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Policy experimentation with impact financing: a systematic review of research on social impact bonds 影响融资的政策实验:对社会影响债券研究的系统回顾
IF 2.9 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/23276665.2021.2019070
Tima T. Moldogaziev, Cheol Liu, Mikhail Ivonchyk
ABSTRACT Social impact bonds (SIB) have become a novel and attractive policy tool to assist with service delivery to vulnerable groups. Since the first SIB in 2010 in the United Kingdom, hundreds of projects have been adopted, implemented, and continue to be developed around the world. A broad observation from current research concludes that there is a lack of consistent evidence on research foci and orientations with regard to this innovative policy tool. In the context of the Asia-Pacific region, research on SIBs is largely non-existent. Moreover, research from Asia-Pacific contexts is primarily focused on the (financial) product features of impact financing, at the expense of studying the process innovation aspect of SIBs in service delivery. This contrasts with research from European and North American SIBs, which exhibit a relatively heightened interest on issues in service delivery process and their impact on performance measurement, evidence auditing and evaluation, and accountability to service recipients versus investor returns. As policy experimentation continues with SIBs in the Asia-Pacific region, several key considerations remain vital and require future scholarly attention.
社会影响债券(SIB)已成为一种新颖而有吸引力的政策工具,以帮助向弱势群体提供服务。自2010年第一个SIB在英国成立以来,世界各地已有数百个项目被采纳、实施并继续开发。从目前研究的广泛观察得出的结论是,关于这一创新政策工具的研究重点和方向缺乏一致的证据。在亚太地区背景下,对sib的研究基本上是不存在的。此外,来自亚太地区的研究主要集中在影响融资的(金融)产品特征上,而忽略了对sib在服务交付中的流程创新方面的研究。这与欧洲和北美sib的研究形成鲜明对比,后者对服务提供过程及其对绩效衡量、证据审计和评估的影响、对服务接受者的问责制与投资者回报的影响表现出相对较高的兴趣。随着亚太地区sib政策试验的继续,几个关键因素仍然至关重要,需要未来的学术关注。
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引用次数: 2
The intensity of organizational transitions in government: comparing patterns in developed and developing countries 政府组织转型的强度:比较发达国家和发展中国家的模式
IF 2.9 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-15 DOI: 10.1080/23276665.2021.1980069
Abiha Zahra, Tobias Bach
ABSTRACT Organisational transitions in governments have long been discussed in the literature. While, more recently, organisational life cycle changes between birth and death have been the focus of research, a systematic comparison of organisational transitions across countries has barely been initiated. We aim to bridge this gap in the literature by providing comparative metrics for organisational transitions, which could be later enriched with structural data from researchers working in this domain. Termination literature mainly hails from the West, wherein this article brings in Pakistan’s developing context – long considered a terra incognita in comparative research – and breaks new analytical ground by comparing the intensity of organisational transitions in Pakistan with those of developed countries. The lack of vivid variance in the intensity of transitions among developing and developed countries, raises interesting questions as to the relationship between the intensity of structural reform and administrative performance. The article thereby seeks to encourage future comparative research.
长期以来,文献一直在讨论政府的组织转型。虽然最近,组织生命周期从出生到死亡的变化一直是研究的重点,但对各国组织转型的系统比较几乎没有开始。我们的目标是通过提供组织转型的比较指标来弥合文献中的这一差距,这些指标后来可以通过在该领域工作的研究人员的结构数据来丰富。终止文献主要来自西方,其中本文引入了巴基斯坦的发展背景-长期以来被认为是比较研究的未知领域-并通过比较巴基斯坦与发达国家的组织过渡强度开辟了新的分析领域。发展中国家和发达国家之间的过渡强度缺乏明显的差异,这就提出了关于结构改革强度与行政绩效之间关系的有趣问题。因此,本文旨在鼓励未来的比较研究。
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引用次数: 0
Shifting discourses of nature in participatory processes for environmental management 环境管理参与性过程中自然话语的转变
IF 2.9 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-27 DOI: 10.1080/23276665.2021.1972322
Pat Barrett, Raven Cretney, Priya Kurian, Naomi Simmonds
ABSTRACT The increasing use of participatory processes in environmental governance and management has implications for the way different conceptualisations of nature and the environment are recognised within environmental decision-making. This article draws on a case study of the Ōngātoro Maketū estuary restoration initiative in Aotearoa, New Zealand, to examine how shifting discourses of nature and the environment intersect with the exercise of power to influence decision-making on the estuary. The study is based on a qualitative analysis of an archive of historical policy and planning documents, and 25 in-depth interviews with participants involved in the restoration initiative. The analysis demonstrates that despite a participatory process that often reinforced the dominant cultural paradigm and power relations, it created the space for different knowledge forms including western science and Māori knowledge to help improve the quality of decisions. We argue that well-designed participatory processes have much potential to address the growing complexity and uncertainty underpinning environmental governance and management.
在环境治理和管理中越来越多地使用参与式过程,对环境决策中认识到自然和环境的不同概念的方式产生了影响。本文以新西兰奥特罗阿(Aotearoa)的Ōngātoro maketi河口恢复倡议为例,研究自然和环境的变化话语如何与影响河口决策的权力行使相交叉。这项研究基于对历史政策和规划文件档案的定性分析,以及对参与恢复计划的参与者的25次深度访谈。分析表明,尽管参与性过程往往强化了主导文化范式和权力关系,但它为包括西方科学和Māori知识在内的不同知识形式创造了空间,以帮助提高决策质量。我们认为,设计良好的参与性过程具有很大的潜力,可以解决支撑环境治理和管理的日益增长的复杂性和不确定性。
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引用次数: 1
Institutional correlates of public service motivation: family, religion, and high school education 公共服务动机的制度相关性:家庭、宗教和高中教育
IF 2.9 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-27 DOI: 10.1080/23276665.2021.1977968
Taehee Kim, Kiwhan Kim, Sangmook Kim
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to provide empirical evidence of the extent to which social institutions play a role in the development of public service motivation (PSM). This study investigates institutional factors affecting first-year undergraduate students’ PSM, focusing on family, religion, and high school education in Korea. It uses two-wave survey data collected from first-year undergraduate students at a public university in Korea (n = 202). The test results show that parental teaching and participation in extracurricular activities (creative experiential learning activities) are positively associated with overall PSM and most of its individual dimensions, and religion is positively associated with the dimension of commitment to public values. This study provides support for the process theory holding that PSM is influenced by social institutions throughout an individual’s childhood and adolescence. The implications and limitations of this study are also discussed.
摘要本研究的目的是为社会制度在公共服务动机(PSM)发展中的作用程度提供实证证据。本研究以家庭、宗教和高中教育为研究对象,探讨影响韩国大学一年级学生PSM的制度因素。该研究采用了从韩国某公立大学的一年级本科生中收集的两波调查数据(n = 202)。测试结果显示,父母教育和参与课外活动(创造性体验式学习活动)与整体PSM及其大部分个体维度呈正相关,宗教与公共价值观承诺维度呈正相关。本研究为过程理论提供了支持,该理论认为PSM在个体的童年和青春期受到社会制度的影响。本文还讨论了本研究的意义和局限性。
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引用次数: 6
Citizens’ perception of government responsiveness: building an engaged citizenry 公民对政府反应的看法:建立一个参与的公民
IF 2.9 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-20 DOI: 10.1080/23276665.2021.1966815
I. Novikova, Saltanat Liebert
ABSTRACT Responsiveness is one of the tenets of good governance. In the post-Soviet setting, in which government officials view provision of public services to the population as government largesse, the perception of government responsiveness is particularly important in building active and engaged citizenry. This study explores a potential link between citizen perceptions of local government responsiveness among residents of squatter settlements in the Kyrgyz Republic and citizen-municipal government collaboration. Based on a survey of 914 urban squatter settlers in Bishkek, the article examines how residents of slums perceive the responsiveness of different levels of government in improving their communities’ access to basic urban services. Lower level of governance is found to be associated with higher levels of perceived responsiveness. Participation in informal demand-making and self-help activities is positively associated with perceptions of government responsiveness, especially when it comes to the city administration.
响应性是善治的原则之一。在后苏联时代,政府官员将向民众提供公共服务视为政府的慷慨馈赠,因此,在建立积极参与的公民群体方面,政府的响应意识尤为重要。本研究探讨了吉尔吉斯共和国棚户区居民对地方政府响应的公民感知与公民-市政府合作之间的潜在联系。本文基于对比什凯克914名城市棚户区居民的调查,研究了贫民窟居民如何看待各级政府在改善社区获得基本城市服务方面的反应。研究发现,较低水平的治理与较高水平的感知响应相关。参与非正式的需求创造和自助活动与对政府反应的看法呈正相关,特别是在城市管理方面。
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引用次数: 2
Power-sharing in governments, clarity of responsibility, and the control of corruption 政府权力分享,责任明确,控制腐败
IF 2.9 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-17 DOI: 10.1080/23276665.2021.1963996
Jinhyuk Jang
ABSTRACT How does power-sharing in governments influence the control of corruption in Asia Pacific democracies? Studies find that voters can more easily hold elected officials accountable, providing them with incentives to control corruption, if levels of clarity of responsibility are sufficiently high. Most of these studies have focused on European countries, and have tended to measure power-sharing, which lowers clarity of responsibility, in terms of coalition governments. The wide variation in institutional arrangements across the democracies in the Asia Pacific region calls for a more nuanced evaluation of the conditions under which we should expect to find clarity of responsibility. Using original data on government characteristics in 19 Asia Pacific democracies from 1996 to 2019 and data on control of corruption from the World Bank, I find that higher levels of clarity of responsibility, captured by presidentialism and a higher share of decision-making power held by the head of government’s party, promote higher levels of corruption control.
政府权力分享如何影响亚太民主国家对腐败的控制?研究发现,如果责任明确程度足够高,选民可以更容易地让民选官员承担责任,为他们提供控制腐败的动力。这些研究大多集中在欧洲国家,并且倾向于衡量联合政府的权力分享,这降低了责任的明确性。亚太地区各民主国家体制安排的广泛差异要求对我们期望找到明确责任的条件进行更细致的评估。利用1996年至2019年19个亚太民主国家政府特征的原始数据和世界银行的腐败控制数据,我发现,总统制所体现的责任清晰度越高,政府政党领导人所拥有的决策权份额越高,就会促进腐败控制水平的提高。
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引用次数: 1
Exploring the implementation gap: organizational autonomy and line managers’ participation in human resource decision–making 探索实施差距:组织自主性与直线经理参与人力资源决策
IF 2.9 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-16 DOI: 10.1080/23276665.2021.1963995
Aneeqa Suhail, T. Steen
ABSTRACT This article explores the assumption that the level of human resource (HR) autonomy of an organisation influences line managers’ participation in HR decision-making, and it seeks to understand to what extent such a participation affects the effective implementation of HR practices. The results of an empirical study of HR policies and practices in three public hospitals in Pakistan reveal that greater level of HR autonomy of an organisation, with less pressure to comply with public personnel policies, leads to increased participation of middle managers in HR decision-making. This, in turn, helps to reduce the gap between the intended and implemented HR practices, which is important for human resource management (HRM) – organisational performance linkage. These findings contribute to ongoing discussions related to HRM in the public sector context and line management enactment of HR practices by highlighting the profound implications of the institutional context on the HR management of public hospitals. Additionally, this research proposes a bottom-up approach to HR practices, through its focus on the participation of managers in HR decision-making as a possible solution to better implementation of HR practices.
本文探讨了组织的人力资源(HR)自治水平影响直线经理参与人力资源决策的假设,并试图理解这种参与在多大程度上影响人力资源实践的有效实施。对巴基斯坦三家公立医院人力资源政策和实践的实证研究结果表明,一个组织的人力资源自治程度越高,遵守公共人事政策的压力越小,导致中层管理人员更多地参与人力资源决策。反过来,这有助于减少预期和实施的人力资源实践之间的差距,这对于人力资源管理(HRM) -组织绩效联系非常重要。这些发现通过强调机构背景对公立医院人力资源管理的深刻影响,有助于正在进行的与公共部门人力资源管理背景和人力资源实践的直线管理制定相关的讨论。此外,本研究提出了一种自下而上的人力资源实践方法,通过关注管理者参与人力资源决策,作为更好地实施人力资源实践的可能解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
Emergence & development of behavioral public policy units in government: the case of Turkey 政府行为公共政策单位的产生与发展:以土耳其为例
IF 2.9 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-15 DOI: 10.1080/23276665.2021.1958353
Ayca Kusseven, Mete Yildiz
ABSTRACT The last two decades witnessed a significant rise in the use of behavioural insights in the design and successful implementation of public policies. This creative method of policy design and implementation, also known as “nudging”, makes use of biases in individual decision-making processes to increase the success of policy interventions. As of 2021, there are more than 200 nudge units in the world, some located in governments. This is a detailed case study of the creation and development of the behavioural public policy/nudge unit in the Turkish government, which is located in the Ministry of Trade. This unit emerged as a result of a successful policy experiment via knowledge transfer from the United Kingdom’s Behavioural Insights Team with help from the UK Embassy in Ankara. A detailed account of the creation process, organisational structure, activities, and future objectives of this unit is presented by using John Kingdon’s multiple streams model, reviewing the literature, analysing official documents, and conducting in-depth interviews. Lessons drawn from this case study can be helpful to actors from the public policy community in developing countries.
在过去的二十年中,在公共政策的设计和成功实施中,行为学见解的使用显著增加。这种创造性的政策设计和实施方法,也被称为“助推”,利用个人决策过程中的偏见来提高政策干预的成功率。截至2021年,世界上有200多个推动单位,其中一些位于政府。这是一个关于土耳其政府行为公共政策/推动单位的创建和发展的详细案例研究,该单位位于贸易部。在英国驻安卡拉大使馆的帮助下,英国行为洞察小组通过知识转移进行了成功的政策实验,该单位应运而生。通过使用John Kingdon的多流模型,回顾文献,分析官方文件,并进行深入访谈,详细介绍了该单元的创建过程,组织结构,活动和未来目标。从本案例研究中得出的经验教训可以对发展中国家公共政策界的行动者有所帮助。
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引用次数: 2
A matter of perspective: differential evaluations of artificial intelligence between managers and staff in an experimental simulation 一个观点问题:在实验模拟中,管理者和员工对人工智能的不同评估
IF 2.9 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-15 DOI: 10.1080/23276665.2021.1945468
Hsini Huang, Kyoung-Cheol Kim, Matthew M. Young, Justin B. Bullock
ABSTRACT This article tests whether managers and staff evaluate artificial intelligence (AI)-based process innovations differently. Scholars have argued perceptions of innovation vary systematically as a function of an individual’s position within organisations. We test for attitudinal differences between managers and staff via an online experimental simulation fielded among working-age Taiwanese citizens employed in public sector employment (n = 600). Respondents engage in a 12-round simulation. We experimentally vary whether the respondent receives support from an AI decision support tool. We assess pre-intervention and post-intervention attitudes towards the use of AI for a suite of organisational tasks, using a difference-in-difference estimation approach to identify the causal effect of organisational position on innovation evaluation. Our findings suggest managers are more supportive of AI as a decision support tool than staff, and remain so after the simulation. Managers also increased their support of AI tools to a larger degree than staff.
本文测试了管理者和员工对基于人工智能(AI)的流程创新是否有不同的评价。学者们认为,对创新的看法随着个人在组织中的地位而系统性地变化。我们通过在线实验模拟,在公共部门工作的适龄台湾公民(n = 600)中测试管理者和员工之间的态度差异。受访者要进行12轮模拟。我们通过实验改变受访者是否从人工智能决策支持工具获得支持。我们评估了干预前和干预后对将人工智能用于一系列组织任务的态度,使用差中差估计方法来确定组织位置对创新评估的因果影响。我们的研究结果表明,管理者比员工更支持人工智能作为决策支持工具,并且在模拟之后仍然如此。管理人员对人工智能工具的支持程度也高于员工。
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引用次数: 5
Experimental research in the Asia-Pacific region: review and assessment of regional capacity 亚太地区的实验研究:区域能力的审查和评估
IF 2.9 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-08-11 DOI: 10.1080/23276665.2021.1945470
Wenna Chen, Binzizi Dong, C. Hsieh, Ning Liu, R. Walker, Yao Wang, Bo Wen, Peiyi Wu, Jiasheng Zhang
ABSTRACT Scholars of public administration are increasingly using experimental research to develop more robust causal inferences and greater methodological capacity. Against this backdrop, we examine the extent to which experimental research has taken hold in the Asia-Pacific region and assess regional capacity. Our review of 30 articles published by scholars based in the Asia-Pacific region in the public administration section of the Web of Science’s Journal Citation Reports finds that the regional capacity for experimental research is concentrated in a small number of institutions and strongly supplemented through international collaboration. Topics studied reflect the advent of behavioural public administration. Although progress is being made in reporting experimental designs, much work is needed in the region to bring greater transparency to scholarship. We conclude by encouraging scholars to more robustly implement and report experimental research and by outlining future directions.
公共行政学者越来越多地使用实验研究来发展更有力的因果推理和更大的方法能力。在此背景下,我们考察了实验性研究在亚太地区开展的程度,并评估了该地区的能力。我们对Web of Science的期刊引文报告(Journal Citation Reports)公共管理板块中亚太地区学者发表的30篇文章的回顾发现,该地区的实验研究能力集中在少数机构中,并通过国际合作得到有力补充。所研究的主题反映了行为公共行政的出现。尽管在报告实验设计方面正在取得进展,但该地区还需要做大量工作,以提高学术研究的透明度。最后,我们鼓励学者们更有力地实施和报告实验研究,并概述未来的发展方向。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration
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