“I fear they harmed my father on the road!” On October 20, 1742, An Rong pleaded with the prefect of Shanzhou prefecture, Henan, for an official inquiry into an imprisoned laoguazei. Two years earlier, while at home to the north in Jiangzhou prefecture, Shanxi, An Rong had received a letter from the clerk working in his father’s flower shop far to the northeast in Xinle county, Zhili, asking for his father to come as soon as possible. But his father had left home a month earlier and should have arrived by then. What had happened on the way? Was he stranded in some place, sick from eating the wrong food or incapacitated with a broken leg from falling off the mule? Had he been bitten by a snake, robbed by gangsters, or taken by bandits? With all kinds of dreadful possibilities rushing through his mind, An Rong had left home to look for his father. But two years of futile searching slowly drained his hope. Finally, upon learning of a recently captured gang who had murdered many travelers over the years across Henan, Shandong, and Zhili, An Rong rushed to
{"title":"Dangers on the Road: Travelers, Laoguazei, and the State in Eighteenth-Century North China","authors":"Hui-hung Chen","doi":"10.1353/LATE.2019.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/LATE.2019.0003","url":null,"abstract":"“I fear they harmed my father on the road!” On October 20, 1742, An Rong pleaded with the prefect of Shanzhou prefecture, Henan, for an official inquiry into an imprisoned laoguazei. Two years earlier, while at home to the north in Jiangzhou prefecture, Shanxi, An Rong had received a letter from the clerk working in his father’s flower shop far to the northeast in Xinle county, Zhili, asking for his father to come as soon as possible. But his father had left home a month earlier and should have arrived by then. What had happened on the way? Was he stranded in some place, sick from eating the wrong food or incapacitated with a broken leg from falling off the mule? Had he been bitten by a snake, robbed by gangsters, or taken by bandits? With all kinds of dreadful possibilities rushing through his mind, An Rong had left home to look for his father. But two years of futile searching slowly drained his hope. Finally, upon learning of a recently captured gang who had murdered many travelers over the years across Henan, Shandong, and Zhili, An Rong rushed to","PeriodicalId":43948,"journal":{"name":"LATE IMPERIAL CHINA","volume":"40 1","pages":"132 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/LATE.2019.0003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49220204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Message from the Editor","authors":"Steven B. Miles","doi":"10.1353/late.2019.0000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/late.2019.0000","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43948,"journal":{"name":"LATE IMPERIAL CHINA","volume":"40 1","pages":"v - v"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/late.2019.0000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45725869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chimes of Empire: The Construction of Jade Instruments and Territory in Eighteenth-Century China","authors":"Yulian Wu","doi":"10.1353/LATE.2019.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/LATE.2019.0002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43948,"journal":{"name":"LATE IMPERIAL CHINA","volume":"40 1","pages":"43 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/LATE.2019.0002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43480055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On the eve of the founding of the Qing Dynasty (1636–1911), prior to the conquest of China, alliances with Mongol rulers from the southern part of Mongolia, a territory approximately corresponding to modern Inner Mongolia, bolstered Manchu military power. These military alliances were rooted in practices inherited from the steppe, and during the 1620s Manchu and Mongol political elites interacted fundamentally as equals. Following the strengthening of Manchu military power, however, Mongol noblemen gradually became vassals of the “Manchu khan.” After the coronation of Hong Taiji as Boγda Qaγan (Holy Khan) in 1636, the Manchus granted Mongol noblemen honorific titles as rewards for their loyalty. Nevertheless, integration into the new Qing order increasingly limited Mongol autonomy. The transition to a new political system after the conquest of China posed many challenges and required an adjustment of the earlier ManchuMongol relationship. The Qing rulers divided the Mongols into banners (Mo. qosiγu, Ch. qi), each ruled by a hereditary official called a J̌asaγ, but this organization did not override existing sociopolitical structures, nor did it eliminate the privileges of the Mongol nobles.1 In order to guarantee the integrity of the Mongol legal tradition and thus to win over the Mongols, the Qing state enacted a set of rules mostly based on older Mongol legal institutions. For example, the Qing confirmed the
在清朝(1636-1911)建立前夕，在征服中国之前，与蒙古南部的蒙古统治者结盟，这一地区大约相当于现在的内蒙古，增强了满族的军事力量。这些军事联盟根植于从草原继承下来的实践，在1620年代，满族和蒙古的政治精英基本上是平等互动的。然而，随着满族军事力量的增强，蒙古贵族逐渐成为“满族可汗”的附庸。1636年，洪太极加冕为宝γ达γ安(圣汗)后，满族人授予蒙古贵族尊号，作为对他们忠诚的奖励。然而，融入清朝的新秩序日益限制了蒙古人的自治权。征服中国后向新政治体制的过渡带来了许多挑战，需要调整早期的满蒙关系。清朝统治者将蒙古人划分为旗(moqosiγ u, chqi)，每个旗由一个世袭官员(称为J ā asasa γ)统治，但这种组织并没有凌驾于现有的社会政治结构之上，也没有消除蒙古贵族的特权为了保证蒙古法律传统的完整性，从而赢得蒙古人的支持，清政府制定了一套主要基于蒙古旧法律制度的规则。例如，清朝确认了
{"title":"The Legal Administration of Qing Mongolia","authors":"F. Constant","doi":"10.1353/LATE.2019.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/LATE.2019.0004","url":null,"abstract":"On the eve of the founding of the Qing Dynasty (1636–1911), prior to the conquest of China, alliances with Mongol rulers from the southern part of Mongolia, a territory approximately corresponding to modern Inner Mongolia, bolstered Manchu military power. These military alliances were rooted in practices inherited from the steppe, and during the 1620s Manchu and Mongol political elites interacted fundamentally as equals. Following the strengthening of Manchu military power, however, Mongol noblemen gradually became vassals of the “Manchu khan.” After the coronation of Hong Taiji as Boγda Qaγan (Holy Khan) in 1636, the Manchus granted Mongol noblemen honorific titles as rewards for their loyalty. Nevertheless, integration into the new Qing order increasingly limited Mongol autonomy. The transition to a new political system after the conquest of China posed many challenges and required an adjustment of the earlier ManchuMongol relationship. The Qing rulers divided the Mongols into banners (Mo. qosiγu, Ch. qi), each ruled by a hereditary official called a J̌asaγ, but this organization did not override existing sociopolitical structures, nor did it eliminate the privileges of the Mongol nobles.1 In order to guarantee the integrity of the Mongol legal tradition and thus to win over the Mongols, the Qing state enacted a set of rules mostly based on older Mongol legal institutions. For example, the Qing confirmed the","PeriodicalId":43948,"journal":{"name":"LATE IMPERIAL CHINA","volume":"40 1","pages":"133 - 173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/LATE.2019.0004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46789787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The editors intend for this occasional feature to spotlight a scholar's thoughtful engagement with a single primary source. The title is deliberately playful: We hope that these short pieces will both inspire and delight.
{"title":"Juicy Bits from the Archive: Toward an Environmental Microhistory: Lessons from the Muwa Gisun","authors":"Jonathan Schlesinger","doi":"10.1353/LATE.2018.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/LATE.2018.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The editors intend for this occasional feature to spotlight a scholar's thoughtful engagement with a single primary source. The title is deliberately playful: We hope that these short pieces will both inspire and delight.","PeriodicalId":43948,"journal":{"name":"LATE IMPERIAL CHINA","volume":"39 1","pages":"1 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/LATE.2018.0008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43557511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In late imperial China, graves, in addition to serving as the resting places of the dead, served as a powerful mechanism for claiming land, securing and hiding wealth, and expressing social status. They were particularly effective because of several compounding factors. Ming Taizu’s ban on cremation in 1370 essentially mandated the creation of graves, while the spread of the lineage institution across China in the subsequent centuries disseminated burial practices associated with Neo-Confucian ritual.1 The imperial state recognized the power of graves and the dead buried in them through its law code and its administration. The legal code prescribed harsh punishments for those who violated gravesites.2 For those who had failed to receive a proper burial or had passed away unpropitiously, the
{"title":"The Deeds of the Dead in the Courts of the Living: Graves in Qing Law","authors":"T. G. Brown","doi":"10.1353/LATE.2018.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/LATE.2018.0011","url":null,"abstract":"In late imperial China, graves, in addition to serving as the resting places of the dead, served as a powerful mechanism for claiming land, securing and hiding wealth, and expressing social status. They were particularly effective because of several compounding factors. Ming Taizu’s ban on cremation in 1370 essentially mandated the creation of graves, while the spread of the lineage institution across China in the subsequent centuries disseminated burial practices associated with Neo-Confucian ritual.1 The imperial state recognized the power of graves and the dead buried in them through its law code and its administration. The legal code prescribed harsh punishments for those who violated gravesites.2 For those who had failed to receive a proper burial or had passed away unpropitiously, the","PeriodicalId":43948,"journal":{"name":"LATE IMPERIAL CHINA","volume":"39 1","pages":"109 - 155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/LATE.2018.0011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47979443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The morning arrival of book boats was a welcome sight to Chen Zhan, a distinguished scholar and book collector. As he notes in the comment accompanying his poem, there were no book stores in Xiashi, the town in central Haining county northeast of Hangzhou where he was born and lived for many years: these itinerant peddlers were his only commercial source for books. His remark is of interest to book historians on two counts.2 First, it suggests that even in the economically prosperous
{"title":"The Distant Sound of Book Boats: The Itinerant Book Trade in Jiangnan from the Sixteenth to the Nineteenth Centuries","authors":"Fan Wang","doi":"10.1353/LATE.2018.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/LATE.2018.0009","url":null,"abstract":"The morning arrival of book boats was a welcome sight to Chen Zhan, a distinguished scholar and book collector. As he notes in the comment accompanying his poem, there were no book stores in Xiashi, the town in central Haining county northeast of Hangzhou where he was born and lived for many years: these itinerant peddlers were his only commercial source for books. His remark is of interest to book historians on two counts.2 First, it suggests that even in the economically prosperous","PeriodicalId":43948,"journal":{"name":"LATE IMPERIAL CHINA","volume":"39 1","pages":"17 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/LATE.2018.0009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49375641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Combating Illness-Causing Demons in the Home: Fabing Treatises and Their Circulation from the Late Ming Through the Early Republican Period","authors":"Ying Zhang","doi":"10.1353/LATE.2018.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/LATE.2018.0010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43948,"journal":{"name":"LATE IMPERIAL CHINA","volume":"39 1","pages":"108 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/LATE.2018.0010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46671945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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