Anuario de Psicologia最新文献

The use of nutraceuticals as pharmacotherapies aids used in the treatment of bipolar disorder (BD) has been evaluated in recent years. The purpose of this review is to examine the current level of evidence regarding the effectiveness of nutraceuticals as an adjunct to drug therapy in the treatment of BD.

Methodology

A comprehensive search of publications on bipolar and nutraceuticals disorder bases Data were: PubMed / Medline, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, using related nutraceuticals and BD in April 2016 in terms according to sanitary protocol PRISMA, test Guidelines (Moher, Liberati, Tetzlaff, & Altman, 2009; Urrútia and Bofill, 2010). This proposal provides guidance for optimal reporting of systematic review protocols.

Results

The evidence is inconclusive. In some cases it is suggested that the treatment in BD could potentially be improved by the additional use of certain nutraceuticals combined with traditional drug therapy.

Discussion

There is no consensus regarding the use of nutraceuticals as adjunctive therapy to pharmacological therapy in BD.

In this paper, we study complex or executive attention based on sex and difficulty of switching attention task. An experimental study was carried out using a mixed complex 2 × 4 design in which 48 students participated performing the Complex Attention task of the Spanish version of PSSCogRehab 2012 software. Data analysis was performed using a factorial variance analysis for mixed complex designs and the Mann-Whitney U-statistic. The results showed that there are no significant differences between the performance of males and females in terms of success, however, males tend to be faster when the switching attention task is easy; the gap between the sexes ceases to be significant as the level of complexity of the task increases. It was found that the difficulty of the task significantly influences the process of attentional change since as the level of complexity increases, the successes decrease and the response time increases in both sexes. The global change costs of men and women were estimated at different levels of difficulty, however, no significant differences were found between sexes. These results suggest similarities rather than differences between the sexes, at least in a cognitive process, which has social, educational and even clinical implications related to the evaluation of executive attention and the treatment of attentional disorders.

This paper provides some brief guidelines about what aspects are relevant when planning an observational epidemiological study and, consequently, what basic information should be taken into account when reporting this type of study. Thus, a distinction is made between prevalent cases and incident cases, as well as a differentiation between descriptive studies and relational studies. The former are basically used to determine the health status of the population while the latter are focused on the study of the etiology of the disorder under study. In the relational studies, we differentiate between cross-sectional, cohort and case-control studies, and for each of them the basic elements to be taken into account are specified, such as the definition of the observation period and, consequently, the time at risk, the determination of the disorder status, the exposure status and other factors to be taken into account. In this last point, special reference is made to the importance of the reliability and validity of the measurement instruments used to determine this status, and, in particular, to some epidemiological indices such as sensitivity and specificity as well as predictive values.

Objective

The present study is aimed to analyze different emotional intelligence (EI) profiles in a group of people with spinal cord injury by traffic accidents. At the same time, significant differences in psychological well-being among profiles previously identified are also analyzed.

Method

Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24 (TMMS-24) and the Psychological Well-Being Scale of Ryff [Escala de Bienestar Psicológico de Ryff] were administered to 94 people with spinal cord injury by traffic accidents, aged from 21 to 55 years (M = 38.68; SD = 7.36).

Results

Cluster analyses allowed identifying three different EI profiles: a group of students with low EI profile, a group with predominance of high emotional clarity and emotional regulation and low emotional attention, and finally, a group of young people with high IE. Also, results revealed significant statistical differences in most domains of well-being among profiles. The people in groups with high overall scores in EI and clarity and repair emotional obtained higher scores on the different profiles of psychological well-being.

Conclusion

Results suggest the need of going in depth on EI knowledge and design psychological well-being programs for people with spinal cord injury.

The Remoralization Scale (RS) was developed in order to measure an individual's state in terms of how the person perceives him or herself in relation to his/her self-concept, self-value, hope, empowerment and positive anticipation. However, there is no data on the psychometric properties of the instrument in a non-clinical population. The aim of this study was to validate a Spanish version of the Remoralization Scale (RS) in a non-clinical sample with a prevention objective and/or the promotion of mental health. The original version of the RS was translated into Spanish and it was applied to a non-clinical sample of 1443 university students in Argentina (18–25 years old). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to study the factorial structure and the validity of the construct. Results suggest that a two factor-model (self-satisfaction and self-concept) results in the best fit for this non-clinical population. The reliability of the total scale and for both sub-scales was moderate to high. Discriminant analysis and contrasting groups analysis showed significant results: the clinical sample and the depression-symptoms sample showed less “remoralization” than the non-clinical sample and a group without depression symptoms, respectively. Results are discussed taking into account previous conceptualizations and studies. In conclusion, the RS was validated for its use in a non-clinical Argentinean population. Regarding its construct validity, a two-factor model with high reliability was obtained.

The research aims to analyze the scientific productivity in the field of work/organizational psychology (WOP) in the last 25 years. We focus our analysis on the most influential journals and articles, generally and for 5-year periods, as well as structures of co-citation among the highest quality journals based on their h-index. We found that a high percentage of papers published each year receive between 5 and 10 cites. Secondly, we observe an exponential increase in the number of papers published, citations, and h-index. Additionally, the number of self-citations significantly increases in the last 5 years. In this sense, we consider that the most recent papers need more time to increase their level of citation and, subsequently, to correct the bias on self-citation. This research shows the status of research in the field of work/organizational psychology, analyzing the scientific journals and papers published in the Web of Science.

The current text provides advice on the content of an article reporting a single-case design research. The advice is drawn from several sources, such as the Single-case research in behavioral sciences reporting guidelines, developed by an international panel of experts, scholarly articles on reporting, methodological quality scales, and the author's professional experience. The indications provided on the Introduction, Discussion, and Abstract are very general and applicable to many instances of applied psychological research across domains. In contrast, more space is dedicated to the Method and Results sections, on the basis of the peculiarities of single-case designs methodology and the complications in term s of data analysis. Specifically, regarding the Method, several aspects strengthening (or allowing the assessment of) the internal validity are underlined, as well as information relevant for evaluating the possibility to generalize the results. Regarding the Results, the focus is put on justifying the analytical approach followed. The author considers that, even if a study does not meet methodological quality standards, it should include sufficiently explicit reporting that makes possible assessing its methodological quality. The importance of reporting all data gathered, including unexpected and undesired results, is also highlighted. Finally, a checklist is provided as a summary of the reporting tips.

Introduction

The online support groups for people with disability have become an attractive resource for the exchange of prosocial behavior. The present study identifies the prosocial behavior of a sample of users of the online support groups for people with disabilities according to the type and stage in which the disability was acquired. In addition, to identify significant differences in prosocial behavior according to the gender, age and grade of education.

Method

A total of 162 people with different disabilities (physical, intellectual, visual and auditory) participated. Aged 20 y 59 (M = 37.40; SD = 7.04). They completed the Prosocialness Scale for Adults (2005).

Results

The results indicated more developed prosocial behavior in participants of online support groups with motor disability, as well as among users with disabilities acquired at birth. In turn, women scored significantly higher than males on all dimensions of prosocial behavior.

Discussion

The results of this study can be useful as they highlight that online support groups could help to design prosocial behavior programs for people with disability.

Mice of the inbred C57Bl/6J strain displayed high variability in the antibody response of the IgG class to heat-aggregated bovine serum albumin. A cluster analysis (with 1-correlation coefficient as distance) disclosed two groups of mice: those mice than produced an augmented secondary antibody response, and those that did not; another cluster analysis (with difference in antibody concentration as distance) on each of the above groups disclosed small groups of mice, or individual mice, with varying antibody content. Antibody concentration was not associated with ambulation, rearing, grooming, or defecation in the open-field, but ambulation was positively correlated with rearing.