Recherche en Soins Infirmiers最新文献

This analysis of Fawcett’s ideas will situate the role played by her model in the discipline in relation to its organization of knowledge and its role in the move to institutionalize the nursing discipline. By providing an in-depth epistemological analysis, locating the relationships between this concept and Popper’s work, and showing how Fawcett draws on a specific vision of science, the article presents a fresh look at the model while situating it within its assumptions. It also addresses some of its limitations and draws conclusions about its role in the move to institutionalize the nursing discipline.

Among the different forms of knowledge, experiential knowledge is widely used in certain activities in the field of health. Most often connected to patients, it is also discussed in relation to health professionals, but less frequently. This article offers some points of reference and clarifies what underlies experiential knowledge. These points of reference are based on definitions of experience and knowledge, as well as work on the type of knowledge created by experience. An exploration of the contexts in which “experiential knowledge” has emerged and the focus of the disciplines that discuss it finds few epistemological connections between knowledge and experience. In the humanities and social sciences, experiential knowledge is most often connected to patients or adults in educational situations. With regard to nursing knowledge, the analysis of Carper and Lechasseur’s work on the nature of nursing knowledge reveals how the characteristics of experience are integrated into their typologies, particularly when it comes to artistic and personal knowledge. The explicit absence of experience in these typologies is then questioned with regard to the scientific imperatives that nursing science, at this particular period in its construction, is determined to promote.

Clinical practice, generally identified as a medical activity, is also a feature of other professions. Anecdotal evidence generally shows that nurses, but also the people they work with and the recipients of care, do not identify their "bedside" activity as "clinical practice." However, from the initial training stage onward, teaching and learning center on providing people with care. Professional practices focus essentially on clinical activity with the acquisition and mobilization of knowledge produced by various disciplines, including nursing.Clinical practice can be approached in various ways depending on the field of study and/or the objectives pursued. To better understand nursing clinical practice, considered as a whole, we focus in particular on its purpose, language, phases, and the substance of each stage.Clarification of nursing clinical practice is of value both epistemologically and in relation to social utility : this latter by making it possible to standardize the modalities of exposure to nursing care situations, making visible the activities of care conception and practice by nurses.This article aims to lay the foundations for reflecting on a vast and complex field. Clarifying nursing clinical practice and considering it in its entirety constitutes a change of perspective. It allows us to see it as a whole and in its constituent parts, to situate each element according to its purpose and function, to carry out critical analyses, and to contribute to the development of knowledge. Understanding of nursing clinical practice and its related issues, notably in terms of structure and language, has begun to emerge, but also poses a challenge for nursing.

This article presents Reed’s perspective on the development of nursing knowledge. Her concept is embedded in the perspective of intermodernism. For Reed, intermodernism is a philosophy for nursing science and practice and thus represents a way of looking at the content, structure, and process of scientific theory. Reed presents her concept in the form of a spiral path composed of the philosophical, practical, and theoretical dimensions of nursing knowledge. After an overview of Reed’s perspective, we offer an illustration of her proposal with Lawler’s theoretical development of somology. Lawler’s development pathway can be used to incorporate the components of Reed’s spiral path in a meaningful way. The discussion shows how Reed’s concept can improve the description and understanding of a nursing knowledge development process. Finally, the article provides a rare summary of Reed’s work in French.

Introduction : Historically, it is accepted that women caregivers have always had care-giving roles. Care is expressed in various ways in professional acts.Background : A context where nursing activity is more centered on technical and cure-related acts raises questions about the role of care-related professional knowledge in nursing.Objective : To present the results of a study looking at the identification of care-related professional acts in the activity of nurses in care-providing situations and their links to nursing knowledge.Method : The study was conducted in the context of clinical activity using simple self-confrontation and lookalike instruction methods. Data were collected from independent nurses through recordings and note-taking and then analyzed to categorize them using the frames of reference of lexical analysis, enunciative topics and the typology of nursing knowledge.Results : Four types of care-related professional acts were identified : acts of atmosphere, acts of solicitude, acts of evaluation, and acts of regulation. The results made it possible to design a tool for analyzing these care-related professional acts.Discussion : Care-related professional acts exist and can be identified. Analysis of the results confirms that experience transforms knowledge of various kinds into practical knowledge.Conclusion : The confrontation between professional practice and the various types of knowledge acquired enables the construction of professional knowledge.

The way of approaching knowledge construction in our discipline often involves reflection on paradigms such as reaction, reciprocal interaction, or simultaneous action. There is a belief in our discipline that complexity science or complex systems can only be approached by drawing on postmodern epistemology and simultaneous action. It therefore seemed interesting to reflect on complexity in nursing by taking as a starting point the reflection on complex thinking, on complex systems in the social sciences and in philosophy. Indeed, these invite us not to take a position at the ontological level, and to approach complexity from a radical constructivism perspective rather than one of phenomenological constructivism, which takes a position at the ontological level. This reflection is split into two distinct parts. In the first part, we trace the most important points of the work on complexity in the social sciences. In the second part, we question the ontological and epistemological foundations underlying the understanding of complexity in the nursing discipline.

The historical development of nursing knowledge reflects the political, social, and professional contexts that have shaped it, but also different visions of science and scientific knowledge. This article focuses on these two elements, science and scientific nursing knowledge, in order to examine nursing knowledge in the context in which it was proposed. Examining the influences that have shaped its development allows us to situate it among what were recognized as the modalities of knowledge development and the structures of knowledge formulation. By looking back we thus seek to appreciate the true value of nursing knowledge by providing keys to understanding its particular nature in relation to contemporary views of knowledge formulation, and to highlight the merits of those who helped lay the foundations for disciplinary knowledge. This historical overview of the development of nursing knowledge raises awareness of the status and growth of nursing knowledge and of the theorists who made it possible. It also seeks to restore and inspire a respect for its pioneers that is often lacking in nursing.

Every academic discipline nurturing its own science draws on the development and dissemination of a knowledge. In pursuit of this project, the nursing discipline has proposed various conceptualizations of knowledge. The one developed by Chinn and Kramer, following Carper’s work, is without doubt the most prominent and most often borrowed concept in discussing the epistemological foundations of the discipline. This thoughtful article proposes an in-depth critical analysis of this theoretical development by focusing on “personal” and “esthetic” knowledge. As part of the analysis, the author scrutinizes the inherent logics that support these patterns of knowing. Finally, the author highlights some overinterpretations and discrepancies with regard to nursing practice.