Pub Date : 2016-01-02DOI: 10.1080/08003831.2016.1158583
Y. Konstantinov, I. Ryzhkova
ABSTRACT The article discusses mobilities connected with Russian real estate acquisition abroad during the post-Soviet decades. We take the specific case of Murmansk Region as a source location. Our main argument is that such mobilities are motivated to a significant extent by a search of risk-free destinations and thus reflect perception of insecurity at home. The empirical data reveal the predominantly post-Soviet middle class nature of this movement, as well as its trans-generational agenda. We claim that the movement is pre-emptive in the sense of establishing a foothold abroad in view of possible negative economic and political developments at home. Theorizing this phenomenon requires placing it in a politically informed and temporally extended perspective. We conclude that Russian real estate acquisition abroad reveals divergences between current ideological rhetoric of the political leadership, on the one hand, and preferred courses of action by the post-Soviet middle class, on the other hand.
{"title":"Pre-emptive mobilities: Russian real estate abroad (the case of owners from Murmansk Region)","authors":"Y. Konstantinov, I. Ryzhkova","doi":"10.1080/08003831.2016.1158583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08003831.2016.1158583","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The article discusses mobilities connected with Russian real estate acquisition abroad during the post-Soviet decades. We take the specific case of Murmansk Region as a source location. Our main argument is that such mobilities are motivated to a significant extent by a search of risk-free destinations and thus reflect perception of insecurity at home. The empirical data reveal the predominantly post-Soviet middle class nature of this movement, as well as its trans-generational agenda. We claim that the movement is pre-emptive in the sense of establishing a foothold abroad in view of possible negative economic and political developments at home. Theorizing this phenomenon requires placing it in a politically informed and temporally extended perspective. We conclude that Russian real estate acquisition abroad reveals divergences between current ideological rhetoric of the political leadership, on the one hand, and preferred courses of action by the post-Soviet middle class, on the other hand.","PeriodicalId":44093,"journal":{"name":"Acta Borealia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08003831.2016.1158583","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59542696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-02DOI: 10.1080/08003831.2016.1154673
B. Hood, Stine Grøvdal Melsæther
ABSTRACT Archaeological evidence for coastal shellfish exploitation in Arctic Norway mostly dates from 5300 to 1500 BC, encompassing the terminal Mesolithic, the Late Stone Age, and the beginning of the Early Metal Period. Shell middens are generally associated with semi-subterranean houses, but may also occur as free-standing deposits. The primary shellfish taxa exploited were Littorina littorea, Arctica islandica and Mytilus edulis. Most of the species utilized were available in the littoral zone and were easily procured in the course of daily household activities, but sub-littoral A. islandica would have required greater investment in procurement technology and time, as well as labor cooperation. Shellfish were an occasional dietary supplement and could also serve as fishing bait. Spatial and temporal variation in shellfish assemblages reflects local marine ecology, sea-level changes, household dynamics, and perhaps field processing. Interpretation of the existing data is constrained by inadequate midden sampling and documentation methods.
{"title":"Shellfish exploitation in Stone Age Arctic Norway: procurement patterns and household activities","authors":"B. Hood, Stine Grøvdal Melsæther","doi":"10.1080/08003831.2016.1154673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08003831.2016.1154673","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Archaeological evidence for coastal shellfish exploitation in Arctic Norway mostly dates from 5300 to 1500 BC, encompassing the terminal Mesolithic, the Late Stone Age, and the beginning of the Early Metal Period. Shell middens are generally associated with semi-subterranean houses, but may also occur as free-standing deposits. The primary shellfish taxa exploited were Littorina littorea, Arctica islandica and Mytilus edulis. Most of the species utilized were available in the littoral zone and were easily procured in the course of daily household activities, but sub-littoral A. islandica would have required greater investment in procurement technology and time, as well as labor cooperation. Shellfish were an occasional dietary supplement and could also serve as fishing bait. Spatial and temporal variation in shellfish assemblages reflects local marine ecology, sea-level changes, household dynamics, and perhaps field processing. Interpretation of the existing data is constrained by inadequate midden sampling and documentation methods.","PeriodicalId":44093,"journal":{"name":"Acta Borealia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08003831.2016.1154673","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59542591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-02DOI: 10.1080/08003831.2016.1154674
V. Hakamäki
ABSTRACT The Late Iron Age of northern Finland is often approached through an ethnic perspective. Archaeological sites are defined as local or foreign and, accordingly, linked to either Sámi or non-Sámi groups. In recent decades, the concept of transculturalism and mixing of cultural traits has been discussed by several researchers, and their work has shown that such categorizations can be questioned. Correspondingly, certain sites and artifacts found in the northern parts of Finland seem to relate to interactions and contacts instead of ethnic backgrounds. One such site was excavated at Viinivaara E in 2013 and 2014. Based on the fieldwork, the site can be linked to encounters and cultural exchange between local groups and visitors. The entangled nature of the site is understood by taking into consideration its location and landscape, but also by examining the archaeological and historical conception of Late Iron Age northern Finland in general. Further, transcultural dynamics present at the site are also tied to social development on a broader temporal and spatial scale.
{"title":"Late Iron Age transculturalism in the northern “periphery”: understanding the long-term prehistoric occupational area of Viinivaara E, Finland","authors":"V. Hakamäki","doi":"10.1080/08003831.2016.1154674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08003831.2016.1154674","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Late Iron Age of northern Finland is often approached through an ethnic perspective. Archaeological sites are defined as local or foreign and, accordingly, linked to either Sámi or non-Sámi groups. In recent decades, the concept of transculturalism and mixing of cultural traits has been discussed by several researchers, and their work has shown that such categorizations can be questioned. Correspondingly, certain sites and artifacts found in the northern parts of Finland seem to relate to interactions and contacts instead of ethnic backgrounds. One such site was excavated at Viinivaara E in 2013 and 2014. Based on the fieldwork, the site can be linked to encounters and cultural exchange between local groups and visitors. The entangled nature of the site is understood by taking into consideration its location and landscape, but also by examining the archaeological and historical conception of Late Iron Age northern Finland in general. Further, transcultural dynamics present at the site are also tied to social development on a broader temporal and spatial scale.","PeriodicalId":44093,"journal":{"name":"Acta Borealia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08003831.2016.1154674","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59542643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-03DOI: 10.1080/08003831.2015.1089673
Veli-Pekka Lehtola
ABSTRACT The article analyses the consequences of the Lapland War (1944–45) and the reconstruction period (1945–52) for the Sámi society in Finnish Lapland, and provides some comparisons to the situation in Norway. Reconstructing the devastated Lapland meant powerful and rapid changes that ranged from novelties of material culture to increasing Finnish ideals, from a transition in the way of life to an assimilation process. The war was a trigger to an accelerated development in which otherwise long-term processes happened in a very short time frame in the post-war period. The post-war development was characterized by economic, political and cultural processes that integrated Sámiland to Finland and the Finnish nation. These processes can be interpreted as a classic modernization process, even “finnicization”, in which the traditional Sámi culture was forced to switch over to the modern large-scale society. In addition to problematic changes, however, the consequences of the war are also considered to have created new possibilities for the Sámi to influence the majority society both as individuals and as ethno-political actors. This was reflected in Sámi ethnopolitical activism, which started in Finland only after WWII. Also, the role of the majority education system had two-fold consequences: strong assimilation features, but also helping to build the educated Sámi “radical” generation that challenged the prevalent Sámi politics in the 1960s.
{"title":"Second world war as a trigger for transcultural changes among Sámi people in Finland","authors":"Veli-Pekka Lehtola","doi":"10.1080/08003831.2015.1089673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08003831.2015.1089673","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The article analyses the consequences of the Lapland War (1944–45) and the reconstruction period (1945–52) for the Sámi society in Finnish Lapland, and provides some comparisons to the situation in Norway. Reconstructing the devastated Lapland meant powerful and rapid changes that ranged from novelties of material culture to increasing Finnish ideals, from a transition in the way of life to an assimilation process. The war was a trigger to an accelerated development in which otherwise long-term processes happened in a very short time frame in the post-war period. The post-war development was characterized by economic, political and cultural processes that integrated Sámiland to Finland and the Finnish nation. These processes can be interpreted as a classic modernization process, even “finnicization”, in which the traditional Sámi culture was forced to switch over to the modern large-scale society. In addition to problematic changes, however, the consequences of the war are also considered to have created new possibilities for the Sámi to influence the majority society both as individuals and as ethno-political actors. This was reflected in Sámi ethnopolitical activism, which started in Finland only after WWII. Also, the role of the majority education system had two-fold consequences: strong assimilation features, but also helping to build the educated Sámi “radical” generation that challenged the prevalent Sámi politics in the 1960s.","PeriodicalId":44093,"journal":{"name":"Acta Borealia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08003831.2015.1089673","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59542407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-03DOI: 10.1080/08003831.2015.1090164
Rognald Heiseldal Bergesen
ABSTRACT In 1682, the Dutch artist Jan Luyken (1649–1712) made a novel set of copper engravings to illustrate the book Lapland (1682). The book was a Dutch translation of Lapponia (1673), the first scientific monograph about Sámi culture and written by the Swedish-German scholar Johannes Schefferus at the University of Uppsala in Sweden. Its original illustrations were woodcuts based on drawings by the author. According to the commission from the Swedish authorities, the book should enlighten Europeans about Sámi culture by using unbiased information, and thus refute misunderstandings that had occurred among many Europeans labouring under the false belief that Swedish military success was due to Sámi witchcraft. The illustrations in Lapland differ from those in Lapponia in several ways, for instance regarding composition, number of figures and choice of subject matter. Two illustrations of indigenous Sámi religion in Lapland are focused on, and the discussion relates them to the accompanying text and to illustrations in Lapponia. The questions asked are to what extent the illustrations play a part in the construction of meaning in Lapland; to what extent do they contribute to othering processes; and what role do the background figures in the illustrations have, i.e., do they have important functions or are they purely decorative? The discussions reveal that the illustrations play a part in the construction of meaning in several ways, for instance by playing a role in the negotiation of meaning in a semantic space between word and image. They contribute to othering processes by implicit references to ideas of witchcraft and by displaying differences in gesture between Sámi and Europeans. The background figures are more than purely decorative because they play a role in the narrative of the illustrations.
{"title":"Dutch Images of Indigenous Sámi Religion. Jan Luyken's Illustrations of Lapland","authors":"Rognald Heiseldal Bergesen","doi":"10.1080/08003831.2015.1090164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08003831.2015.1090164","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In 1682, the Dutch artist Jan Luyken (1649–1712) made a novel set of copper engravings to illustrate the book Lapland (1682). The book was a Dutch translation of Lapponia (1673), the first scientific monograph about Sámi culture and written by the Swedish-German scholar Johannes Schefferus at the University of Uppsala in Sweden. Its original illustrations were woodcuts based on drawings by the author. According to the commission from the Swedish authorities, the book should enlighten Europeans about Sámi culture by using unbiased information, and thus refute misunderstandings that had occurred among many Europeans labouring under the false belief that Swedish military success was due to Sámi witchcraft. The illustrations in Lapland differ from those in Lapponia in several ways, for instance regarding composition, number of figures and choice of subject matter. Two illustrations of indigenous Sámi religion in Lapland are focused on, and the discussion relates them to the accompanying text and to illustrations in Lapponia. The questions asked are to what extent the illustrations play a part in the construction of meaning in Lapland; to what extent do they contribute to othering processes; and what role do the background figures in the illustrations have, i.e., do they have important functions or are they purely decorative? The discussions reveal that the illustrations play a part in the construction of meaning in several ways, for instance by playing a role in the negotiation of meaning in a semantic space between word and image. They contribute to othering processes by implicit references to ideas of witchcraft and by displaying differences in gesture between Sámi and Europeans. The background figures are more than purely decorative because they play a role in the narrative of the illustrations.","PeriodicalId":44093,"journal":{"name":"Acta Borealia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08003831.2015.1090164","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59542529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-03DOI: 10.1080/08003831.2015.1089714
Marion Gibson
{"title":"Witches of the North: Scotland and Finnmark","authors":"Marion Gibson","doi":"10.1080/08003831.2015.1089714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08003831.2015.1089714","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44093,"journal":{"name":"Acta Borealia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08003831.2015.1089714","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59542451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-03DOI: 10.1080/08003831.2015.1090161
Marie-Theres Federhofer
northern Europe, Germany and Austria. These build on the first great pan-European study of witchcraft, Bengt Ankarloo and Gustav Henningsen’s Early Modern European Witchcraft: Centres and Peripheries (which it is difficult to believe is over 20 years old, having been published in 1993). Although the descriptive rhetoric of centre and periphery is no longer particularly current, the notion of bringing together work on an ever-wider range of European (and global) witchcraft prosecutions is appealing. So is the notion of translating into English (for ignorant near-monoglots like myself) key studies from across the world, which could transform our understanding of the phenomena that contribute to accusation, prosecution and conviction. At the conference organized by Willumsen and Rita Voltmer in Tromsø last year, it certainly seemed that a renaissance of northern European witchcraft studies was in prospect, and perhaps a second wave of the enthusiasm that prompted Ankarloo and Henningsen’s enterprise in the early 1990s. Willumsen’s pioneering work, both the detailed local study and her theoretical stance on the necessity of comparison, is likely to be highly influential in such a desirable development.
{"title":"Passagiere des Eises. Polarhelden und arktische Diskurse 1874 [Passengers of the Ice: Polar Heroes and Arctic Discourses, 1874]","authors":"Marie-Theres Federhofer","doi":"10.1080/08003831.2015.1090161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08003831.2015.1090161","url":null,"abstract":"northern Europe, Germany and Austria. These build on the first great pan-European study of witchcraft, Bengt Ankarloo and Gustav Henningsen’s Early Modern European Witchcraft: Centres and Peripheries (which it is difficult to believe is over 20 years old, having been published in 1993). Although the descriptive rhetoric of centre and periphery is no longer particularly current, the notion of bringing together work on an ever-wider range of European (and global) witchcraft prosecutions is appealing. So is the notion of translating into English (for ignorant near-monoglots like myself) key studies from across the world, which could transform our understanding of the phenomena that contribute to accusation, prosecution and conviction. At the conference organized by Willumsen and Rita Voltmer in Tromsø last year, it certainly seemed that a renaissance of northern European witchcraft studies was in prospect, and perhaps a second wave of the enthusiasm that prompted Ankarloo and Henningsen’s enterprise in the early 1990s. Willumsen’s pioneering work, both the detailed local study and her theoretical stance on the necessity of comparison, is likely to be highly influential in such a desirable development.","PeriodicalId":44093,"journal":{"name":"Acta Borealia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08003831.2015.1090161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59542467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-03DOI: 10.1080/08003831.2015.1089672
N. Vakhtin
ABSTRACT In the 1920s, two strong intellectual trends were simultaneously developing in Russia: the studies of languages and cultures of the indigenous population of Siberia and the Far North (led by Vladimir Bogoras, Leo Shternberg, and others), and sociolinguistic studies (led by Evgeniy Polivanov, Afanasiy Selischev, Rosaliya Shor, and others). Sociolinguistics as a new and fashionable branch of knowledge included many topics (sociolinguistic theory, social dialectology, influence of rapid social changes on language), but there never were attempts to study sociolinguistically the languages of indigenous “Northern” minorities. In 1929 Roman Jakobson and Nikolai Trubetskoy, who by that time were both living abroad, launched a project called “Languages of the USSR.” The project could have united the two trends, but it was soon terminated because of the Great Depression in the West and a sharp turn in Stalin's policy in 1929 when many Russian scholars were prosecuted, academia became split in a fight over who represented “the true Marxism”, and international collaboration became dangerous for Russian scholars. Another reason for the lack of interest in sociolinguistic studies of indigenous minority languages was the evolutionist paradigm of Siberianist cultural anthropology of the time. As a result, the Soviet language planning for Northern indigenous minority languages in the1930s and later did not sufficiently take into account the sociolinguistic aspect of the problem; this may be responsible for its many failures and inconsistencies.
{"title":"Indigenous minorities of Siberia and Russian sociolinguistics of the 1920s: A life apart?","authors":"N. Vakhtin","doi":"10.1080/08003831.2015.1089672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08003831.2015.1089672","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the 1920s, two strong intellectual trends were simultaneously developing in Russia: the studies of languages and cultures of the indigenous population of Siberia and the Far North (led by Vladimir Bogoras, Leo Shternberg, and others), and sociolinguistic studies (led by Evgeniy Polivanov, Afanasiy Selischev, Rosaliya Shor, and others). Sociolinguistics as a new and fashionable branch of knowledge included many topics (sociolinguistic theory, social dialectology, influence of rapid social changes on language), but there never were attempts to study sociolinguistically the languages of indigenous “Northern” minorities. In 1929 Roman Jakobson and Nikolai Trubetskoy, who by that time were both living abroad, launched a project called “Languages of the USSR.” The project could have united the two trends, but it was soon terminated because of the Great Depression in the West and a sharp turn in Stalin's policy in 1929 when many Russian scholars were prosecuted, academia became split in a fight over who represented “the true Marxism”, and international collaboration became dangerous for Russian scholars. Another reason for the lack of interest in sociolinguistic studies of indigenous minority languages was the evolutionist paradigm of Siberianist cultural anthropology of the time. As a result, the Soviet language planning for Northern indigenous minority languages in the1930s and later did not sufficiently take into account the sociolinguistic aspect of the problem; this may be responsible for its many failures and inconsistencies.","PeriodicalId":44093,"journal":{"name":"Acta Borealia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08003831.2015.1089672","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59542395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-03DOI: 10.1080/08003831.2015.1089670
B. Hersoug, Bjørn-Petter Finstad, P. Christensen
ABSTRACT The Norwegian system of mandatory sales unions with monopoly powers to fix minimum ex-vessel prices, protected by law, has for years attracted much interest, ranging from contempt to admiration. How is it that a system invented during the economic crisis in the late 1930s has survived and thrived, even in an era of increasing globalization and free market reforms? The paper gives a brief history of the system and examines how it has changed, developed and been contested since its establishment in 1938. Special emphasis is placed on the Norwegian Raw Fish Association (NRA), which is the largest of the Norwegian fish sales unions. With a conservative-liberalist coalition government since 2013, the system has again been questioned, and the paper discusses whether the Fish Sales Unions Act and the sales unions will survive in the future.
{"title":"The system of Norwegian fish sales unions – An anachronism or a successful adaptation to modern fisheries?","authors":"B. Hersoug, Bjørn-Petter Finstad, P. Christensen","doi":"10.1080/08003831.2015.1089670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08003831.2015.1089670","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Norwegian system of mandatory sales unions with monopoly powers to fix minimum ex-vessel prices, protected by law, has for years attracted much interest, ranging from contempt to admiration. How is it that a system invented during the economic crisis in the late 1930s has survived and thrived, even in an era of increasing globalization and free market reforms? The paper gives a brief history of the system and examines how it has changed, developed and been contested since its establishment in 1938. Special emphasis is placed on the Norwegian Raw Fish Association (NRA), which is the largest of the Norwegian fish sales unions. With a conservative-liberalist coalition government since 2013, the system has again been questioned, and the paper discusses whether the Fish Sales Unions Act and the sales unions will survive in the future.","PeriodicalId":44093,"journal":{"name":"Acta Borealia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08003831.2015.1089670","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59542355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-03DOI: 10.1080/08003831.2015.1090204
Teresa Miranda Maureira, S. Stenbacka
ABSTRACT Tourism is a well-known way of life for an increasing portion of the world's indigenous communities, and it has taken tortuous paths and undergone changes in approach and meaning. Indigenous tourism is examined here within the theoretical framework of resilience, focusing on development, communication and justification. Men and women and their perspectives on space, time and spatial relations are the crucial agents in these processes. Based on an empirical study in Québec, Canada, we show that the impact of indigenous tourism includes networks within the local community at the regional and national levels, as well as translocal networks and relationships. Communicative processes are essential for achieving resilience, communicating identity within families and the community, and giving a voice to a political project. We argue that indigenous tourism works on several geographical levels and that these levels intersect and have the potential to increase resilience if they interact. Our study supplements resilience development theory by highlighting the need to consider communities as parts of networks. It also contributes to the field of tourism research by emphasising communication on several levels.
{"title":"Indigenous Tourism and Processes of Resilience – About Communicative Strategies among Tourism Workers in Québec","authors":"Teresa Miranda Maureira, S. Stenbacka","doi":"10.1080/08003831.2015.1090204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08003831.2015.1090204","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Tourism is a well-known way of life for an increasing portion of the world's indigenous communities, and it has taken tortuous paths and undergone changes in approach and meaning. Indigenous tourism is examined here within the theoretical framework of resilience, focusing on development, communication and justification. Men and women and their perspectives on space, time and spatial relations are the crucial agents in these processes. Based on an empirical study in Québec, Canada, we show that the impact of indigenous tourism includes networks within the local community at the regional and national levels, as well as translocal networks and relationships. Communicative processes are essential for achieving resilience, communicating identity within families and the community, and giving a voice to a political project. We argue that indigenous tourism works on several geographical levels and that these levels intersect and have the potential to increase resilience if they interact. Our study supplements resilience development theory by highlighting the need to consider communities as parts of networks. It also contributes to the field of tourism research by emphasising communication on several levels.","PeriodicalId":44093,"journal":{"name":"Acta Borealia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08003831.2015.1090204","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59542539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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