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Archaeological Tourism, World Heritage and Social Value: A Comparative Study in China 中国考古旅游、世界遗产与社会价值的比较研究
IF 0.9 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.1080/2159032X.2023.2226577
Q. Gao
ABSTRACT This article investigates the relationship between archaeological tourism, UNESCO World Heritage designation, and the social value attached to archaeological sites in China. It aims to provide novel insights into such connections by examining the impact of archaeological tourism on the social values that local communities place on archaeological sites that are in the process of becoming World Heritage Sites. In recent decades, the increasing commercialization of archaeological sites for tourism, combined with the growing influence of the World Heritage listing process, has had a significant impact on the lives of communities in close proximity to archaeological sites. One way to comprehend such an effect is to examine changes in the social values assigned to those sites by their local residents. This is due to the ability of tourism development to (re)create and modify such values attributed to archaeological sites by changing their function, capacity, quality, and meaning. The World Heritage listing process, particularly during the pre-nomination period, plays an important role in shaping the tourist transformation of these sites in preparation for World Heritage inscription. Against this backdrop, this article focuses on two archaeological sites that have recently obtained the World Heritage status: the Daming Palace archaeological site and the Huashan rock art area. By applying ethnographic approaches, the article illustrates the complex influence of tourism development and the World Heritage Convention on contemporary Chinese society, in order to encourage further reflection on the existing management and development mechanisms of archaeological sites in China and around the world.
摘要本文探讨了中国考古旅游、联合国教科文组织世界遗产指定以及考古遗址的社会价值之间的关系。它旨在通过研究考古旅游对当地社区对正在成为世界遗产的考古遗址的社会价值观的影响,为这种联系提供新的见解。近几十年来,考古遗址旅游业的商业化程度不断提高,加上世界遗产列入进程的影响力不断增强,对考古遗址附近社区的生活产生了重大影响。理解这种影响的一种方法是考察当地居民赋予这些地点的社会价值观的变化。这是由于旅游业发展有能力通过改变考古遗址的功能、容量、质量和意义来(重新)创造和修改这些价值观。世界遗产的列入过程,特别是在提名前阶段,对这些遗址的旅游转型起着重要作用,为世界遗产的入选做准备。在此背景下,本文重点研究了最近获得世界遗产的两处考古遗址:大明宫考古遗址和华山岩画区。本文运用人种学方法,阐述了旅游业发展和《世界遗产公约》对当代中国社会的复杂影响,以鼓励人们进一步反思中国和世界各地考古遗址的现有管理和开发机制。
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引用次数: 0
Heritage and Original Peoples in Argentina: Learning from Indigenous Voices 阿根廷的遗产与原住民:从原住民的声音中学习
IF 0.9 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-27 DOI: 10.1080/2159032X.2023.2226570
Carlos Flores, F. Acuto
ABSTRACT Heritage has been widely discussed in Latin America in general, and in Argentina in particular, in the last two decades. There have been debates about heritage within academic circles, especially in the social sciences and humanities, it has been a concern of state public administration, linked to tourism development, and it is frequently mentioned in the media. Furthermore, heritage has become an arena of dispute and struggle of subordinate groups who are in the process of regaining their identities and cultural ways, achieving social visibility, and making their voices heard. This paper explores the relationship between heritage and Original Peoples in Argentina from the indigenous point of view. Throughout this article, readers will find different indigenous voices explaining what they consider Indigenous Peoples’ main patrimony, what type of relations they establish with it, and how heritage is involved in their current projects, claims, and struggles, especially over their ancestral territories. As shown in this paper, Indigenous Peoples in Argentina seek to recover their heritage to re-establish the order and balance of the territorial forces and to demonstrate their pre-existence: that is, that they were in certain places before the formation of the modern nation-state and, therefore, that they have rights over these lands. In addition, claims and disputes over heritage are favoring the re-emergence and strengthening of indigenous spirituality and cultural practices.
在过去的二十年里,遗产在拉丁美洲,尤其是在阿根廷被广泛讨论。在学术界,特别是在社会科学和人文科学领域,关于遗产的争论一直存在,它一直是国家公共行政部门关注的问题,与旅游发展有关,媒体经常提到。此外,遗产已经成为从属群体的争论和斗争的舞台,这些群体正在重新获得自己的身份和文化方式,获得社会知名度,并发出自己的声音。本文从原住民的角度探讨了遗产与阿根廷原住民之间的关系。在这篇文章中,读者会发现不同的原住民声音,解释他们认为原住民的主要遗产是什么,他们与遗产建立了什么样的关系,以及遗产如何参与他们目前的计划、主张和斗争,特别是在他们祖先的领土上。正如本文所示,阿根廷的土著人民寻求恢复他们的遗产,以重建领土力量的秩序和平衡,并证明他们的先期存在:也就是说,他们在现代民族国家形成之前就在某些地方,因此,他们对这些土地拥有权利。此外,对遗产的要求和争端有利于土著精神和文化习俗的重新出现和加强。
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引用次数: 0
Transformation of Traditional Colonial Bazaars: Case of Malcolm Peth Bazaar, Mahabaleshwar, India 传统殖民地市集的改造:以印度马哈巴勒什瓦尔的马尔科姆·佩斯市集为例
IF 0.9 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-26 DOI: 10.1080/2159032X.2023.2226574
Samiksha Chaudhary, R. Pasupuleti
ABSTRACT A bazaar is a market place that contributes to the economy as well as the spatial, cultural, political, educational, and social determinants of the society and its settlement. Bazaars, specifically in British colonial hill towns of India due to their unique characteristics, have showcased significant transformation in social and physical attributes. The potential reasons include the pressures of industrialization, tourism, consumerism, and continuously evolving identities. In this context, the paper examines the case of Malcolm Peth bazaar at Mahabaleshwar in Maharashtra, India. It aims to comprehend the socio-cultural and spatial transformation of the bazaar, from its British colonial beginnings to the present differential scenario, emphasizing the perception and representation of the traditional place. The methodology follows the descriptive and interpretive research approach. The process commences with exploring the available theory and literature, followed by the development of a theoretical framework through the literature discourse to holistically investigate the complexities of the traditional bazaar. On-site data collection includes spatial information represented through maps and illustrations and stakeholders’ perceptions recorded in interviews. Subsequently, the data is analyzed by forming domains and categories through tabular frameworks and further narrated to abstract the findings. Focusing on the changing traditions and heritage value, the interpretation of the result elucidates the bazaar’s socio-spatial character in diverse time-place environments that the bazaar has reflected in its evolution process. Highlighting the insensitive approach towards the culturally sensitive traditional bazaar, the research concludes by accentuating the need to react cautiously toward preserving the historical notions of the place.
摘要集市是一个有助于经济发展的市场,也是社会及其定居的空间、文化、政治、教育和社会决定因素。集市,特别是在英国殖民时期的印度山城,由于其独特的特点,在社会和物质属性方面表现出了重大的转变。潜在的原因包括工业化、旅游业、消费主义和不断演变的身份的压力。在此背景下,本文考察了印度马哈拉施特拉邦Mahabaleshwar的Malcolm Peth集市的案例。它旨在理解集市的社会文化和空间转变,从英国殖民地的开始到现在的差异场景,强调对传统场所的感知和表现。方法论采用描述性和解释性研究方法。这个过程从探索现有的理论和文学开始,然后通过文学话语发展出一个理论框架,全面调查传统集市的复杂性。现场数据收集包括通过地图和插图表示的空间信息以及访谈中记录的利益相关者的看法。随后,通过表格框架形成领域和类别对数据进行分析,并进一步叙述以抽象研究结果。以不断变化的传统和遗产价值为中心,阐释了集市在不同时间、地点环境下的社会空间特征。该研究强调了对文化敏感的传统集市的不敏感态度,并强调了对保护该地历史观念的谨慎反应的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Choreographing Independence: Performing La Diada, or Catalonia’s National Day, for Cultural Unity or Political Division? 编排独立:为文化团结或政治分裂表演《迪亚达》或加泰罗尼亚国庆节?
IF 0.9 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-26 DOI: 10.1080/2159032X.2023.2226571
C. Breen
ABSTRACT La Diada, Catalonia’s national day, has had a complex history entwined in the cultural politics of Spain. It developed late in the nineteenth century as part of a constructed, reimagining of a past independent Catalan nation. The annual 11 September remembrance event was subsequently suppressed during the Franco regime, and later revived but limited to a short official wreath-laying ceremony with associated cultural events. Since 2012, grassroots independence campaigners have orgainzed huge public marches on the day, calling for Independence as the separatist movement across Catalonia gained momentum in the immediate aftermath of the global economic downturn of 2008. It is now a cultural-politico device and a tool for place making and nation-building. Drawing on Tali Hatuka’s (2018, The Design of Protest; choreographing political demonstrations in public space. Austin: University of Texas Press) approaches to the Design of Protests, and through the utilization of discourse analysis of interviews, media coverage and political policy this study traces the development of the day through a number of key stages and its contemporary appropriated cultural role in the separatist movement. It concludes that the events staged around La Diada are an increasingly divisive set of tactics that lead to cultural alienation and give rise to division and increasing tension in Catalan and broader Spanish society.
摘要:加泰罗尼亚国庆日La Diada有着复杂的历史,与西班牙的文化政治交织在一起。它在19世纪末发展起来,是对过去独立的加泰罗尼亚国家的一部分。一年一度的9月11日纪念活动随后在佛朗哥政权期间被镇压,后来恢复,但仅限于简短的官方敬献花圈仪式和相关的文化活动。自2012年以来,基层独立运动者在这一天组织了大规模的公众游行,呼吁独立,因为加泰罗尼亚各地的分离主义运动在2008年全球经济衰退后立即获得了势头。它现在是一种文化政治手段,也是创造地方和建设国家的工具。借鉴Tali Hatuka(2018,《抗议的设计》;编排公共空间中的政治示威。奥斯汀:得克萨斯大学出版社)的抗议设计方法,并通过利用访谈的话语分析,媒体报道和政治政策本研究通过几个关键阶段追溯了当时的发展及其在分离主义运动中的当代文化作用。它的结论是,围绕La Diada上演的事件是一套越来越分裂的策略,导致文化异化,并在加泰罗尼亚和更广泛的西班牙社会中引发分裂和日益紧张的局势。
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引用次数: 0
Challenging Uncomfortableness: The Adaptive Reuse of Bendigo Gaol into Ulumbarra Theater and School 挑战不舒适:本迪戈监狱在乌伦巴拉剧院和学校的适应性再利用
IF 0.9 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/2159032X.2023.2226578
Waled Shehata, C. Langston, M. Sarvimäki, J. Smith
ABSTRACT This article discusses the adaptive reuse of buildings associated with uncomfortable memories that have been turned into places for the general public to enjoy. It can be argued that the transformation of Australian heritage gaols into museums makes economic, cultural, and social sense, given the increasing rate of interest in dark tourism and the willingness of contemporary Australians and international tourists to understand the continent’s carceral history. However, the adaptive reuse of some gaols into places that provide multiple forms of art, culture, and education is a recent phenomenon that is under-studied. Bendigo Gaol, which was recently adapted into Ulumbarra Theater in addition to being partially occupied by a high school, retains many elements of the uncomfortable architectural features of the gaol. This paper investigates the factors mentioned in the literature that negotiate the uncomfortable past for its new functional purpose. Discussion of these factors provides clarity for decision-makers on how to maximize the full potential of conversion, while simultaneously commemorating the history of the site. This research concludes that reusing Bendigo Gaol to an art-and-education building was a collective decision and, despite being successful, appears to have not been sensitive to its uncomfortable history.
摘要本文讨论了与不舒服记忆相关的建筑的适应性再利用,这些建筑已经变成了公众可以享受的地方。可以说,考虑到人们对黑暗旅游的兴趣越来越高,以及当代澳大利亚人和国际游客了解澳大利亚大陆尸体历史的意愿,将澳大利亚遗产监狱改造成博物馆在经济、文化和社会上都是有意义的。然而,一些监狱被适应性地重新利用到提供多种艺术、文化和教育形式的地方,这是一个最近正在研究的现象。本迪戈监狱(Bendigo Gaol)最近被改编成乌伦巴拉剧院(Ulumbarra Theater),部分被一所高中占用,它保留了监狱令人不舒服的建筑特征的许多元素。本文研究了文献中提到的因素,这些因素为其新的功能目的而协商令人不安的过去。对这些因素的讨论为决策者提供了如何最大限度地发挥转换潜力的明确性,同时纪念遗址的历史。这项研究得出结论,将本迪戈高地重新用于艺术和教育建筑是一个集体决定,尽管取得了成功,但似乎对其令人不安的历史并不敏感。
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引用次数: 2
Hobby Metal-detecting as Citizen Science. Background, Challenges and Opportunities of Collaborative Archeological Finds Recording Schemes 作为公民科学的金属探测。合作考古发现记录计划的背景、挑战与机遇
IF 0.9 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-22 DOI: 10.1080/2159032X.2022.2098654
Anna Wessman, Suzie Thomas, Pieterjan Deckers, A. Dobat, Stijn Heeren, Michael Lewis
ABSTRACT This paper discusses five digital archeological finds recording schemes from England and Wales, Denmark, Finland, Flanders (Belgium), and the Netherlands; countries and areas where members of the public can search for archeological material, usually by metal-detecting. These schemes are a part of the European Public Finds Recording Network. The authors argue that citizen science approaches to recording discoveries made by the public present important opportunities for enriching both research and possibilities for widening participation with archeological heritage. These schemes work within specific legal and social frameworks, and the paper scrutinizes each scheme in the context of citizen participation. The paper also discusses the challenges concerning sharing open data connected to crowdsourced archeological information, and the limitations and prospects offered by the different national and regional frameworks within which the schemes operate.
本文讨论了来自英格兰和威尔士、丹麦、芬兰、佛兰德斯(比利时)和荷兰的五种数字考古发现记录方案;公众可以搜索考古材料的国家和地区,通常是通过金属探测。这些计划是欧洲公共发现记录网络的一部分。作者认为,记录公众发现的公民科学方法为丰富研究和扩大参与考古遗产的可能性提供了重要机会。这些计划在特定的法律和社会框架内运作,本文在公民参与的背景下仔细审查了每个计划。本文还讨论了共享与众包考古信息相关的开放数据所面临的挑战,以及这些计划运作的不同国家和地区框架所提供的限制和前景。
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引用次数: 0
New Alcántara Bridge in Spain 西班牙新建Alcántara大桥
IF 0.9 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-20 DOI: 10.1080/2159032X.2023.2185339
María Jesús Rosado-García, Daniel Crespo Delgado, M. Garcia-Garcia
ABSTRACT From chronological, constructive and heritage conservation points of view the Roman bridge of Alcántara (Spain) is an exceptional bridge. Erected around 103 AD on the Tagus River, it is still in use today for road traffic. Recently, the construction of a new bridge 200 meters upstream from the old one, intended to relegate the old bridge to pedestrian use, has been promoted. The examination of the new project and its long administrative procedure, as well as the analysis of the characteristics of the Roman bridge and its surroundings, both from a territorial and social point of view, provide a foothold to assess the new bridge according to a broad conception of heritage conservation. The objective of this work is to underline the unique history of the conservation of this bridge and, while presenting proposed solution for the new bridge, to highlight the patrimonial conditions that have been taken into account. The conclusion is that the administrative procedure followed in order to choose the solution and the project for the new Alcántara bridge are not adequate to the characteristics of such an outstanding monument.
摘要从时间、建筑和遗产保护的角度来看,阿尔坎塔拉罗马桥(西班牙)是一座非凡的桥梁。建于公元103年左右的塔霍河上,至今仍用于道路交通。最近,在旧桥上游200米处建造一座新桥,旨在将旧桥降级为行人使用。对新项目及其漫长的行政程序的审查,以及从领土和社会角度对罗马桥及其周围环境的特征的分析,为根据广泛的遗产保护概念评估新桥提供了立足点。这项工作的目的是强调这座桥保护的独特历史,并在提出新桥的拟议解决方案的同时,强调已考虑的遗产条件。结论是,为选择新阿尔坎塔拉大桥的解决方案和项目所遵循的行政程序不足以满足这样一座杰出纪念碑的特点。
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引用次数: 0
Local Heritage in Contemporary Times: Artistic Creation and the Intangibilities of Place 当代的地方遗产:艺术创作与场所的非物质性
IF 0.9 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-24 DOI: 10.1080/2159032X.2022.2126227
Cláudia Pato de Carvalho, H. Sol, Anatália Saraiva, Sandra Rosa, Débora Fino
ABSTRACT This article shares collaborative scientific work done by researchers from the Centre for Social Studies (University of Coimbra, Portugal) and from the Technology, Restoration and Arts Enhancement Center (Polytechnical Institute of Tomar, Portugal) within the REDE ARTÉRIA in cooperation with MOVTOUR. REDE ARTÉRIA is an action research project that aims to create cultural presentations and performances to tour the Centro Region of Portugal. It aspires to encourage a greater professionalization of agents, while aiming to enrich and enhance the cultural offering. Simultaneously, it intends to stimulate a community practice of participatory cultural mapping influencing creation processes and cultural policies in this region. The analysis is made in the specific context of the artistic creation VAGAR, conceived by the Portuguese choreographer Marina Nabais and co-produced by the Municipality of Ourém (Portugal). The analysis results from participatory workshops with local agents, field notes from rehearsal observation, interviews with artists, local participants, local government, and from the final report produced by the dance association responsible for the performance. This work critically reflects on how processes of community participation and of tangible and intangible resource mapping – by providing dialogue opportunities between artists, local agents, municipalities and the local cultural fabric – can develop innovative projects of artistic intervention that link heritage to local, social and cultural civic dynamics. It thus epitomizes the importance of the social dimension of cultural activity.
摘要本文分享了REDE ARTÉRIA内社会研究中心(葡萄牙科英布拉大学)和技术、修复和艺术增强中心(葡萄牙托马尔理工学院)的研究人员与MOVTOUR合作所做的合作科学工作。REDE ARTÉRIA是一个行动研究项目,旨在创造文化展示和表演,在葡萄牙中部地区巡回演出。它渴望鼓励代理商更加专业化,同时致力于丰富和加强文化产品。同时,它打算鼓励社区实践参与性文化测绘,影响该地区的创作过程和文化政策。分析是在艺术创作VAGAR的具体背景下进行的,VAGAR由葡萄牙编舞家Marina Nabais构思,并由Ourém市(葡萄牙)联合制作。分析结果来自与当地经纪人的参与式研讨会、排练观察的现场笔记、对艺术家、当地参与者、当地政府的采访,以及负责演出的舞蹈协会制作的最终报告。这项工作批判性地反映了社区参与和有形和无形资源测绘的过程——通过提供艺术家、当地代理人、市政当局和当地文化结构之间的对话机会——如何开发创新的艺术干预项目,将遗产与当地、社会和文化公民动态联系起来。因此,它集中体现了文化活动的社会层面的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Factors Linking Perceptions of Built Heritage Conservation and Subjective Wellbeing 建筑遗产保护观念与主观幸福感之间的联系因素
IF 0.9 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-06 DOI: 10.1080/2159032X.2022.2126225
Hawar Himdad J. Sektani, Mahmood Khayat, M. Mohammadi, A. Roders
ABSTRACT This research aims to reveal and discuss state-of-the-art research addressing the relation between built heritage and individuals’ subjective wellbeing (SWB). Through a systematic literature review, fifty-one studies were analyzed. Even if limited, past research confirms the substantial relation between built heritage and subjective wellbeing, and six primary factors and other sub-factors were identified. This paper's originality is found in its focus, being the link between built heritage and subjective wellbeing seldom addressed, and the definition of a six-factor model deduced from the state-of-the-art, as a theoretical framework to support further research. This paper contributes to the ongoing notion of human-centrality in the built environment and the growing trend to give importance to the human experiences within the built heritage context. The results are valuable for academics and policymakers, contributing to a tailored and place-based sustainable urban development.
摘要本研究旨在揭示和讨论关于建筑遗产与个人主观幸福感之间关系的最新研究。通过系统的文献综述,对51项研究进行了分析。即使有限,过去的研究也证实了建筑遗产与主观幸福感之间的实质性关系,并确定了六个主要因素和其他次要因素。本文的独创性在于它的重点,即建筑遗产和主观幸福感之间的联系,以及从最新技术中推导出的六因素模型的定义,作为支持进一步研究的理论框架。本文对人类在建筑环境中的中心地位这一持续存在的概念以及在建筑遗产背景下重视人类体验的日益增长的趋势做出了贡献。研究结果对学术界和政策制定者来说很有价值,有助于有针对性的、基于地点的可持续城市发展。
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引用次数: 2
The Role of University in Heritage Research and Practice: Siberian Context 大学在遗产研究与实践中的作用:西伯利亚语境
IF 0.9 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.1080/2159032X.2022.2126220
D. A. Belova, Ludmila V. Gaikova, Anastasiia Fedan
ABSTRACT The risk of losing identity and historical values seems indispensable as attributes of the explosive growth of modern cities. However, along with the disappearance of each piece of heritage, citizens tend to lose memories and “identical” feelings, which make the place special and unique. The role of university and architect in heritage process of modern city can be more significant: there are many successful examples around the world, which clearly demonstrate that. The group of researchers of the Siberian Federal University made an attempt to compensate both for the lack of connection between the university and the city, and the lack of comprehensive approaches to heritage process in Krasnoyarsk, Siberia. For the experimental design research, the part of the Military camp, the degrading place with a bright history in Krasnoyarsk, was selected. Thorough research and examination are required to extract the values of the place. For the experiment, students conducted a deep analysis of historical facts, values, narratives, habits, and beliefs before developing their project proposals. The paper questions the role of the university and architects in the heritage process of modern Siberian city, experimenting with the particular precedent in Krasnoyarsk and suggests the methods of participation in sustaining identity and providing continuity in historical environments.
作为现代城市爆炸式增长的特征,丧失身份和历史价值的风险似乎是不可或缺的。然而,随着每一块遗产的消失,市民往往会失去记忆和“相同”的感觉,这使这个地方变得特别和独特。大学和建筑师在现代城市遗产过程中的作用可能更为重要:世界各地有许多成功的例子,清楚地证明了这一点。西伯利亚联邦大学的研究小组试图弥补该大学与城市之间缺乏联系,以及西伯利亚克拉斯诺亚尔斯克缺乏全面的遗产处理方法。在实验设计研究中,选择了克拉斯诺亚尔斯克有着光明历史的有辱人格的地方——军营的部分。需要进行彻底的研究和检查,才能挖掘出这个地方的价值。在实验中,学生们在制定项目提案之前,对历史事实、价值观、叙事、习惯和信仰进行了深入分析。本文质疑大学和建筑师在现代西伯利亚城市遗产过程中的作用,并以克拉斯诺亚尔斯克的特殊先例为例,提出了在历史环境中维持身份和提供连续性的参与方法。
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引用次数: 0
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