Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1177/09213740221144045
Satyasikha Chakraborty, Shalini Grover
This article examines interracial gendered care-work through the figure of the ayah (maid) serving white families in India from the late-eighteenth to the twenty-first century. Historical and anthropological scholarships on domestic labor in India remain self-contained fields, and mostly focus on middle-class Indian households. Our comparative study offers insights into the racialized romanticization of the ayah through a trans-temporal approach combining archival work (for British imperial households in the past) with ethnographic research (for Euro-American expatriate households in the present). While exploring the parallels in colonial and contemporary domestic dynamics, and the intertwining of interracial anxieties and sentimentalization, we pay close attention to the subjectivities of Indian ayahs and their changing labor roles.
{"title":"Care-work for colonial and contemporary white families in India: A historical-anthropology of the racialized romanticization of the ayah","authors":"Satyasikha Chakraborty, Shalini Grover","doi":"10.1177/09213740221144045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09213740221144045","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines interracial gendered care-work through the figure of the ayah (maid) serving white families in India from the late-eighteenth to the twenty-first century. Historical and anthropological scholarships on domestic labor in India remain self-contained fields, and mostly focus on middle-class Indian households. Our comparative study offers insights into the racialized romanticization of the ayah through a trans-temporal approach combining archival work (for British imperial households in the past) with ethnographic research (for Euro-American expatriate households in the present). While exploring the parallels in colonial and contemporary domestic dynamics, and the intertwining of interracial anxieties and sentimentalization, we pay close attention to the subjectivities of Indian ayahs and their changing labor roles.","PeriodicalId":43944,"journal":{"name":"CULTURAL DYNAMICS","volume":"34 1","pages":"297 - 319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46245181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1177/09213740221140789
Daniel B. Rood
This piece engages with the new book Reconstructing the Landscapes of Slavery: A Visual History of the Plantation in the Nineteenth-Century Atlantic World. It places the text within the longer publication histories of the four authors, while also articulating what is unique about the book under discussion. Finally, it wrestles with the authors’ particular take on aesthetics and power, as well as the theory of plantation landscape they advocate, suggesting the usefulness of some alternative perspectives.
{"title":"Visuality, rhetoric, and reality in the Second Slavery","authors":"Daniel B. Rood","doi":"10.1177/09213740221140789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09213740221140789","url":null,"abstract":"This piece engages with the new book Reconstructing the Landscapes of Slavery: A Visual History of the Plantation in the Nineteenth-Century Atlantic World. It places the text within the longer publication histories of the four authors, while also articulating what is unique about the book under discussion. Finally, it wrestles with the authors’ particular take on aesthetics and power, as well as the theory of plantation landscape they advocate, suggesting the usefulness of some alternative perspectives.","PeriodicalId":43944,"journal":{"name":"CULTURAL DYNAMICS","volume":"34 1","pages":"331 - 336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48880504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1177/09213740221140790
R. Mongia
How did visual techniques serve to facilitate slave regimes? How can an attention to the visual record enhance our understanding of slavery? In what ways does this record survive in our contemporary visual economy? This essay considers these questions through an analysis of Reconstructing the Landscapes of Slavery: A Visual History of the Plantation in the Nineteenth-Century Atlantic World by Dale Tomich et al. and of the contested practice of “plantation weddings” in an era dominated by the photographic image.
{"title":"The visual records and visual legacies of slavery","authors":"R. Mongia","doi":"10.1177/09213740221140790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09213740221140790","url":null,"abstract":"How did visual techniques serve to facilitate slave regimes? How can an attention to the visual record enhance our understanding of slavery? In what ways does this record survive in our contemporary visual economy? This essay considers these questions through an analysis of Reconstructing the Landscapes of Slavery: A Visual History of the Plantation in the Nineteenth-Century Atlantic World by Dale Tomich et al. and of the contested practice of “plantation weddings” in an era dominated by the photographic image.","PeriodicalId":43944,"journal":{"name":"CULTURAL DYNAMICS","volume":"34 1","pages":"325 - 331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42038121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1177/09213740221140791
C. Decorse
Reconstructing the Landscapes of Slavery: A Visual History of the Plantation in the Nineteenth-Century Atlantic World by Dale Tomich, Rafael de Bivar Marquese, Reinaldo Funes Monzote, and Carlos Venegas Fornias examines the economic and political restructuring of 19th century slavery through contemporary paintings, plans and images. Ranging across the diverse settings of the lower Mississippi Valley, Cuba, and Brazil, the authors use a landscape-oriented perspective to chart the redeployment, reorganization, and industrialization of slavery during the 19th century, a time referred to as the ‘Second Slavery’. The incremental steps toward abolition during the 19th century did not result in a decline of agriculture based on enslaved labor or weaken the institutions that supported it. Rather, plantation slavery emerged as an efficient agro-industrial system, massive in scale, that was central to the political and economic restructuring of industrial capitalism. New political-economic spaces were exploited, while old ones declined. Focusing on Cuba, Brazil and the Mississippi Valley, the authors examine the contrasting spatial and material organization of plantations to shed new light on how these landscapes expressed both global socioeconomic processes and local contexts. The volume affords an insightful view of plantation landscapes that can be usefully read by historians, archaeologists, and wider audiences.
Dale Tomich、Rafael de Bivar Marquese、Reinaldo Funes Monzote和Carlos Venegas Fornias的《重建奴隶制景观：19世纪大西洋世界种植园的视觉史》通过当代绘画、计划和图像探讨了19世纪奴隶制的经济和政治重组。作者跨越密西西比河谷下游、古巴和巴西的不同环境，以景观为导向的视角描绘了19世纪奴隶制的重新部署、重组和工业化，这一时期被称为“第二次奴隶制”。19世纪逐步废除奴隶制并没有导致基于奴役劳动的农业衰落，也没有削弱支持奴隶制的制度。相反，种植园奴隶制是一种规模巨大的高效农工系统，是工业资本主义政治和经济重组的核心。新的政治经济空间被利用，而旧的政治经济领域却衰落了。以古巴、巴西和密西西比河谷为重点，作者研究了种植园的空间和物质组织对比，以揭示这些景观如何表达全球社会经济过程和当地环境。这本书提供了对种植园景观的深刻见解，历史学家、考古学家和更广泛的观众都可以阅读。
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Pub Date : 2022-08-04DOI: 10.1177/09213740221117811
Yeseung Lee
The paper diachronically examines the white hanbok as the material and symbolic site of interaction between the hegemonising and the hegemonised in Korea. It traces the changing status of the white hanbok from the end of the 19th century to the present—from being part of unconscious material culture, to the synecdoche of the colonised nation, to the symbol of resistance, to the membrane of a ‘homogeneous nation’, to the symbol of democracy. It analyses the white hanbok as a paradoxical skin—at once inclusive and exclusive—of Korean ethnonationalism, as well as a permeable membrane between the self and other of national identity. By exploring the white hanbok in relation to the ongoing movement towards a decolonised democratic nation, the paper reveals the entwined relations between material objects, practices, and nationalism in Korea.
{"title":"The white-clad people: The white hanbok and Korean nationalism","authors":"Yeseung Lee","doi":"10.1177/09213740221117811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09213740221117811","url":null,"abstract":"The paper diachronically examines the white hanbok as the material and symbolic site of interaction between the hegemonising and the hegemonised in Korea. It traces the changing status of the white hanbok from the end of the 19th century to the present—from being part of unconscious material culture, to the synecdoche of the colonised nation, to the symbol of resistance, to the membrane of a ‘homogeneous nation’, to the symbol of democracy. It analyses the white hanbok as a paradoxical skin—at once inclusive and exclusive—of Korean ethnonationalism, as well as a permeable membrane between the self and other of national identity. By exploring the white hanbok in relation to the ongoing movement towards a decolonised democratic nation, the paper reveals the entwined relations between material objects, practices, and nationalism in Korea.","PeriodicalId":43944,"journal":{"name":"CULTURAL DYNAMICS","volume":"34 1","pages":"271 - 296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44876382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.1177/09213740221105738
T. Somotan
Historians have focused on the origin of the Nigeria-Biafran War (1967–70) and the conflict's impact on Nigeria's local and international policies. But no study has adequately interrogated the Biafran legal system. In his groundbreaking monograph, A History of the Republic of Biafra: Law, Crime, and the State in the Nigerian Civil War, Samuel Fury Childs Daly examines how armed robbery and fraud increased during the war and in postwar Nigeria. Drawing on court records, diplomatic records, and oral interviews, the author argues that Biafran citizens and state representatives broke the law to survive economic and political hardships. Many forged documents to avoid conscription into the army or impersonated soldiers to procure food. In some cases, individuals committed crime for self-aggrandizement or vengeance. Daly asserts that Nigeria’s experience with crime, especially fraudulent acts like advance-fee fraud, can be traced to the criminal behaviors that exploded during and after the war. In other words, the illegal acts undertaken by ordinary people in Biafra to cope with unemployment and poverty became part of everyday life in postwar Nigeria. A History of the Republic of Biafra contributes to histories of law, military, postcolonial states in Africa, and the Nigerian Civil War.
{"title":"A New History of Crime and Law in 20th century Nigeria","authors":"T. Somotan","doi":"10.1177/09213740221105738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09213740221105738","url":null,"abstract":"Historians have focused on the origin of the Nigeria-Biafran War (1967–70) and the conflict's impact on Nigeria's local and international policies. But no study has adequately interrogated the Biafran legal system. In his groundbreaking monograph, A History of the Republic of Biafra: Law, Crime, and the State in the Nigerian Civil War, Samuel Fury Childs Daly examines how armed robbery and fraud increased during the war and in postwar Nigeria. Drawing on court records, diplomatic records, and oral interviews, the author argues that Biafran citizens and state representatives broke the law to survive economic and political hardships. Many forged documents to avoid conscription into the army or impersonated soldiers to procure food. In some cases, individuals committed crime for self-aggrandizement or vengeance. Daly asserts that Nigeria’s experience with crime, especially fraudulent acts like advance-fee fraud, can be traced to the criminal behaviors that exploded during and after the war. In other words, the illegal acts undertaken by ordinary people in Biafra to cope with unemployment and poverty became part of everyday life in postwar Nigeria. A History of the Republic of Biafra contributes to histories of law, military, postcolonial states in Africa, and the Nigerian Civil War.","PeriodicalId":43944,"journal":{"name":"CULTURAL DYNAMICS","volume":"572 ","pages":"256 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41280841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.1177/09213740221120304
Antonio Orozco Ramos
In Mexico microcredit has deviated from its original purpose of fighting poverty to oppress those whom it was supposed to help through high interest rates and over-indebtedness. There 42% of the population is poor, fighting poverty is paramount. Three decades ago, microcredit (which is different from microfinance), took root as a new, promising tool to help millions of people, who have historically been excluded from the traditional financial system, emerge from the grip of poverty. From the outset, microcredit usurped the place of microfinance in the fight against poverty, as it set aside the most effective financial tool: savings.
{"title":"The microcredit mousetrap: A long way from fighting poverty in Mexico","authors":"Antonio Orozco Ramos","doi":"10.1177/09213740221120304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09213740221120304","url":null,"abstract":"In Mexico microcredit has deviated from its original purpose of fighting poverty to oppress those whom it was supposed to help through high interest rates and over-indebtedness. There 42% of the population is poor, fighting poverty is paramount. Three decades ago, microcredit (which is different from microfinance), took root as a new, promising tool to help millions of people, who have historically been excluded from the traditional financial system, emerge from the grip of poverty. From the outset, microcredit usurped the place of microfinance in the fight against poverty, as it set aside the most effective financial tool: savings.","PeriodicalId":43944,"journal":{"name":"CULTURAL DYNAMICS","volume":"34 1","pages":"213 - 221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44625592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.1177/09213740221112968
M. Shea
This essay argues for a reconsideration of Raúl Zurita’s early poetry in the context of the agrarian question in Chilean socialism and neoliberalism. Countering readings of Zurita’s landscape poetics as primarily metonymic depictions of bodily trauma suffered by the victims of the Pinochet dictatorship, I argue that space as it appears in Zurita’s first two collections, Purgatorio and Anteparaíso, is a non-mimetic, discursive, and contradictory object. Through this rendering, Zurita’s poetic speaker offers what I term a “visionary geography” which denaturalizes the Chilean landscape and reflects the centrality of land use to the crisis and conflict of the 1970s.
{"title":"A visionary geography: Raúl Zurita and the problem of the land","authors":"M. Shea","doi":"10.1177/09213740221112968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09213740221112968","url":null,"abstract":"This essay argues for a reconsideration of Raúl Zurita’s early poetry in the context of the agrarian question in Chilean socialism and neoliberalism. Countering readings of Zurita’s landscape poetics as primarily metonymic depictions of bodily trauma suffered by the victims of the Pinochet dictatorship, I argue that space as it appears in Zurita’s first two collections, Purgatorio and Anteparaíso, is a non-mimetic, discursive, and contradictory object. Through this rendering, Zurita’s poetic speaker offers what I term a “visionary geography” which denaturalizes the Chilean landscape and reflects the centrality of land use to the crisis and conflict of the 1970s.","PeriodicalId":43944,"journal":{"name":"CULTURAL DYNAMICS","volume":"34 1","pages":"173 - 194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42276244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-18DOI: 10.1177/09213740221105739
Vivian Chenxue Lu
Samuel Fury Childs Daly’s A History of the Republic of Biafra: Law, Crime, and the Nigerian Civil War focuses on the remarkable legal inner workings of the postcolonial African secessionist state o...
{"title":"Ordering life and law in a besieged African secessionist state","authors":"Vivian Chenxue Lu","doi":"10.1177/09213740221105739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09213740221105739","url":null,"abstract":"Samuel Fury Childs Daly’s A History of the Republic of Biafra: Law, Crime, and the Nigerian Civil War focuses on the remarkable legal inner workings of the postcolonial African secessionist state o...","PeriodicalId":43944,"journal":{"name":"CULTURAL DYNAMICS","volume":"8 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138508987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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