Pub Date : 2021-03-24DOI: 10.1177/0971685821989116
J. P. Coelho, G. Somayaji
The recruitment to military in modern nation states, by and large, is voluntary. Although it is commonly assumed that a soldiers’ job in the army is to fight against the enemies of their motherland, the Indian Army has a regiment of Tibetan soldiers who are not Indians as per the law of the land. Known as Special Frontier Force (SFF), this regiment was until recently a secret wing of the Indian Army. Joining the Indian Army during the heydays of their diasporic dispersal due to the Chinese territorial aggrandizement and Sino-Indian war of 1962, with a hope of direct encounter with their enemies, Tibetans continue to be voluntarily recruited to the now non-secret SFF. As part of the Indian Army, they should be ready to fight the enemies of their host country. In fact, over the decades, they have been requested by India to take part in several military exercises. In the changed international geopolitics, Tibetans in exile may not get another opportunity to fight against their own enemies. The trajectory of the value orientations of the Tibetan soldiers in the Indian Army constitutes the axial concern of this article.
{"title":"Fatherland or Livelihood: Value Orientations Among Tibetan Soldiers in the Indian Army","authors":"J. P. Coelho, G. Somayaji","doi":"10.1177/0971685821989116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0971685821989116","url":null,"abstract":"The recruitment to military in modern nation states, by and large, is voluntary. Although it is commonly assumed that a soldiers’ job in the army is to fight against the enemies of their motherland, the Indian Army has a regiment of Tibetan soldiers who are not Indians as per the law of the land. Known as Special Frontier Force (SFF), this regiment was until recently a secret wing of the Indian Army. Joining the Indian Army during the heydays of their diasporic dispersal due to the Chinese territorial aggrandizement and Sino-Indian war of 1962, with a hope of direct encounter with their enemies, Tibetans continue to be voluntarily recruited to the now non-secret SFF. As part of the Indian Army, they should be ready to fight the enemies of their host country. In fact, over the decades, they have been requested by India to take part in several military exercises. In the changed international geopolitics, Tibetans in exile may not get another opportunity to fight against their own enemies. The trajectory of the value orientations of the Tibetan soldiers in the Indian Army constitutes the axial concern of this article.","PeriodicalId":44074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Values","volume":"27 1","pages":"225 - 233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0971685821989116","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47203168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1177/0971685820973187
Umashankar Venkatesh, A. Chaudhuri, Jones Mathew
The article evaluates how knowledge workers in new-age businesses in developing economies conceptualize and practise acts of individual social responsibility (ISR) vis-à-vis the corporate social responsibility (CSR) endeavours of the companies for which they work. The study aims to differentiate between the values that drive ISR and CSR in such organizations. On one hand, the study targets young information technology professionals between the ages of 25 and 35 years exploring the individual motivations for socially responsible behaviour, and it looks at CSR managers responsible for strategizing and implementing CSR portfolio, representing the organizational imperatives of CSR behaviour and practice on the other. The study concludes with a conceptualization of how the convergence or otherwise of motivations between ISR and CSR in such organizations are defined and what are their determinants, with the derivative managerial implications for firms in developing economies in the context of managing the relatively younger workforce’s participation in their CSR efforts.
{"title":"Benevolence in New-age Businesses of Developing Economies: Some Conclusions from The Information Technology Companies/Sector of India","authors":"Umashankar Venkatesh, A. Chaudhuri, Jones Mathew","doi":"10.1177/0971685820973187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0971685820973187","url":null,"abstract":"The article evaluates how knowledge workers in new-age businesses in developing economies conceptualize and practise acts of individual social responsibility (ISR) vis-à-vis the corporate social responsibility (CSR) endeavours of the companies for which they work. The study aims to differentiate between the values that drive ISR and CSR in such organizations. On one hand, the study targets young information technology professionals between the ages of 25 and 35 years exploring the individual motivations for socially responsible behaviour, and it looks at CSR managers responsible for strategizing and implementing CSR portfolio, representing the organizational imperatives of CSR behaviour and practice on the other. The study concludes with a conceptualization of how the convergence or otherwise of motivations between ISR and CSR in such organizations are defined and what are their determinants, with the derivative managerial implications for firms in developing economies in the context of managing the relatively younger workforce’s participation in their CSR efforts.","PeriodicalId":44074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Values","volume":"27 1","pages":"49 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0971685820973187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46980531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-27DOI: 10.1177/0971685820970025
Tanuja Sharma
Rasmus Hougaard and Jacqueline Carter, The Mind of the Leader: How to Lead Yourself, Your People, and Your Organization for Extraordinary Results. Harvard Business Review Press, 2018, p. 238, USD 30 (Hardback). ISBN: 9781633693425.
{"title":"Book review: Rasmus Hougaard and Jacqueline Carter, The Mind of the Leader: How to Lead Yourself, Your People, and Your Organization for Extraordinary Results","authors":"Tanuja Sharma","doi":"10.1177/0971685820970025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0971685820970025","url":null,"abstract":"Rasmus Hougaard and Jacqueline Carter, The Mind of the Leader: How to Lead Yourself, Your People, and Your Organization for Extraordinary Results. Harvard Business Review Press, 2018, p. 238, USD 30 (Hardback). ISBN: 9781633693425.","PeriodicalId":44074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Values","volume":"27 1","pages":"86 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0971685820970025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45465879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-27DOI: 10.1177/0971685820973188
Elizabeth Williams-Oerberg
Due to a burgeoning tourism industry in the Indian Himalayan region of Ladakh, Buddhist monasteries now have lucrative means for generating income through tourism-related business and financial support from international sponsors and local business owners. Where previously Buddhist monasteries were dependent on the donations and labour of the lay community, currently, with the accumulation of surplus wealth, many Buddhist leaders of prominent monasteries have begun flipping this donor system around. Throughout this article, I look at how Buddhist monastic leaders have invested surplus economic resources into philanthropic projects as a way to ‘give back’ to the wider community. I argue that the philanthropic initiatives by Buddhist leaders in Ladakh help to position Buddhist monastics as taking a leading role in the social and economic transformation of the region, thus working to push back against processes of secularization that threaten to decrease the influence of Buddhist monastic institutions.
{"title":"Buddhist Business and Benevolence in Leh, Ladakh","authors":"Elizabeth Williams-Oerberg","doi":"10.1177/0971685820973188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0971685820973188","url":null,"abstract":"Due to a burgeoning tourism industry in the Indian Himalayan region of Ladakh, Buddhist monasteries now have lucrative means for generating income through tourism-related business and financial support from international sponsors and local business owners. Where previously Buddhist monasteries were dependent on the donations and labour of the lay community, currently, with the accumulation of surplus wealth, many Buddhist leaders of prominent monasteries have begun flipping this donor system around. Throughout this article, I look at how Buddhist monastic leaders have invested surplus economic resources into philanthropic projects as a way to ‘give back’ to the wider community. I argue that the philanthropic initiatives by Buddhist leaders in Ladakh help to position Buddhist monastics as taking a leading role in the social and economic transformation of the region, thus working to push back against processes of secularization that threaten to decrease the influence of Buddhist monastic institutions.","PeriodicalId":44074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Values","volume":"27 1","pages":"60 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0971685820973188","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46829594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-27DOI: 10.1177/0971685820970023
A. Gupta
Nayan Mitra and René Schmidpeter (Eds.), Corporate Social Responsibility in India: Cases and Developments after the Legal Mandate. Cham: Springer, 2016, 238 pp., ₹135.19 (Hardback). ISBN: 978-3-319-41781-3.
{"title":"Book review: Nayan Mitra and René Schmidpeter (Eds.), Corporate Social Responsibility in India: Cases and Developments after the Legal Mandate","authors":"A. Gupta","doi":"10.1177/0971685820970023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0971685820970023","url":null,"abstract":"Nayan Mitra and René Schmidpeter (Eds.), Corporate Social Responsibility in India: Cases and Developments after the Legal Mandate. Cham: Springer, 2016, 238 pp., ₹135.19 (Hardback). ISBN: 978-3-319-41781-3.","PeriodicalId":44074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Values","volume":"27 1","pages":"84 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0971685820970023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42206157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-08DOI: 10.1177/0971685820973189
Courtney Bruntz
This study uncovers reasons why Buddhist sites in China since the time of Mao have received government patronage, and it argues that economic development at Buddhist sacred sites has resulted in religious revivalism—a perhaps unintended consequence of state support. The focus of the work is at Mount Putuo—the home of the Bodhisattva Guanyin—and data collected come from fieldwork during the summers of 2012 and 2013. The first portion of the study examines the various ways individuals have sponsored Buddhist sites through Chinese history and identifies the upholding of miracle tales, the financing of temples and the creation of religious commodities as particularly significant. The second portion of the study examines and evaluates contemporary financing, especially the processes of commodification that shape sacred sites like Mount Putuo. At the conclusion of this article, the author argues that Buddhist practice today has not been hindered by economic development but instead revived.
{"title":"Religion as Financial Asset: State Investments in Chinese Buddhism","authors":"Courtney Bruntz","doi":"10.1177/0971685820973189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0971685820973189","url":null,"abstract":"This study uncovers reasons why Buddhist sites in China since the time of Mao have received government patronage, and it argues that economic development at Buddhist sacred sites has resulted in religious revivalism—a perhaps unintended consequence of state support. The focus of the work is at Mount Putuo—the home of the Bodhisattva Guanyin—and data collected come from fieldwork during the summers of 2012 and 2013. The first portion of the study examines the various ways individuals have sponsored Buddhist sites through Chinese history and identifies the upholding of miracle tales, the financing of temples and the creation of religious commodities as particularly significant. The second portion of the study examines and evaluates contemporary financing, especially the processes of commodification that shape sacred sites like Mount Putuo. At the conclusion of this article, the author argues that Buddhist practice today has not been hindered by economic development but instead revived.","PeriodicalId":44074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Values","volume":"27 1","pages":"72 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0971685820973189","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46493771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-02DOI: 10.1177/0971685820973522
Silke Bustamante, Rudi Ehlscheidt, A. Pelzeter, Andreas Deckmann, Franziska Freudenberger
Purpose: Empirical studies suggest that corporate social responsibility (CSR) impacts young job seekers’ choices of an employer. Values seem to affect CSR preferences, influencing the felt fit between the person and the organization and hereby the valence of working for that company. This article aims to research in more detail the preference structure of young graduate job seekers. In particular, it seeks to understand whether CSR is important when there is a trade-off between CSR and non-CSR attributes and whether basic value orientations of job seekers have a moderating effect on their employer preferences. Design/methodology/approach: This article used a quantitative approach with a survey sample of 577 German students who were in their last year of study. To gain information on the relative impact of CSR- and non-CSR-related employer characteristics on employer attractiveness, an adaptive conjoint analysis was applied. Correlation analysis and a two-step hierarchical regression were conducted to detect the effects of individual value orientations. Findings: Only a few CSR attributes are relevant for young job seekers compared with other traditional employer attributes. Specific value orientations can be identified as having a moderating effect on CSR preferences. This is particularly the case for value orientations indicating a concern for the welfare of others and the environment positively affect the importance of most CSR attributes while more selfish value orientations have a negative effect. Originality/value: This study sheds light on the relative importance of CSR attributes when compared with non-CSR attributes. Moreover, it relates employee-related preferences to individual value orientations and shows that selected values have a modifying effect on the importance of CSR for job choice.
{"title":"The Effect of Values on the Attractiveness of Responsible Employers for Young Job Seekers","authors":"Silke Bustamante, Rudi Ehlscheidt, A. Pelzeter, Andreas Deckmann, Franziska Freudenberger","doi":"10.1177/0971685820973522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0971685820973522","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Empirical studies suggest that corporate social responsibility (CSR) impacts young job seekers’ choices of an employer. Values seem to affect CSR preferences, influencing the felt fit between the person and the organization and hereby the valence of working for that company. This article aims to research in more detail the preference structure of young graduate job seekers. In particular, it seeks to understand whether CSR is important when there is a trade-off between CSR and non-CSR attributes and whether basic value orientations of job seekers have a moderating effect on their employer preferences. Design/methodology/approach: This article used a quantitative approach with a survey sample of 577 German students who were in their last year of study. To gain information on the relative impact of CSR- and non-CSR-related employer characteristics on employer attractiveness, an adaptive conjoint analysis was applied. Correlation analysis and a two-step hierarchical regression were conducted to detect the effects of individual value orientations. Findings: Only a few CSR attributes are relevant for young job seekers compared with other traditional employer attributes. Specific value orientations can be identified as having a moderating effect on CSR preferences. This is particularly the case for value orientations indicating a concern for the welfare of others and the environment positively affect the importance of most CSR attributes while more selfish value orientations have a negative effect. Originality/value: This study sheds light on the relative importance of CSR attributes when compared with non-CSR attributes. Moreover, it relates employee-related preferences to individual value orientations and shows that selected values have a modifying effect on the importance of CSR for job choice.","PeriodicalId":44074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Values","volume":"27 1","pages":"27 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0971685820973522","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46119592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-24DOI: 10.1177/0971685820973186
Daniel Ostaș, Gastón de los Reyes
This article explores the motives underlying corporate responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis begins with Thomas Dunfee’s Statement of Minimum Moral Obligation (SMMO), which specifies, more precisely than any other contribution to the business ethics canon, the level of corporate beneficence required during a pandemic. The analysis then turns to Milton Friedman’s neoliberal understanding of human nature, critically contrasting it with the notion of stoic virtue that informs the works of Adam Smith. Friedman contends that beneficence should play no role in corporate settings. Smith, by contrast, emphasizes the need for prudence, beneficence and self-command in all human endeavours. The article then uses these competing frameworks to reflect on a published survey of 145 corporate responses to COVID-19. In many of these responses, the benefit to a non-financial stakeholder is clear, while the financial consequence to the firm remains nebulous. This supports the contention that during a pandemic, beneficence provides a more complete explanation of many corporate actions than the profit motive alone. The article contests Friedman’s Chicago School profit imperative and goes beyond Dunfee’s SMMO by endorsing the more full-throated embrace of beneficence and stoic virtue found in the works of Smith.
{"title":"Corporate Beneficence and COVID-19","authors":"Daniel Ostaș, Gastón de los Reyes","doi":"10.1177/0971685820973186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0971685820973186","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the motives underlying corporate responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis begins with Thomas Dunfee’s Statement of Minimum Moral Obligation (SMMO), which specifies, more precisely than any other contribution to the business ethics canon, the level of corporate beneficence required during a pandemic. The analysis then turns to Milton Friedman’s neoliberal understanding of human nature, critically contrasting it with the notion of stoic virtue that informs the works of Adam Smith. Friedman contends that beneficence should play no role in corporate settings. Smith, by contrast, emphasizes the need for prudence, beneficence and self-command in all human endeavours. The article then uses these competing frameworks to reflect on a published survey of 145 corporate responses to COVID-19. In many of these responses, the benefit to a non-financial stakeholder is clear, while the financial consequence to the firm remains nebulous. This supports the contention that during a pandemic, beneficence provides a more complete explanation of many corporate actions than the profit motive alone. The article contests Friedman’s Chicago School profit imperative and goes beyond Dunfee’s SMMO by endorsing the more full-throated embrace of beneficence and stoic virtue found in the works of Smith.","PeriodicalId":44074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Values","volume":"27 1","pages":"15 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0971685820973186","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41957123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-29DOI: 10.1177/0971685820965358
Dharmendra Nath Tiwari, G. Misra
This article explored the role of personality disposition and value preference as predictors of social well-being in the context of ecological setting. Ecological contexts like rural and urban are critical, particularly in a developing country like India, because they represent significant disparities and variations in the lived experiences of the people. The participants (n = 360) from the age range of 15–65 years (M = 33.50, SD = 11.99) were drawn from two ecological settings, that is, rural (Gorakhpur Region, Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India) and urban (National Capital Region of Delhi, India) and from both the genders. They completed the measures of social well-being, value preference and personality dispositions. The results showed that the different facets of social well-being were differentially related to the aspects of personality and value preference. Ecological setting had significant influence on the measures of personality disposition, value preference and social well-being. Regression analysis showed that except neuroticism, all other factors of personality had consistent positive contribution as the predictors of social well-being. It was also observed that social value and growth factors of value preference had significant contribution, whereas personal value and protection—factors of value preference—had negative contribution as the predictors of social well-being.
{"title":"Personality and Value Preference as Predictors of Social Well-being","authors":"Dharmendra Nath Tiwari, G. Misra","doi":"10.1177/0971685820965358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0971685820965358","url":null,"abstract":"This article explored the role of personality disposition and value preference as predictors of social well-being in the context of ecological setting. Ecological contexts like rural and urban are critical, particularly in a developing country like India, because they represent significant disparities and variations in the lived experiences of the people. The participants (n = 360) from the age range of 15–65 years (M = 33.50, SD = 11.99) were drawn from two ecological settings, that is, rural (Gorakhpur Region, Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India) and urban (National Capital Region of Delhi, India) and from both the genders. They completed the measures of social well-being, value preference and personality dispositions. The results showed that the different facets of social well-being were differentially related to the aspects of personality and value preference. Ecological setting had significant influence on the measures of personality disposition, value preference and social well-being. Regression analysis showed that except neuroticism, all other factors of personality had consistent positive contribution as the predictors of social well-being. It was also observed that social value and growth factors of value preference had significant contribution, whereas personal value and protection—factors of value preference—had negative contribution as the predictors of social well-being.","PeriodicalId":44074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Values","volume":"27 1","pages":"161 - 174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0971685820965358","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45530868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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