Pub Date : 2018-03-01DOI: 10.1515/jciea-2018-090103
A. Labisch
Abstract /Summary In light of the widely discussed issues on the modernization and industrialization of East Asia, it is sometimes overlooked that there has been a constant exchange of knowledge between East Asia and Europe. This “transfer of knowledge” during all known times was associated with the traffic of humans, animals and goods and had an input on skills and techniques, too. And it were not only goods, skills and knowledge, but religions, world views and cultures that were exchanged. Thus is it productive to speak of an “transfer of knowledge”? Is it not rather productive to speak of a constant exchange and thus of an “interchange of knowledge” - and so of a steadily ongoing process of giving and taking? So is the real question what separates East Asia and Europe or what they have in common? It is precisely this general problem that is to be pursued in a special question in time, for which there are no written sources. So it is about the earliest history, possibly even the origin of exchange processes between East and West, which can be achieved with most modern methods. Are the latest methods and results of archeology providing us with information on whether, as of when and in what areas, an exchange of knowledge between East and West existed before the time of writing? This question is being examined in a central region of the exchange, namely the “Oasis Silk Road” with the “bottle neck” of the Taklamakan. The present study / presentation is only a small, highly incomplete “florilegium” - a selection of flowers. Pilot studies with precise questions would be needed. Such preliminary investigations and pilot studies could also be made for other regions of knowledge exchange and cultural interaction in East Asia in general. On the methodical side, all methods of historiography and archeology have their specific advantages, but also their specific disadvantages. In the issue “Eurasian Interchange of Knowledge in Times before Writing”, the combined results of historiography, modern archeology, and recent natural scientific and (molecular) biological archaeology are the basis for our current state of knowledge. On the long run the different methods and results from a variety of different scientific areas have to be evaluated in their meaningfulness, reach and validity for the historiography of human action. On the basis of the results from historiography and archeology in the widest sense, can be assumed that there has been an exchange of materials, products, skills and creatures - animals and humans - since the beginning of the early agrarian culture in the Neolithic Age. Exchange processes in the widest sense in the later times of writing therefore seldom meet an almost untouched field. Rather, exchange processes usually build on existing cultural peculiarities, which are already an amalgam and thus an inseparable mixture of previous exchange processes.
{"title":"Eurasian Transfer of Knowledge vs. Eurasian Interchange of Knowledge ―The Times Before Writing―","authors":"A. Labisch","doi":"10.1515/jciea-2018-090103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jciea-2018-090103","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract /Summary In light of the widely discussed issues on the modernization and industrialization of East Asia, it is sometimes overlooked that there has been a constant exchange of knowledge between East Asia and Europe. This “transfer of knowledge” during all known times was associated with the traffic of humans, animals and goods and had an input on skills and techniques, too. And it were not only goods, skills and knowledge, but religions, world views and cultures that were exchanged. Thus is it productive to speak of an “transfer of knowledge”? Is it not rather productive to speak of a constant exchange and thus of an “interchange of knowledge” - and so of a steadily ongoing process of giving and taking? So is the real question what separates East Asia and Europe or what they have in common? It is precisely this general problem that is to be pursued in a special question in time, for which there are no written sources. So it is about the earliest history, possibly even the origin of exchange processes between East and West, which can be achieved with most modern methods. Are the latest methods and results of archeology providing us with information on whether, as of when and in what areas, an exchange of knowledge between East and West existed before the time of writing? This question is being examined in a central region of the exchange, namely the “Oasis Silk Road” with the “bottle neck” of the Taklamakan. The present study / presentation is only a small, highly incomplete “florilegium” - a selection of flowers. Pilot studies with precise questions would be needed. Such preliminary investigations and pilot studies could also be made for other regions of knowledge exchange and cultural interaction in East Asia in general. On the methodical side, all methods of historiography and archeology have their specific advantages, but also their specific disadvantages. In the issue “Eurasian Interchange of Knowledge in Times before Writing”, the combined results of historiography, modern archeology, and recent natural scientific and (molecular) biological archaeology are the basis for our current state of knowledge. On the long run the different methods and results from a variety of different scientific areas have to be evaluated in their meaningfulness, reach and validity for the historiography of human action. On the basis of the results from historiography and archeology in the widest sense, can be assumed that there has been an exchange of materials, products, skills and creatures - animals and humans - since the beginning of the early agrarian culture in the Neolithic Age. Exchange processes in the widest sense in the later times of writing therefore seldom meet an almost untouched field. Rather, exchange processes usually build on existing cultural peculiarities, which are already an amalgam and thus an inseparable mixture of previous exchange processes.","PeriodicalId":439452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Interaction in East Asia","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124934200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.1515/jciea-2017-080103
S. Akira
Translation is of enormous importance in the fi eld of humanities. This is true not only of reception of religious thought, philosophical texts, literary works, and other documents; it can be readily understood just by looking at translations into modern languages of many “classics.” An accurate understanding of technical key terms is especially profoundly important in the cases of religious thought and philosophical texts. The fi rst prerequisite is to have an accurate understanding of such technical terms in the contexts in which they appear in individual works, while considering their historical, cultural, and philosophical backgrounds. Next the translator is faced with the necessity of choosing an equivalent in the target language that is suffi ciently reliable and as masterful a translation as possible. When it is not possible to fi nd existing vocabulary that is appropriate, the translator must use a transliteration (Buddha, bodhisattva, arhat, Sāmadhi, nirvāṇa) or create a Chinese neologism (yuanqi [縁起] for pratītya-samutpāda, foxing [仏性] for buddhadhātu, jingjin [精進] for vīrya, or zhongsheng [衆生] for sattva).
{"title":"Buddhist Translations Past, Present, and Future: With a Focus on Chinese and Tibetan Renderings","authors":"S. Akira","doi":"10.1515/jciea-2017-080103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jciea-2017-080103","url":null,"abstract":"Translation is of enormous importance in the fi eld of humanities. This is true not only of reception of religious thought, philosophical texts, literary works, and other documents; it can be readily understood just by looking at translations into modern languages of many “classics.” An accurate understanding of technical key terms is especially profoundly important in the cases of religious thought and philosophical texts. The fi rst prerequisite is to have an accurate understanding of such technical terms in the contexts in which they appear in individual works, while considering their historical, cultural, and philosophical backgrounds. Next the translator is faced with the necessity of choosing an equivalent in the target language that is suffi ciently reliable and as masterful a translation as possible. When it is not possible to fi nd existing vocabulary that is appropriate, the translator must use a transliteration (Buddha, bodhisattva, arhat, Sāmadhi, nirvāṇa) or create a Chinese neologism (yuanqi [縁起] for pratītya-samutpāda, foxing [仏性] for buddhadhātu, jingjin [精進] for vīrya, or zhongsheng [衆生] for sattva).","PeriodicalId":439452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Interaction in East Asia","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122120051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.1515/jciea-2017-080102
S. Ching
{"title":"Missionary Society Archives and Research on Sino-Western Cultural Exchanges","authors":"S. Ching","doi":"10.1515/jciea-2017-080102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jciea-2017-080102","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":439452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Interaction in East Asia","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130075205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.1515/jciea-2017-080112
Machi Senjurō
{"title":"Nishogakusha University MEXT-Supported Program for the Strategic Research Foundation at Private Universities","authors":"Machi Senjurō","doi":"10.1515/jciea-2017-080112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jciea-2017-080112","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":439452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Interaction in East Asia","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126209212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.1515/jciea-2017-080109
Tao De-min
{"title":"Review of Amerika to Chūgoku - America and China by MATSUO Fumio. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, January 2017","authors":"Tao De-min","doi":"10.1515/jciea-2017-080109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jciea-2017-080109","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":439452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Interaction in East Asia","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129958113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.1515/jciea-2017-080116
Osa Shizue, Nakanome Tōru, Satoh Takumi
{"title":"Association of Japanese Intellectual History Public Symposium","authors":"Osa Shizue, Nakanome Tōru, Satoh Takumi","doi":"10.1515/jciea-2017-080116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jciea-2017-080116","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":439452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Interaction in East Asia","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124819092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.1515/jciea-2017-080108
L. Grove
{"title":"Review of Republican Lens: Gender, Visuality, and Experience in the Early Periodical Press, by Joan Judge. University of California Press. 2015","authors":"L. Grove","doi":"10.1515/jciea-2017-080108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jciea-2017-080108","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":439452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Interaction in East Asia","volume":"2015 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127794376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.1515/jciea-2017-080107
Lin Hongwei
Since the 1990s, Chinese scholarly thought has become increasingly diverse and has undergone signifi cant reorganization. Confucian thought in particular has fl ourished and diversifi ed. Confucian trends of note are the value Confucianism 价值儒学 of Chen Lai 陈来, the democratic Confucianism 民主儒学 of Wu Guang 吴光, the life Confucianism 生活儒学 of Huang Yushun 黄玉顺, and present-day political Confucianism 政治儒学, the most active and popular of these trends. Though there are other schools of Confucian thought, this paper will cover only these four schools to keep the analysis simple and provide a synoptic understanding.
{"title":"The Main Schools of Confucianism in Present-Day Mainland China","authors":"Lin Hongwei","doi":"10.1515/jciea-2017-080107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jciea-2017-080107","url":null,"abstract":"Since the 1990s, Chinese scholarly thought has become increasingly diverse and has undergone signifi cant reorganization. Confucian thought in particular has fl ourished and diversifi ed. Confucian trends of note are the value Confucianism 价值儒学 of Chen Lai 陈来, the democratic Confucianism 民主儒学 of Wu Guang 吴光, the life Confucianism 生活儒学 of Huang Yushun 黄玉顺, and present-day political Confucianism 政治儒学, the most active and popular of these trends. Though there are other schools of Confucian thought, this paper will cover only these four schools to keep the analysis simple and provide a synoptic understanding.","PeriodicalId":439452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Interaction in East Asia","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130542277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.1515/jciea-2017-080115
Macabe Keliher
In the late nineteenth century, the Guangxu 光緒 emperor commissioned an update of the collected rules and regulations of the Qing dynasty. It was called the Da Qing huidian 大清會典, and it had served as the foundation for running the Qing state and its multiethnic empire for more than two centuries.1 “The spirit of this book is to make clear established regulations of li 禮 for administration,” the emperor wrote in his preface. “Following and practicing [li] will achieve perfect goodness and perfect beauty [in governance].”2 Continuing this theme of state organization and operation, he emphasized in an addendum the importance of li as a disciplinary mechanism. “No matter if an offi cial is civil or military, of the inner or outer court, pure or impure—no matter if his position is superior or inferior, major or minor—all are fully subsumed by li.”3 For the Guangxu emperor, administrative procedure and its regulation were embodied in li. The Qing emphasis on li was not unusual. Often translated as “ritual” or “rites,” li has long been the organizational principle of moral and social action in China.4 Confucius put li at the center of his teachings, while Xunzi 荀子
{"title":"State Ritual and Political Culture in Imperial and Late Imperial China: Research Reflections on Li","authors":"Macabe Keliher","doi":"10.1515/jciea-2017-080115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jciea-2017-080115","url":null,"abstract":"In the late nineteenth century, the Guangxu 光緒 emperor commissioned an update of the collected rules and regulations of the Qing dynasty. It was called the Da Qing huidian 大清會典, and it had served as the foundation for running the Qing state and its multiethnic empire for more than two centuries.1 “The spirit of this book is to make clear established regulations of li 禮 for administration,” the emperor wrote in his preface. “Following and practicing [li] will achieve perfect goodness and perfect beauty [in governance].”2 Continuing this theme of state organization and operation, he emphasized in an addendum the importance of li as a disciplinary mechanism. “No matter if an offi cial is civil or military, of the inner or outer court, pure or impure—no matter if his position is superior or inferior, major or minor—all are fully subsumed by li.”3 For the Guangxu emperor, administrative procedure and its regulation were embodied in li. The Qing emphasis on li was not unusual. Often translated as “ritual” or “rites,” li has long been the organizational principle of moral and social action in China.4 Confucius put li at the center of his teachings, while Xunzi 荀子","PeriodicalId":439452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Interaction in East Asia","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131163002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.1515/jciea-2017-080105
J. Fogel
{"title":"Nationalism, the Vernacular, and Responses to Western Impact in East Asian Comparative Perspective","authors":"J. Fogel","doi":"10.1515/jciea-2017-080105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jciea-2017-080105","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":439452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Interaction in East Asia","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116868369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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