Pub Date : 2024-09-18DOI: 10.1177/09213740241274946
Michaeline A Crichlow, Juan Giusti-Cordero
In this brief introduction, we highlight the critical contributions of the esteemed scholar, historical sociologist and theoretical historian, Dale Tomich, whose scholarly interventions have contributed to changing the field of plantation slavery, studies of capital and historical studies in general. We emphasize his key historical and methodological interventions, particularly the importance of studying locales at several intersecting scales, underscoring the world economy as ultimately the main unit of analysis as it operates differentially across the Atlantic and beyond. Moving among these interconnected and relational scales we argue has allowed for a more complex understanding of how even ‘small islands’ like those in the Caribbean facilitate ‘huge comparisons,’ influence and are shaped by deterritorialized forces emanating from the world economy. Tomich’s work we argue, theorizes and historizes from the top to the bottom and vice versa, a necessary labor for apprehending how subject-citizens navigate their worlds in their various locales.
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Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1177/09213740241274453
José Antonio Piqueras
The present contribution examines three historical problems of theoretical implications that are present in Dale Tomich’s work on the “second slavery”. I find it more interesting to reflect on three basic points that are part of Tomich’s thesis: The crisis of “old colonial slavery” because of the irruption and development of the world-economy. The relationship between slavery and capital. The conception of the world-economy as a transnational social formation, in which capitalism plays the role of nexus and motor of local particularities (with their corresponding labor modalities), particularities that were gradually subordinated to the market and to “social labor” (commodity-producing labor with the abstraction of the relations of production in which commodities are produced).
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Pub Date : 2024-03-25DOI: 10.1177/09213740231223816
Claudia Milian, Elia Romera-Figueroa
More than a special issue, this endeavor serves as a sourcebook and provocation amplifying embryonic but interlinked sites of inquiry: LatinXness in Spain and its vital conversation with US LatinX studies as well as Iberian studies. LatinXs share historical and cultural connections to the Spanish and American empires. The contemporary period marks a significant moment on both sides of the Atlantic, as Spain now houses Europe’s largest LatinX population and the shifting ground of LatinXness exceeds the United States as well as a North-South axis of analysis. With an eye toward being wide-ranging, bringing forward fresh insights, and offering a crucial reference for an expanding area of interest—transatlantic LatinX studies—this undertaking provides historical contexts, defining moments, conceptual parameters, and critical approaches that appraise how Spain’s sociocultural and intellectual climate has fully entered a LatinX epoch. The exploration faces a cluster of questions: What do current characterizations of Spanishness invigorate when it admits a long ignored—and inseparable—LatinX foundation? What constitutes Spanish national currency when animated by LatinX bodies and imaginations? What is Spain—and what is Europe—to LatinXness and the Global South? What kind of new Spain—and new Europe—emerge from LatinXness and Global Southness? Collected here are original arguments and contributions—academic articles, think pieces, critical conversations, poetry, and creative nonfiction—orienting us on central thematic concerns that include: new directions and perspectives in transatlantic LatinX studies; the idea of Europe and Europeanness from Spain’s southernmost archipelago, the Canary Islands; LatinX nonhuman origins at the Royal Botanical Garden in the Spanish capital; the history, uses, and dissemination of the Panchito/Panchita racial slur; Madrid’s twenty-first century LatinX Spanish language, migration, and culture; present-day brown drag performance and practices; Afro-Spanish-Colombian poetry and politics; rurality, depopulation, and LatinX repopulation in Aguaviva, Spain; diasporic bodies and expressions of identity through movement; and movement in translation, X equivalencies across bodies, geographies, and languages. The volume, as a whole, is an entry point into LatinX studies and Iberian studies marshaling ideas and thinking tools that may be veering toward a new field of study.
这不仅仅是一期特刊，它还是一本资料手册，是对萌芽阶段但又相互关联的研究领域的一种激励：西班牙的拉丁裔及其与美国拉丁裔研究和伊比利亚研究的重要对话。拉美裔与西班牙和美洲帝国有着共同的历史和文化联系。当代标志着大西洋两岸的一个重要时刻，因为西班牙现在是欧洲最大的拉丁裔人口居住地，而拉丁裔的变化超过了美国以及南北分析轴。这本著作着眼于广泛性，提出了新的见解，并为不断扩大的兴趣领域--跨大西洋拉丁裔研究--提供了重要参考，它提供了历史背景、决定性时刻、概念参数和批判性方法，对西班牙的社会文化和思想氛围如何全面进入拉丁裔时代进行了评估。这一探索面临着一系列问题：当西班牙承认长期以来被忽视的--不可分割的--拉丁裔基础时，当前的西班牙特征会带来什么变化？在拉丁裔身体和想象力的推动下，什么构成了西班牙的国家货币？对于拉丁裔和全球南方而言，西班牙是什么，欧洲又是什么？拉美主义和全球南方主义产生了什么样的新西班牙和新欧洲？这里汇集了学术文章、思想文章、批评对话、诗歌和非虚构创作等原创论点和文稿，为我们提供了中心主题，包括跨大西洋拉丁裔研究的新方向和新视角；来自西班牙最南端群岛加那利群岛的欧洲和欧洲性理念；西班牙首都皇家植物园的拉丁裔非人类起源；Panchito/Panchita 种族蔑称的历史、使用和传播；马德里二十一世纪拉丁裔西班牙语、移民和文化；当今棕色变装表演和实践；非裔西班牙-哥伦比亚诗歌和政治；西班牙阿瓜维瓦的乡村化、人口减少和拉丁裔人口重新聚集；散居国外者的身体和通过运动表达身份；以及翻译中的运动，跨越身体、地理和语言的 X 等价物。整本书是拉丁裔研究和伊比利亚研究的一个切入点，汇集了各种观点和思维工具，可能正朝着一个新的研究领域迈进。
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Pub Date : 2024-03-11DOI: 10.1177/09213740231223815
Silvia M Serrano, Yeison F García López
Inspired by W. E. B. Du Bois’s notion of double consciousness, Yeison F. García López assumes multiple identities: Afro-Colombian and Afro-Spanish. This multiplicity allows García López to assert a politically active citizenship, articulated through his migrant journey, his Afro-descendant and Colombian heritage, and his connection with Madrid society. This conversation delves into how García López’s body of work as a poet, theorist, activist, and cultural agent contributes to an emerging Spanish, global, and transatlantic LatinX Latinity (LatinXness) from the Spanish capital. Overall, García López’s efforts shine a spotlight on Spain’s present-day plurality, highlighting the contributions of Africans and Afro-descendant people. He establishes connections among migrant communities of Latin American, Afro-descendant, and Asian origin as well as migrants from Eastern Europe descent, and Roma people and subverts Eurocentrism, colonialism, and white supremacy. García López’s publications and cultural initiatives serve as a platform to amplify the voices of Madrid’s migrant and racialized people, promoting culture as a form of resistance, healing, and empowerment.
受 W. E. B. Du Bois 的双重意识概念启发，Yeison F. García López 具有多重身份：非洲裔哥伦比亚人和非洲裔西班牙人。这种多重性使加西亚-洛佩斯能够通过他的移民之旅、他的非洲裔和哥伦比亚遗产以及他与马德里社会的联系，主张一种政治上积极的公民身份。本对话深入探讨了加西亚-洛佩斯作为诗人、理论家、活动家和文化传播者，其作品是如何促进西班牙、全球和跨大西洋的拉丁X拉丁性（LatinXness）从西班牙首都崛起的。总之，加西亚-洛佩斯的努力彰显了西班牙当今的多元性，突出了非洲人和非洲后裔的贡献。他在拉美裔、非洲裔和亚裔移民社区以及东欧裔移民和罗姆人之间建立联系，颠覆了欧洲中心主义、殖民主义和白人至上主义。加西亚-洛佩斯的出版物和文化活动作为一个平台，放大了马德里移民和种族化人群的声音，促进文化成为一种抵抗、治愈和赋权的形式。
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Pub Date : 2024-02-21DOI: 10.1177/09213740231223828
María DeGuzmán
Located at the intersection of American Studies, LatinX Studies, and Romance Studies, the scholarly book Spain’s Long Shadow: The Black Legend, Off-Whiteness, and Anglo-American Empire turns a “critical ethnic studies” lens on Anglo-American culture. It argues that constructions of Anglo-American identity as “American” have depended on figures of Spain. These figurations have been crucial to the dominant Anglo fictions of “American” exceptionalism, revolution, and manifest destiny; to Anglo-America’s articulation of its empire as an anti-empire; and to its fears of racial contamination and hybridity. Spain’s Long Shadow unfolds the story of one imperialist shadowing another. Now, nearly two decades since its publication, what insights and which questions linger, especially as we engage with what Claudia Milian has termed “a globally entangled LatinX Studies”? Pushing off from Spain’s Long Shadow’s concluding thoughts, this essay responds to that question in relation to the more than 3 million-plus people of a heterogeneous LatinX diaspora living in Spain today. This estimate constitutes approximately 6.4% of Spain’s current population, which is also Europe’s largest concentration of LatinXs. This undertaking is conceptualized as a retrospective—a thinking piece that looks at the past, the present time, and the speculative future to postulate and assess global LatinX processes. The piece fleshes out and updates Spain’s Long Shadow’s invitation to develop new perspectives, frameworks, and scholarship on the transatlantic transcultural impetus of LatinX cultural production from South-North and West-East axes of orientation.
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Pub Date : 2024-01-30DOI: 10.1177/09213740231223844
Dagmary Olívar Graterol
This commentary explores some of the cultural practices among people of Latin American origin living in Madrid. By establishing a link between Latinx migration and the process of racialization, the author describes how contemporary archives are being created and the ways that “migrant culture” is expressed and perceived in modern-day Spain, using the term “Latinx” as a critical category that refers to Latin American “Xs” living in the diaspora. This preliminary inquiry keys into the following question: What is the cultural history of Latinx communities in Madrid and how was this history constructed? In this way, the piece contextualizes the conflicts and misunderstandings experienced by Latinx migrants upon arrival in the host society from the standpoint of taking ownership of spaces of signification to generate a sense of belonging through cultural practices and creative projects. For these communities, such spaces are tangible and symbolic places of action, meaning making, and resistance. Culture—both its everyday manifestations and specifically artistic practices—is a critical space of expression, creativity, and thought. This makes it a suitable way to incorporate the migrant population into a new perception of Spanish national identity, thus generating enough of a sense of belonging.
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Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.1177/09213740231223833
Nilo Palenzuela
This text reflects on identities from an African archipelago in the Atlantic that is part of the Spanish state. The Canary Islands were the first place colonized by Europeans in their expansion toward America. The text focuses on identity formation throughout the twentieth century. Reference is made to Canarian artists and poets such as Tomás Morales and Alonso Quesada, and more recent artists of international stature such as Manolo Millares, Martín Chirino, and César Manrique. The international context and the destruction of the idea of Europe are reflected from various perspectives. Reference is made to travelers who drew analogies between Canary Islanders and Native Americans, and the notion of “displacement” at every level is addressed. The article also discusses “foreigners” traveling back and forth in the era of advanced technology, globalization, and mass tourism. As Stefan Zweig and Franz Rosenzweig have observed since the 1920s, in the age of border control, anyone can become a “foreigner.” “Europe: Passage and Reflections” was born within the context of the exhibition “Europe, that Exotic Place” (2019–2020) and expands upon the reflection on insularities undertaken in the exhibition “Island Horizons” (2009–2010), which featured artists and writers from Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Martinique, Guadeloupe, French Guiana, the Canary Islands, the Azores, Madeira, Cape Verde, and Réunion. The article also arose from the “Islands, Images, Imaginaries” discussion series held at Duke University in 2011.
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Pub Date : 2024-01-04DOI: 10.1177/09213740231223837
Claudia Milian
This essay focuses its attention on Madrid, the Royal Botanical Garden (RBG), and the LatinX presence just as they were all coming into existence in the Spanish and European world. Pursuing a LatinX origin that exceeds humanness, this thought exploration tracks the Mesoamerican dahlia, transplanted to Spain in 1789. Acocoxochitl—what we now know as the dahlia, named after Swedish naturalist Andreas Dahl (1751–1789)—was one of the first plants to arrive at Madrid’s RBG when it opened nearly three centuries ago. The flower was tested on, domesticated, and acclimated, making its botanical debut as the dahlia pinnata in 1791. The dahlia is a vector for an unanticipated life form, clueing us in on where the LatinX world-in-process was heading. It offers a glimpse of how the garden and the Latin find themselves arranged and come into being. How LatinX history is blurred—and how LatinX difference has been produced—in Madrid’s iconography is disentangled here. The piece weighs in on these considerations: What does it mean to think alongside the dahlia? What might the plant mean to a human whose body has been tampered with; who asymmetrically became one of Carolus Linnaeus’s Latin species; who has been “naturally” passed down to different kinds of nature; whose construction is both native and foreign; and who comes into being through a rather unnatural classificatory order?
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Pub Date : 2023-12-22DOI: 10.1177/09213740231223834
Eva Obregón Blasco
The translator of the articles originally written in Spanish for this special issue reflects on her work adapting these contributions into English, deliberately countering the invisibility to which the translation process and translators are often relegated. By disentangling not just the task of the translator, but also the path of the translator, the piece illuminates the junction between theory and practice through lived experiences. Points of inflection serve to throw light upon the ties that “root” community formations, or a multitude of dynamic local worlds. The author calls attention to her role and presence, suggesting the need to question outdated notions of translation as a transparent lexicographical exchange. Translation is approached as a situated practice, highlighting the translator’s role as a creator and producer of text.
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