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Post-materialism’s Social Class Divide: Experiences and Life Satisfaction 后唯物主义的社会阶层划分:经验与生活满意度
IF 0.7 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-10-15 DOI: 10.1177/0971685820946180
D. Booth
Over last half of the twentieth century, a silent revolution in post-material values made significant advances around the world. The formation of post-material values also resulted in expanded participation in post-material experiences such as joining voluntary groups, pursuing creativity and independence in the world of work, and engaging in political actions—experiences that go beyond a strict focus on accumulating economic wealth and material possessions. Because social class position matters for being a post-materialist, a class divide exists between middle-class post-materialists and working-class materialists who occupy the lower end of the social class spectrum. This article will show that such a divide occurs, first for participation in post-material experiences and second for the attainment of life satisfaction. Using data from the World Values Survey, evidence will be provided in this article showing that members of the working class participate less in post-material experiences than others and, as a consequence, enjoy lower life satisfaction than others, especially post-materialists. In light of working-class-supported right-wing populism’s recent emergence in the USA and Europe, this social class divide takes on a special significance in explaining shifting trends in politics and public policy.
在二十世纪后半叶,一场无声的后物质价值革命在世界各地取得了重大进展。后物质价值观的形成也导致了对后物质体验的更多参与,如加入志愿团体、在工作中追求创造力和独立性以及参与政治行动——这些体验超越了对积累经济财富和物质财富的严格关注。由于作为后唯物主义者,社会阶级地位很重要,中产阶级的后唯物主义和处于社会阶级光谱低端的工人阶级唯物主义之间存在阶级分歧。这篇文章将表明,这种分歧会发生,首先是参与后物质体验,其次是获得生活满意度。利用世界价值观调查的数据,本文将提供证据表明,工人阶级成员比其他人更少地参与后物质体验,因此,他们的生活满意度低于其他人,尤其是后唯物主义者。鉴于工人阶级支持的右翼民粹主义最近在美国和欧洲出现,这种社会阶级分歧在解释政治和公共政策变化趋势方面具有特殊意义。
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引用次数: 4
Burnout Among Primary Government School Teachers: The Mediating Role of Work– Family Conflict 公办小学教师职业倦怠:工作-家庭冲突的中介作用
IF 0.7 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/0971685820953989
Arjun Chakravorty, Pankaj Singh
Although the impact of job demands and work–family conflict (WFC) on burnout has been extensively discussed and analysed in the past literature, the role of WFC as a generative mechanism has been neglected. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the mediating effects of WFC between job demands and burnout. The studied sample consisted of 713 Indian primary school government teachers who completed a self-report questionnaire assessing job demands, WFC and burnout. The results confirmed that WFC partially mediates the adverse association of job demands with burnout. Primary schools should, therefore, be encouraged to provide effective practices to manage work–family interfaces.
尽管工作需求和工作-家庭冲突(WFC)对倦怠的影响在过去的文献中得到了广泛的讨论和分析,但WFC作为一种生成机制的作用却被忽视了。因此,本研究的目的是检验WFC在工作需求和倦怠之间的中介作用。研究样本包括713名印度小学政府教师,他们完成了一份自我报告问卷,评估工作需求、WFC和倦怠。研究结果证实,WFC在一定程度上介导了工作需求与倦怠的不良关联。因此,应该鼓励小学提供有效的做法来管理工作-家庭界面。
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引用次数: 3
Leadership Effectiveness and Psychological Well-being: The Role of Workplace Spirituality 领导效能与心理健康:职场精神的作用
IF 0.7 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-09-20 DOI: 10.1177/0971685820947334
S. Riasudeen, Pankaj Singh
The purpose of this article is to examine the relationship of leadership effectiveness and psychological well-being with the work outcomes of intention to quit, job involvement and organization-based self-esteem (OBSE), and whether workplace spirituality plays a role in mediating the associations of leadership effectiveness and psychological well-being with work outcomes. The study is cross-sectional and non-experimental. Data were obtained from 630 information technology (IT) employees from South India, adopting ‘power calculations’. The analysis was performed using SPSS version 20 for Windows and LISREL version 8.72. Results reveal that leadership effectiveness and psychological well-being have a significant positive association with workplace spirituality, and this, in turn, has an impact on the work outcomes of intention to quit, job involvement and OBSE. Workplace spirituality can limit any negative associations of leadership effectiveness and psychological well-being with work outcomes. This research adds to the existing body of knowledge in the spirituality literature by drawing attention to the positive aspects of the interplay between spirituality, leadership transformation and well-being at work. The article concludes that building core values anchoring spirituality would lead to greater connectedness and healthier employee outcomes.
本文的目的是检验领导效能和心理健康与辞职意向、工作参与和组织自尊(OBSE)的工作结果之间的关系,以及工作场所精神是否在领导效能和精神健康与工作结果的关联中发挥中介作用。这项研究是横断面的,非实验性的。数据来自南印度的630名信息技术(IT)员工,采用“功率计算”。使用SPSS version 20 for Windows和LISREL version 8.72进行分析。研究结果表明,领导效能和心理健康与工作场所精神有显著的正相关,这反过来又对辞职意向、工作参与和OBSE的工作结果产生了影响。工作场所的精神可以限制领导效能和心理健康与工作结果之间的任何负面联系。这项研究通过提请人们注意精神、领导力转变和工作幸福感之间相互作用的积极方面,增加了精神文学中现有的知识体系。文章的结论是,建立锚定精神的核心价值观将带来更大的联系和更健康的员工结果。
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引用次数: 14
Nationalist Thought in Modern India: Exploration of the Idea of Freedom 现代印度的民族主义思想:自由思想的探索
IF 0.7 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-09-15 DOI: 10.1177/0971685820943395
P. Desai
Modern Indian nationalist thought has dealt with political ideas such as freedom, equality, liberty, democracy, so on and so forth. The idea of freedom received enough attention on the part of most of the modern Indian political thinkers. However, the idea of freedom as envisaged by the nationalist thinkers did not receive positive response from the other stream of modern Indian thought. Dalit-Bahujan political thinkers questioned the narration of freedom as propagated by the nationalist thinkers. Nationalist thinkers aspired for universal values and at the same time reaffirmed ancient religious principles. Such effort was questioned and doubted by the other thinkers of modern India. Thus, one can find different narrations of freedom, such as social, economic and political. The social categories such as caste, class and gender became bases for their narration on the idea of freedom. The ideas and arguments of B. G. Tilak, M. K. Gandhi, Pandita Ramabai, Jyotiba Phule, B. R. Ambedkar E. M. S. Namboodripad and others would help in larger understanding of the idea of freedom.
现代印度民族主义思想涉及诸如自由、平等、自由、民主等政治理念。自由的概念得到了大多数现代印度政治思想家的足够重视。然而,民族主义思想家所设想的自由观念并没有得到现代印度思想的其他流派的积极回应。达利特-巴胡扬政治思想家质疑民族主义思想家所宣传的自由叙事。民族主义思想家渴望普世价值,同时又重申古老的宗教原则。这种努力受到了现代印度其他思想家的质疑和怀疑。因此,人们可以找到不同的自由叙述,如社会的,经济的和政治的。种姓、阶级、性别等社会范畴成为他们叙述自由观念的基础。提拉克(b.g. Tilak)、甘地(m.k. Gandhi)、潘迪塔·拉马拜(Pandita Ramabai)、乔蒂巴·普勒(Jyotiba Phule)、安贝德卡(b.r. Ambedkar)、南布德里帕德(e.m.s. Namboodripad)等人的思想和论点有助于更深入地理解自由的概念。
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引用次数: 1
The Normativity of Work: Lockean and Marxist Overlapping Consensus on Just Work 工作的规范性:洛克与马克思主义关于公正工作的重叠共识
IF 0.7 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/0971685820941996
Chi Kwok
Work is an integral part of modern society. However, the question of the normative conditions that distinguish just from unjust work has been under-investigated in political theory. This article, by comparing the Lockean and Marxist views of just work, aims to show that a set of overlapping normative requirements of just work can be derived from them despite their polarized economic and political views. Locke has been appropriated by contemporary libertarians as the central figure of right-based libertarian market economy while Marx has been seen by the left as a central intellectual resource to criticize capitalism’s tendency for degrading work. Given this usual polarization, the article can shed light on a common set of normative requirements concerning just work between them. This overlapping set of normative requirements of just work invites reflections on possible common grounds of just work between the contemporary right and the left who have appropriated the two thinkers as their foundational theoretical building blocks.
工作是现代社会不可分割的一部分。然而,在政治理论中,区分公正和不公正工作的规范条件问题一直没有得到充分的研究。本文通过比较洛克主义和马克思主义关于公正工作的观点,旨在表明尽管他们的经济和政治观点两极分化,但他们可以从中得出一套重叠的公正工作的规范要求。洛克被当代自由意志主义者视为以右翼为基础的自由意志主义市场经济的核心人物,而马克思则被左翼人士视为批评资本主义贬低工作倾向的核心知识资源。考虑到这种通常的两极分化,本文可以阐明一组关于它们之间工作的通用规范要求。这一套重叠的公正工作的规范要求引起了当代右翼和左翼之间对公正工作可能的共同基础的反思,他们把这两位思想家作为他们的基础理论基石。
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引用次数: 0
Love Beyond Body Offering: Literature and Generosity 超越肉体的爱:文学与慷慨
IF 0.7 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/0971685820949415
N. N. Menike
Employing the poststructuralist approach to language and literature as a methodology, the present article insists on the significance of the novel, Body Offering, in understanding the idea of giving in to literature through writing. The notion of giving in the novel unfolds with regard to two contexts: love and writing, which, in turn, problematizes not only the way in which giving is understood in the binary structure of giving and receiving, but also the representational function assigned to literature due to its appearance without voice. So, doing it highlights the openness to receive beyond self desire as the most fundamental force that makes an offering unconditional and sincere.
本文运用语言文学的后结构主义方法论,强调小说《身体供养》在理解通过写作向文学屈服的思想方面的意义。小说中给予的概念是从两个语境展开的:爱和写作,这反过来不仅使给予和接受的二元结构中理解给予的方式出现了问题,也使文学由于其没有声音的外表而赋予的表征功能出现了问题。因此,这样做突出了接受超越自我欲望的开放性,这是使奉献无条件和真诚的最基本力量。
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引用次数: 0
Can We Hear Manu (Gandhi) Speak? 我们能听到马努(甘地)讲话吗?
IF 0.7 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/0971685820941988
Nabanipa Bhattacharjee, Shumona Goel
In 1942, the recently bereaved Manu Gandhi arrived in Sevagram ashram, Wardha, to serve the aged Mahatma and his ailing wife Kasturba. In 1943, she was called to Poona, where the Mahatma and his associates were jailed. During that time, Manu began keeping a regular diary. Translated and published in 2019, the diary throws open the inner world of a lesser known Gandhi. This review article is a discursive reading of Manu’s daily diary. It begins by locating women in general and Manu in particular in contemporary Gandhiana. The contents of the diary are discussed subsequently, the focus being primarily on Manu as a young woman. Put differently, the article explores Manu’s feminine self (identity and agency) and its interface with larger questions of history such as nationalism and patriarchy. Finally, in an interrogative mode, it examines the possibility of retrieval of Manu’s (a woman’s) hitherto inaudible voice.
1942年,刚刚失去亲人的马努·甘地抵达瓦尔达的塞瓦格拉姆道场,为年迈的圣雄甘地和他生病的妻子卡斯图巴服务。1943年,她被叫到普纳,圣雄甘地和他的同伙在那里被监禁。在那段时间里,马努开始定期记日记。这本日记于2019年翻译出版,揭示了一个鲜为人知的甘地的内心世界。这篇评论文章是对马努日常日记的散漫阅读。它开始定位一般的妇女,特别是马努在当代甘地。随后讨论了日记的内容,重点是马努作为一名年轻女性。换言之,这篇文章探讨了马努的女性自我(身份和代理)及其与民族主义和父权制等更大历史问题的互动。最后,在疑问模式中,它检查了马努(一个女人)迄今听不见的声音的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Book review: Dev Nath Pathak, Living & Dying Meanings in Maithili Folklore 书评:Dev Nath Pathak, Maithili民间传说中的生存与死亡意义
IF 0.7 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/0971685820952639
Dr Piyashi Dutta
Dev Nath Pathak, Living & Dying Meanings in Maithili Folklore. New Delhi: Primus Books, 2018, vii+ 239 pp., ₹3,651.00 (hardback). ISBN: 978-93-5290-215-6.
Dev Nath Pathak, Maithili民间传说中的生存和死亡意义。新德里:Primus Books, 2018, vii+ 239页,3,651.00卢比(精装本)。ISBN: 978-93-5290-215-6。
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引用次数: 0
Testing a Modified Version of Schwartz’s Portrait Values Questionnaire to Measure Organizational Values in a University Context 基于施瓦茨肖像价值观问卷的大学组织价值观测评
IF 0.7 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-08-26 DOI: 10.1177/0971685820943398
Daniela Wetzelhütter, C. Nnebedum, Jacques P. de Wet, J. Bacher
Schwartz developed his Theory of Basic Human Values and corresponding instruments, the portrait values questionnaire (PVQ) and the Schwartz values survey (SVS), in order to measure personal values. He uses these instruments (in a slightly modified form) in conjunction with his Theory of Cultural Value Orientations to measure cultural or societal values. His theoretical work is also used in studying organizational values; however, none of these instruments seem suitable to compare personal and perceived organizational values. If the PVQ is widely used to measure personal values, and we need commensurate measures of the person and organization for comparative analysis, then can we not minimally adjust the PVQ to measure organizational values? In this article we discuss the testing of one such adjusted PVQ used for gauging universities’ organizational values. We developed the PVQ-uni to measure university values as perceived by students. We collected data from sociology departments at two universities, one in Austria (n = 133) and one Nigeria (n = 156). We then tested the reliability and the validity of the new instrument. Based on the data collected, we found that the PVQ-uni is a reliable and valid instrument; however, further refinements are needed for the instrument to be used successfully in Africa.
施瓦茨发展了他的基本人类价值观理论和相应的工具,肖像价值观问卷(PVQ)和施瓦茨价值观调查(SVS),以衡量个人价值观。他使用这些工具(以一种稍微修改的形式)与他的文化价值取向理论相结合来衡量文化或社会价值。他的理论工作也被用于研究组织价值;然而,这些工具似乎都不适合比较个人和感知到的组织价值。如果PVQ被广泛用于衡量个人价值,我们需要对个人和组织进行相应的衡量来进行比较分析,那么我们是否可以最小限度地调整PVQ来衡量组织价值?在本文中,我们讨论了一种用于衡量大学组织价值的调整后的PVQ的测试。我们开发了PVQ-uni来衡量学生所感知的大学价值。我们从两所大学的社会学系收集数据,一所在奥地利(n = 133),一所在尼日利亚(n = 156)。然后我们测试了新仪器的可靠性和有效性。根据所收集的数据,我们发现PVQ-uni是一种可靠有效的仪器;但是,要使该仪器在非洲成功使用,还需要进一步改进。
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引用次数: 4
Quality of Work Life and Work–Life Balance 工作生活质量与工作生活平衡
IF 0.7 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-07-31 DOI: 10.1177/0971685820939380
Pravin Bhende, N. Mekoth, V. Ingalhalli, Y. V. Reddy
The purpose of this article is to unearth the dimensions of quality of work life and work–life balance and to find the impact of the quality of work life on work–life balance. Data have been gathered from 89 managers of public and private sector banks in India using a convenience sampling method and analysed using principal component analysis and multiple regression analysis. Both qualities of work life and work–life balance are multidimensional constructs. Results indicate that the productivity dimension of a work–life balance was influenced by all dimensions of quality of work life except grievance redress. Further, the skill deployment dimension was predicted by all three dimensions of quality of work life. However, none of the quality of work life dimensions had any relation with the efficiency dimension of work–life balance. The study will help managers to ensure employee productivity and skill deployment by enhancing the quality of work life. The study has relevance for employee welfare and organizational output. The study has unearthed new dimensions in quality of work life and work–life balance and has established new relationships.
本文的目的是挖掘工作生活质量和工作生活平衡的维度,并找到工作生活质量对工作生活平衡的影响。数据已从印度公共和私营部门银行的89名经理收集使用方便的抽样方法和分析使用主成分分析和多元回归分析。工作生活的质量和工作与生活的平衡都是多维的结构。结果表明,工作生活平衡的生产力维度受到工作生活质量各维度的影响,但不包括申诉。此外,技能部署维度可以被工作生活质量的三个维度所预测。而工作生活质量维度与工作生活平衡效率维度均无相关性。该研究将帮助管理者通过提高工作生活质量来确保员工的生产力和技能部署。本研究对员工福利与组织产出具有相关性。这项研究发现了工作生活质量和工作与生活平衡的新维度,并建立了新的关系。
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引用次数: 25
期刊
Journal of Human Values
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