Anuario de Psicologia最新文献

Emotions have an important impact on our lives, becoming a very important weapon to face life successfully. For this, we have tools that allow us to identify and manage emotions. For this reason, this work has as main objective to analyze the existence of significant differences in the types and levels of happiness and emotional intelligence, based on the sociodemographic factors age, gender, culture and socioeconomic and cultura, as well as the relationships that could be given between both variables. To make it possible we focused on 811 participants from six educational centers; 71.6% of the total were Muslims and 28.4% belonged to the Christian religion, 46.1% were male and 53.9% female. The techniques used in this survey were a happiness questionnaire, as well as an emotional intelligence questionnaire, built for their use. The results reflect medium-high levels in happiness. It is influenced in a very different way by the sociodemographic factors of age, gender, culture and socioeconomic and cultural, conversely. Emotional intelligence is influenced in a very different way by the sociodemographic factors of age, gender, culture and socioeconomic and cultural. There is a statistically significant relationship between happiness and emotional intelligence. This relationship is directly proportional.

Objective

To examine the association of self-efficacy with psychological well-being in people with spinal cord injury.

Method

In this cross-sectional study, 94 individuals older than 18 years with spinal cord injury caused by a traffic accident participated. For data collection, a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale and the Ryff Psychological Well-Being Scale were administered.

Results

At older age and more time of the spinal cord injury, greater self-efficacy. Significant relationships between self-efficacy and psychological well-being were obtained. According to the different degrees of self-efficacy, those with high and moderate self-efficacy obtain better scores on self-acceptance, positive relationships, environment control, life purpose and personal growth than those with low self-efficacy.

Conclusions

People with spinal cord injury with greater self-efficacy perceive more psychological well-being, so that the increase in self-efficacy on the part of this group will result in a greater sense of well-being. This suggests the importance of deepening this association since it will favor a successful adaptation and integration to the environment.

Background

In the light of the growing presence of a fourth generation in families, that of the great-grandparents, this study examines the interaction between individuals of this generation and their great-grandchildren taking into account their prior role as grandparents and certain sociodemographic characteristics.

Methods

Descriptive study with 46 participants with great-grandchildren, who completed an interview that involved answering questions about sociodemographic variables and some of the most frequent intergenerational activities. The Wilcoxon, Kruskal–Wallis, and Mann–Whitney U nonparametric tests were used to analyze the data.

Results

The data showed that 80.5% of the great-grandparents engage in interaction with their great-grandchildren in all the activities studied; further, these activities coincide with those previously shared with their grandchildren, albeit at a much lower rate. Age, the presence of health problems, and the number of great-grandchildren are related to a reduction in the frequency of certain shared activities between great-grandparents and great-grandchildren.

Conclusions

The results of this initial study of the great-grandparenthood role can help show how this generation's socializing role can be complementary to the other extended family roles of grandparenthood and parenthood. Our improved understanding of this role can help us better plan for optimizing interventions over the four generations.

Well-designed clinical trials are the gold standard for evidence-based research and for the assessment of the effectiveness of a clinical intervention. Methodological guidelines are available from various sources, such as textbook, funding applications and institutional guidelines. Nevertheless, a high number of published trials still lack methodological rigor, decreasing their utility, quality and scientific validity. In this article, we aim at providing some methodological recommendations for the development and report of a clinical trial, including the definition and recruitment of the sample, the basic study designs, randomization, blindness, data analysis and data report. Finally, we will discuss some of the most important ethical issues.

The different approaches that have been investigated to understand the human being offer a territory to (re)visit, in order to broaden the horizon of psychotherapeutic practice. In this sensitivity, the main features of existential psychology are described here, from the writings of the psychiatrist Ludwig Binswanger, having referred previously some ideas of the philosopher Martin Buber. Based on these characteristics, a heuristic is proposed that allows to incorporate principles of the existential psychology in the psychotherapeutic practice; specifically, shaping the main characteristics of the patient's or client's being-in-the-world through authentic dialogue. This dialogue considers the meaning of the experience of self-descriptions (self-being) and activities performed (world outline). The proposal developed aims to favor putting into practice the core of existential psychology in psychotherapeutic practice.

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) is a chronic metabolic disease with important repercussions in the life of the patients who suffer it. Its metabolic control is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality rates, which depends on physiological, economic, social and psychological factors. The objective of this study was to determine the association between psychological factors and metabolic control of patients with DM2.

Materials and methods

The methodological approach was descriptive cross-sectional, with analysis of cases and controls, in a group of 60 participants with diagnosis of DM2, 30 with controlled diabetes (DC) and 30 with uncontrolled diabetes (DNC); defined by the serum levels of glycosylated hemoglobin.

Results

Correlational analysis was performed using the Spearman test, to establish the relationship between glycosylated hemoglobin and psychological variables, showing significant correlations of <0.01 for somatic symptoms and <0.05 for depression and family support, for the group with DNC.

Discussion

These results suggest that there is a relationship between psychological factors and metabolic control. However, from the clinical point of view, the importance of taking into account depression and somatic symptoms, as comorbid variables, which influence an adequate metabolic control and the decrease of morbidity and mortality in this group of patients is highlighted.

The aim of this paper is to provide an update of the literature on the relationship between creativity and personality. Personality traits from Three Giants and Big Five (FFM) models show complex relationships with creativity. It reflects on the impact that the domain generality-specificity debate has had on the creativity-personality relationship. The main findings of recent studies within specific domains are also presented. Theoretical proposals that aim to overcome the fragmentation and stagnation of the field are reviewed. They try to reconcile contradictory empirical evidence and progress towards an integrated understanding of the relationship between personality and creativity. Finally, challenges and future lines of research are discussed.

In Europe, the problem of homelessness far from disappearing has increased. Europe faces the ambivalence of treasuring within its borders the best examples of welfare states and while contemplating how social inequalities are accentuated and the shortage of roof and work are perpetuated.

Moreover, interest in palliative care and a dignified death, has been gaining ground in recent decades. Palliative care being recognized as the most weighted, complete and satisfactory answer to be given to the needs of assistance that involves the terminal stage in the life of a patient.

The development of palliative care has not been uniform in all European countries or in different regions. The Economist report (2015) recently highlighted a pioneering program in Spain consisting of the creation of 42 teams of psychosocial and spiritual care of patients with advanced disease.

One of these teams has initiated a pioneer program to care homeless patients who are in palliative, advanced or chronic disease situation.

This article reviews the situation of homelessness in Europe and Spain, with special emphasis on the prevalence and causes of mortality as well as the specifics of palliative care in the homeless. Finally presents our experience after two years working as clinical psychologists homeless patients.

Attention was manipulated sensu Lavie's perceptual load theory to short time presentations (200 ms) of task-irrelevant unfamiliar unaltered faces, hands, and houses. Participants performed a letter detection task (X vs. N) under high (6 different letters) or low (6 identical letters) attentional load conditions. Letter strings were superimposed on task-irrelevant stimuli. Replicating and extending previous findings, while the typical pattern of face selectivity (faces > hands > houses) was observed under low load, N170 to faces, houses, and hands converged under high load. High load reduced N170 to faces, increased N170 to houses, and did not affect N170 to hands. These findings demonstrate that the category selectivity of N170 strongly depends on selective attention for faces and objects, while body parts and human bodies insensitive to selective attention.