstrated more general complexity in their written summaries than less mature writers. However, the use of phrasal elaboration was apparent just at the upper secondary and university levels with L1 students. Both groups generally tend to overuse causal connectors while underusing additive and adversative connectors compared to the author’s use in the source text. Yet both groups employ significantly more adversative connectors just at the post-secondary level. The only difference observed between L1 and L2 writers was in the diversity of connector words used in the summary, with the former group using a richer, more diverse vocabulary. Several measures for succinctness differentiated L1 and L2 students in early secondary with the latter group condensing the source text less than L1 students. Correlation analysis suggested that many measures of syntactic complexity and connector use are inextricably linked.
{"title":"Syntactic complexity and connector use in the summary writing of L1 and L2 Canadian students","authors":"Léonard P. Rivard, N. R. Gueye","doi":"10.1017/s0959269522000291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0959269522000291","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The study compared the syntactic complexity and the use of logical connectors in summaries written in French by two groups of students: speakers of French as first language (L1) and peers in a French-immersion program (L2) from grade nine to university. Both L1 and L2 groups of university students demonstrated more general complexity in their written summaries than less mature writers. However, the use of phrasal elaboration was apparent just at the upper secondary and university levels with L1 students. Both groups generally tend to overuse causal connectors while underusing additive and adversative connectors compared to the author’s use in the source text. Yet both groups employ significantly more adversative connectors just at the post-secondary level. The only difference observed between L1 and L2 writers was in the diversity of connector words used in the summary, with the former group using a richer, more diverse vocabulary. Several measures for succinctness differentiated L1 and L2 students in early secondary with the latter group condensing the source text less than L1 students. Correlation analysis suggested that many measures of syntactic complexity and connector use are inextricably linked.","PeriodicalId":43930,"journal":{"name":"Journal of French Language Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48937816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-08DOI: 10.1017/s095926952200031x
Jonathan Kim, Sarah Angst, P. Gygax, Ute Gabriel, S. Zufferey
The extent to which gender neutral and gendered nouns impact differently upon native French speakers ’ gender representations was examined through a yes-no forced choice task. Swiss (Experiment 1) and Québec (Experiment 2) French-speaking participants were presented with word pairs composed of a gendered first name (e.g., Thomas) and a role (e.g., doctor), and tasked to indicate whether they believed that [first name] could be one of the [role]. Roles varied according to gender stereotypicality (feminine, masculine, non-stereotyped), and were either in a plural masculine (interpretable as generic) or gender neutral (epicenes and group nouns) form. The results indicated that the use of gender neutral forms of roles avoided a strong male bias found for the masculine forms, and that both gender neutral and masculine forms used equal cognitive resources. Further, stereotype effects associated with both gender-neutral and grammatically masculine forms were quite small ( < 1%). These results were highly reliable across both Swiss French and Québec speakers. Our study suggests that gender neutral forms are strong alternatives to the use of the masculine form as default value.
{"title":"The masculine bias in fully gendered languages and ways to avoid it: A study on gender neutral forms in Québec and Swiss French – CORRIGENDUM","authors":"Jonathan Kim, Sarah Angst, P. Gygax, Ute Gabriel, S. Zufferey","doi":"10.1017/s095926952200031x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s095926952200031x","url":null,"abstract":"The extent to which gender neutral and gendered nouns impact differently upon native French speakers ’ gender representations was examined through a yes-no forced choice task. Swiss (Experiment 1) and Québec (Experiment 2) French-speaking participants were presented with word pairs composed of a gendered first name (e.g., Thomas) and a role (e.g., doctor), and tasked to indicate whether they believed that [first name] could be one of the [role]. Roles varied according to gender stereotypicality (feminine, masculine, non-stereotyped), and were either in a plural masculine (interpretable as generic) or gender neutral (epicenes and group nouns) form. The results indicated that the use of gender neutral forms of roles avoided a strong male bias found for the masculine forms, and that both gender neutral and masculine forms used equal cognitive resources. Further, stereotype effects associated with both gender-neutral and grammatically masculine forms were quite small ( < 1%). These results were highly reliable across both Swiss French and Québec speakers. Our study suggests that gender neutral forms are strong alternatives to the use of the masculine form as default value.","PeriodicalId":43930,"journal":{"name":"Journal of French Language Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45309802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-02DOI: 10.1017/s095926952200028x
J. Auger
{"title":"Davy Bigot, Le bon usage québécois. Étude sociolinguistique sur la norme grammaticale du français parlé au Québec. Québec : Presses de l’Université Laval, 2021, xvi + 229 pp., ISBN : 978 2 7637 5343 0.","authors":"J. Auger","doi":"10.1017/s095926952200028x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s095926952200028x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43930,"journal":{"name":"Journal of French Language Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47882333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-21DOI: 10.1017/s0959269522000266
Sophie Piron
{"title":"Anne Abeillé et Danièle Godard (dir. en collaboration avec Annie Delaveau et Antoine Gautier), La grande grammaire du français. Arles : Actes Sud, 2021, lvii + 2537 pp. 978 2 330 14239 1","authors":"Sophie Piron","doi":"10.1017/s0959269522000266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0959269522000266","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43930,"journal":{"name":"Journal of French Language Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43469307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-21DOI: 10.1017/s0959269522000278
Chantal Crozet
{"title":"Vinay Swamy et Louisa Mackenzie (dirs.), Devenir non-binaire en français contemporain. Genre(s) et création. Paris : Editions Le Manuscrit, 2022, xxvi + 254 pp., IBSN : 978 2 304 05242 8.","authors":"Chantal Crozet","doi":"10.1017/s0959269522000278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0959269522000278","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43930,"journal":{"name":"Journal of French Language Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49565554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-10DOI: 10.1017/s0959269522000242
{"title":"JFL volume 32 issue 3 Cover and Back matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0959269522000242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0959269522000242","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43930,"journal":{"name":"Journal of French Language Studies","volume":" ","pages":"b1 - b2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49018616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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