Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.1177/23294965231215081
Patricia Louie, Cary Wu
This study assessed the relationship between race and long COVID and the role that socioeconomic plays in this relationship. We analyzed data from the Household Pulse Survey (HPS) conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau from September 14 to September 26, 2022. Of the 18,061 individuals in the sample, 4,927 (weighted 28.6 percent) reported long COVID. We used multiple logistic regressions to examine the association between race, socioeconomic status, and long COVID. We found that Black and Hispanic individuals shared similar odds of long COVID with White individuals. Only Asian individuals reported a significantly lower odds of long COVID as compared to White individuals. The relationship between race and long COVID was buffered by socioeconomic status ( p-value <.001), but the effect size was 3 times greater among White individuals than among Black, Hispanic, and Asian individuals. These findings suggest that support for groups with long COVID should especially be concentrated among individuals with low socioeconomic status. It is also important to address the barriers that limit the translation of high socioeconomic status into a protective health resource for racial and ethnic minorities.
{"title":"Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Long COVID","authors":"Patricia Louie, Cary Wu","doi":"10.1177/23294965231215081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23294965231215081","url":null,"abstract":"This study assessed the relationship between race and long COVID and the role that socioeconomic plays in this relationship. We analyzed data from the Household Pulse Survey (HPS) conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau from September 14 to September 26, 2022. Of the 18,061 individuals in the sample, 4,927 (weighted 28.6 percent) reported long COVID. We used multiple logistic regressions to examine the association between race, socioeconomic status, and long COVID. We found that Black and Hispanic individuals shared similar odds of long COVID with White individuals. Only Asian individuals reported a significantly lower odds of long COVID as compared to White individuals. The relationship between race and long COVID was buffered by socioeconomic status ( p-value <.001), but the effect size was 3 times greater among White individuals than among Black, Hispanic, and Asian individuals. These findings suggest that support for groups with long COVID should especially be concentrated among individuals with low socioeconomic status. It is also important to address the barriers that limit the translation of high socioeconomic status into a protective health resource for racial and ethnic minorities.","PeriodicalId":44139,"journal":{"name":"Social Currents","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136347892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-07DOI: 10.1177/23294965231210814
Pamela Neumann, Virginia K. Berndt, Ashley D. Grajeda
This article analyzes how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum experiences of Mexican-American women living at the U.S.–Mexico border, with an emphasis on participants’ perceptions of different forms of social support: material, emotional, and informational. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 22 Mexican-American women in Laredo, Texas, we show how pandemic-related changes reduced participants’ extensive social support networks to their immediate family members, with male partners frequently expected to make up for the loss of other relational support. These shifts in social support entrenched gendered caregiving roles and placed additional burdens on the women in this study postpartum. Furthermore, changes in healthcare protocols and access to critical healthcare information altered participants’ sense of preparedness and agency with regard to the birthing process and breastfeeding. Altogether, our study contributes novel insights into how Mexican-American women at the U.S.–Mexico border experienced the compounded loss of social support during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum periods in the context of COVID-19, which may lead to negative long-term health consequences among this population.
{"title":"Shifting Social Support: Mexican-American Women’s Navigation of Pregnancy, Childbirth, and Postpartum Periods During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Pamela Neumann, Virginia K. Berndt, Ashley D. Grajeda","doi":"10.1177/23294965231210814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23294965231210814","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum experiences of Mexican-American women living at the U.S.–Mexico border, with an emphasis on participants’ perceptions of different forms of social support: material, emotional, and informational. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 22 Mexican-American women in Laredo, Texas, we show how pandemic-related changes reduced participants’ extensive social support networks to their immediate family members, with male partners frequently expected to make up for the loss of other relational support. These shifts in social support entrenched gendered caregiving roles and placed additional burdens on the women in this study postpartum. Furthermore, changes in healthcare protocols and access to critical healthcare information altered participants’ sense of preparedness and agency with regard to the birthing process and breastfeeding. Altogether, our study contributes novel insights into how Mexican-American women at the U.S.–Mexico border experienced the compounded loss of social support during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum periods in the context of COVID-19, which may lead to negative long-term health consequences among this population.","PeriodicalId":44139,"journal":{"name":"Social Currents","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135480114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-07DOI: 10.1177/23294965231212443
Rory McVeigh, William Carbonaro, Paige Ambord
From 1998 to 2008, conservative activists placed initiatives on ballots in 30 states seeking preemptively to ban marriage for LGBTQ couples. They succeeded in every state, commonly with lopsided vote tallies. We examine what has happened to marriage rates in communities where those battles took place, as beliefs pertaining to marriage equality became more progressive in the nation as a whole and as state-level bans soon fell under the weight of state legislation and state and federal judicial rulings. Counterintuitively, we find that marriage rates have declined the most in communities where opposition to marriage equality was strongest in the early 2000s—so much so, in fact, that they are now indistinguishable from marriage rates in communities where opposition to marriage equality was weaker.
{"title":"What Happens When Privilege Boundaries are Falling? Declining Marriage Rates in Counties that Most Strongly Resisted Marriage Equality","authors":"Rory McVeigh, William Carbonaro, Paige Ambord","doi":"10.1177/23294965231212443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23294965231212443","url":null,"abstract":"From 1998 to 2008, conservative activists placed initiatives on ballots in 30 states seeking preemptively to ban marriage for LGBTQ couples. They succeeded in every state, commonly with lopsided vote tallies. We examine what has happened to marriage rates in communities where those battles took place, as beliefs pertaining to marriage equality became more progressive in the nation as a whole and as state-level bans soon fell under the weight of state legislation and state and federal judicial rulings. Counterintuitively, we find that marriage rates have declined the most in communities where opposition to marriage equality was strongest in the early 2000s—so much so, in fact, that they are now indistinguishable from marriage rates in communities where opposition to marriage equality was weaker.","PeriodicalId":44139,"journal":{"name":"Social Currents","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135475298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1177/23294965231210812
Joong Won Kim
Drawing from eleven (11) in-depth interviews with Korean and Korean American students at a predominantly white university (PWI) coupled with ethnographic participant observation of registered Korean American and Korean student organizations, this study develops how “Hallyu”—a nomenclature to refer to the Korean cultural wave—is received and interpreted by Asian and Asian American students. Borrowing from Eng and Han’s racial dissociation and Swidler’s metaphor of a cultural toolkit, this study shows a broader understanding of the immigrant experience of Asian Americans while simultaneously highlighting the dominant frame in which Asian Americans see themselves within the racial order vis-a-vis Hallyu. Furthermore, this study captures the racial dynamics of Asian American college students as they express (1) racial apathy, (2) racial and ethnic identity crises, and (3) experience of hyper-racialization. In complicating these nuances, this study illustrates the limitations of diversity, inclusion, and efforts at “multiculturalism,” suggesting analysts of race start from a global, transnational framework to examine the racialization of Asian and Asian Americans.
{"title":"The Racialization of the Cultural Toolkit and the Racial Positions of Asia and Asian America","authors":"Joong Won Kim","doi":"10.1177/23294965231210812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23294965231210812","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing from eleven (11) in-depth interviews with Korean and Korean American students at a predominantly white university (PWI) coupled with ethnographic participant observation of registered Korean American and Korean student organizations, this study develops how “Hallyu”—a nomenclature to refer to the Korean cultural wave—is received and interpreted by Asian and Asian American students. Borrowing from Eng and Han’s racial dissociation and Swidler’s metaphor of a cultural toolkit, this study shows a broader understanding of the immigrant experience of Asian Americans while simultaneously highlighting the dominant frame in which Asian Americans see themselves within the racial order vis-a-vis Hallyu. Furthermore, this study captures the racial dynamics of Asian American college students as they express (1) racial apathy, (2) racial and ethnic identity crises, and (3) experience of hyper-racialization. In complicating these nuances, this study illustrates the limitations of diversity, inclusion, and efforts at “multiculturalism,” suggesting analysts of race start from a global, transnational framework to examine the racialization of Asian and Asian Americans.","PeriodicalId":44139,"journal":{"name":"Social Currents","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135325816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.1177/23294965231203028
Braden Leap, Marybeth C. Stalp, Kimberly Kelly
How right-wing populist politicians do gender has gained increasing attention. Far less consideration has been granted to how citizens assess such politicians’ genders. Using 78 interviews and 662 self-administered questionnaires completed by American adults who were voluntarily producing personal protective equipment in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we analyze respondents’ descriptions of then-President Donald Trump’s responses to the pandemic. Drawing on the emerging caring masculinities literature, we argue that respondents linked the legitimacy of Trump’s authority to whether he sought to care for them by protecting their well-being or dominate them for his own benefit. Supporters described Trump as an effective leader who strategically cared about and for Americans despite nefarious attempts to undermine him. Critics portrayed Trump as an irrational authoritarian seeking to consolidate and expand his power—regardless of the impacts on Americans. These results provide preliminary evidence that perceived acts of care by right-wing populists can be especially important to how members of the public evaluate such politicians’ genders and their claims to power. While right-wing populists are often described as cultivating especially aggressive, tough masculinities, our results suggest populists’ abilities to be perceived as caring can also be significant to legitimating their access to state power.
{"title":"He Does (Not) Care: COVID-19 Volunteers’ Assessments of Donald Trump’s Responses to the Pandemic","authors":"Braden Leap, Marybeth C. Stalp, Kimberly Kelly","doi":"10.1177/23294965231203028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23294965231203028","url":null,"abstract":"How right-wing populist politicians do gender has gained increasing attention. Far less consideration has been granted to how citizens assess such politicians’ genders. Using 78 interviews and 662 self-administered questionnaires completed by American adults who were voluntarily producing personal protective equipment in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we analyze respondents’ descriptions of then-President Donald Trump’s responses to the pandemic. Drawing on the emerging caring masculinities literature, we argue that respondents linked the legitimacy of Trump’s authority to whether he sought to care for them by protecting their well-being or dominate them for his own benefit. Supporters described Trump as an effective leader who strategically cared about and for Americans despite nefarious attempts to undermine him. Critics portrayed Trump as an irrational authoritarian seeking to consolidate and expand his power—regardless of the impacts on Americans. These results provide preliminary evidence that perceived acts of care by right-wing populists can be especially important to how members of the public evaluate such politicians’ genders and their claims to power. While right-wing populists are often described as cultivating especially aggressive, tough masculinities, our results suggest populists’ abilities to be perceived as caring can also be significant to legitimating their access to state power.","PeriodicalId":44139,"journal":{"name":"Social Currents","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135815198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-22DOI: 10.1177/23294965231203027
Adam R. Roth
The proliferation of smartphone technology has afforded exciting new methodological opportunities within the social sciences. Ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) leverage this recent technological advancement by tracking the behaviors and perceptions of study participants as they are experienced in real time via smartphone devices in natural environments. Despite their longstanding theoretical interest in how the social environment influences a variety of personal outcomes, sociologists have been slower than many related disciplines to embrace EMAs as a viable methodology. This article promotes the use of EMAs by providing a historical overview of the methodology, highlighting several recent developments within sociology, and exploring future directions while clearly explicating inherent limitations to the EMA approach.
{"title":"Ecological Momentary Assessments in Sociology","authors":"Adam R. Roth","doi":"10.1177/23294965231203027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23294965231203027","url":null,"abstract":"The proliferation of smartphone technology has afforded exciting new methodological opportunities within the social sciences. Ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) leverage this recent technological advancement by tracking the behaviors and perceptions of study participants as they are experienced in real time via smartphone devices in natural environments. Despite their longstanding theoretical interest in how the social environment influences a variety of personal outcomes, sociologists have been slower than many related disciplines to embrace EMAs as a viable methodology. This article promotes the use of EMAs by providing a historical overview of the methodology, highlighting several recent developments within sociology, and exploring future directions while clearly explicating inherent limitations to the EMA approach.","PeriodicalId":44139,"journal":{"name":"Social Currents","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136061815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-16DOI: 10.1177/23294965231201369
Sumin Lee, Andrew Messamore, Pamela Paxton
Public understanding of violence against women, and appropriate solutions to tackling gender-based violence, have changed enormously over the past 50 years. In this paper, we study how violence against women is practically understood through organizational efforts to frame and combat it in the United States. We use topic modeling and dictionary-based content analysis to explore the missions and programming of 918 service and advocacy nonprofits directly involved in anti-violence work between 1998 and 2016. We find that, in contrast to earlier foci on direct crisis intervention, anti-violence organizations increasingly understand violence against women as a multifaceted problem that must be addressed by comprehensive programming. We also find that nonprofits increasingly use medicalized, criminal-legal, and bureaucratic language to describe their work, underscoring the tensions of institutionalization.
{"title":"Using Text as Data to Reveal Changing Organizational Perspectives on Violence Against Women in the United States","authors":"Sumin Lee, Andrew Messamore, Pamela Paxton","doi":"10.1177/23294965231201369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23294965231201369","url":null,"abstract":"Public understanding of violence against women, and appropriate solutions to tackling gender-based violence, have changed enormously over the past 50 years. In this paper, we study how violence against women is practically understood through organizational efforts to frame and combat it in the United States. We use topic modeling and dictionary-based content analysis to explore the missions and programming of 918 service and advocacy nonprofits directly involved in anti-violence work between 1998 and 2016. We find that, in contrast to earlier foci on direct crisis intervention, anti-violence organizations increasingly understand violence against women as a multifaceted problem that must be addressed by comprehensive programming. We also find that nonprofits increasingly use medicalized, criminal-legal, and bureaucratic language to describe their work, underscoring the tensions of institutionalization.","PeriodicalId":44139,"journal":{"name":"Social Currents","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135306399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-12DOI: 10.1177/23294965231201373
Bo-Hyeong Jane Lee, Anna Manzoni
We investigate how women’s family, work, and education statuses are configured over the life course, defining different pathways throughout adulthood. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent and Adult Health, we conduct a repeated measures latent class analysis to explore the various pathways of family, work, and education that women take between their late teens and early forties. Additionally, we investigate the extent to which these pathways vary by race and socioeconomic background. We find seven distinct pathways. In three of the pathways, women are likely to become mothers at an earlier age, but differ in terms of education and work patterns. Three other pathways include women who focus primarily on college in early adulthood, but differ in terms of their work and family patterns. An additional pathway comprises women who remain largely independent while working and continuing education into adulthood. Pathways vary significantly by race, parents’ education, and early family poverty. This study highlights the fluidity of women’s work and educational experiences across adulthood, and articulates significant nuances in the different combinations of women’s family, work, and education across demographic backgrounds.
{"title":"Women’s Configurations of Family, Work, and Education: Mapping Diverse Pathways Throughout Adulthood","authors":"Bo-Hyeong Jane Lee, Anna Manzoni","doi":"10.1177/23294965231201373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23294965231201373","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate how women’s family, work, and education statuses are configured over the life course, defining different pathways throughout adulthood. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent and Adult Health, we conduct a repeated measures latent class analysis to explore the various pathways of family, work, and education that women take between their late teens and early forties. Additionally, we investigate the extent to which these pathways vary by race and socioeconomic background. We find seven distinct pathways. In three of the pathways, women are likely to become mothers at an earlier age, but differ in terms of education and work patterns. Three other pathways include women who focus primarily on college in early adulthood, but differ in terms of their work and family patterns. An additional pathway comprises women who remain largely independent while working and continuing education into adulthood. Pathways vary significantly by race, parents’ education, and early family poverty. This study highlights the fluidity of women’s work and educational experiences across adulthood, and articulates significant nuances in the different combinations of women’s family, work, and education across demographic backgrounds.","PeriodicalId":44139,"journal":{"name":"Social Currents","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135878535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-27DOI: 10.1177/23294965231197183
B. Silver
Knowledge about whether and how students’ dispositions and ways of thinking are shaped by higher education has expanded rapidly in recent years. Drawing from in-depth interviews with 104 college students at a large public university in the United States, this study examined how participants described the relationship between individual experiences and social, historical, and political contexts. Findings indicate that most students understood the world in ways that were in conflict with stated university goals to foster understanding of the connections between individuals and broader contextual factors. The perspectives that emerged varied by socioeconomic status. Less socioeconomically advantaged students placed an emphasis on individual responsibility in ways that evoked self-blame for struggles. More socioeconomically advantaged students, by contrast, relied on contextualized explanations of their own lived experiences but refused to extend those explanations to understand the experiences of others. These perspectives contribute to the reproduction of inequality as students move through and beyond college. Presented findings extend conversations about how the potential transformative impact of higher education may be undermined by neoliberalism and marketization, which have reshaped the distribution of opportunities and resources in postsecondary institutions. Implications for addressing this inequality by framing education in more holistic ways are discussed.
{"title":"Understanding the Individual in Context: Socioeconomic Inequality in College Students’ Perspectives","authors":"B. Silver","doi":"10.1177/23294965231197183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23294965231197183","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge about whether and how students’ dispositions and ways of thinking are shaped by higher education has expanded rapidly in recent years. Drawing from in-depth interviews with 104 college students at a large public university in the United States, this study examined how participants described the relationship between individual experiences and social, historical, and political contexts. Findings indicate that most students understood the world in ways that were in conflict with stated university goals to foster understanding of the connections between individuals and broader contextual factors. The perspectives that emerged varied by socioeconomic status. Less socioeconomically advantaged students placed an emphasis on individual responsibility in ways that evoked self-blame for struggles. More socioeconomically advantaged students, by contrast, relied on contextualized explanations of their own lived experiences but refused to extend those explanations to understand the experiences of others. These perspectives contribute to the reproduction of inequality as students move through and beyond college. Presented findings extend conversations about how the potential transformative impact of higher education may be undermined by neoliberalism and marketization, which have reshaped the distribution of opportunities and resources in postsecondary institutions. Implications for addressing this inequality by framing education in more holistic ways are discussed.","PeriodicalId":44139,"journal":{"name":"Social Currents","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42403005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-06DOI: 10.1177/23294965231193333
Hollie Daniels, Trinity Lakin, J. Reynolds
According to the theory of effectively maintained inequality, families advantaged by income or race/ethnicity attend colleges and complete their degrees at higher rates due to both quantitative and qualitative distinctiveness from other families. This study extends this line of research by investigating whether the distribution and payoffs of accelerated credits from Advanced Placement, International Baccalaureate, and dual enrollment programs likewise follow a pattern of perpetuating racial/ethnic gaps in college completion. We hypothesize that racial inequality in college outcomes will be maintained by the concentration of minority students in lesser-rewarding types of accelerated credit and by racial differences in the payoff of specific types of accelerated credit. Using institutional data from a large public four-year university in Florida, we find notable racial/ethnic differences in amount and type of accelerated credit. Event history analyses suggest that these differences account for a relatively small portion of the Black/White difference in college completion. Overall, the results provide little support for theories of maintained inequality, and we conclude accelerated credit programs do not meaningfully contribute to the racial stratification of higher education among college matriculants.
{"title":"Racial/Ethnic Differences in Accelerated Credit and Inequalities in College Completion","authors":"Hollie Daniels, Trinity Lakin, J. Reynolds","doi":"10.1177/23294965231193333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23294965231193333","url":null,"abstract":"According to the theory of effectively maintained inequality, families advantaged by income or race/ethnicity attend colleges and complete their degrees at higher rates due to both quantitative and qualitative distinctiveness from other families. This study extends this line of research by investigating whether the distribution and payoffs of accelerated credits from Advanced Placement, International Baccalaureate, and dual enrollment programs likewise follow a pattern of perpetuating racial/ethnic gaps in college completion. We hypothesize that racial inequality in college outcomes will be maintained by the concentration of minority students in lesser-rewarding types of accelerated credit and by racial differences in the payoff of specific types of accelerated credit. Using institutional data from a large public four-year university in Florida, we find notable racial/ethnic differences in amount and type of accelerated credit. Event history analyses suggest that these differences account for a relatively small portion of the Black/White difference in college completion. Overall, the results provide little support for theories of maintained inequality, and we conclude accelerated credit programs do not meaningfully contribute to the racial stratification of higher education among college matriculants.","PeriodicalId":44139,"journal":{"name":"Social Currents","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44486598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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