Pub Date : 2019-02-06DOI: 10.1080/25726668.2019.1575053
Ashish Kumar, R. Dimitrakopoulos
ABSTRACT Simultaneous stochastic optimization of mining complexes aims to optimize its different components in a single optimization model under grade, geometallurgical and material type uncertainty. The single optimization model capitalizes on synergies between the different components and the quantified variability and uncertainty of the materials mined, to better meet production targets while maximizing the net present value (NPV) of a mining complex. Integrating uncertainty and decisions about geometallurgical aspects of materials in the optimization model assists in achieving higher and more stable throughput with comminution circuits. This paper introduces an approach to integrate uncertainty and decisions about two non-additive geometallurgical properties, semi-autogenous power index and bond work index in the simultaneous stochastic optimization model. An application of the proposed approach at a large copper–gold mining complex indicates higher chances of meeting the different production targets, substantial increase in metal production and a 19.3% increase in NPV compared to the conventional plan.
{"title":"Application of simultaneous stochastic optimization with geometallurgical decisions at a copper–gold mining complex","authors":"Ashish Kumar, R. Dimitrakopoulos","doi":"10.1080/25726668.2019.1575053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25726668.2019.1575053","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Simultaneous stochastic optimization of mining complexes aims to optimize its different components in a single optimization model under grade, geometallurgical and material type uncertainty. The single optimization model capitalizes on synergies between the different components and the quantified variability and uncertainty of the materials mined, to better meet production targets while maximizing the net present value (NPV) of a mining complex. Integrating uncertainty and decisions about geometallurgical aspects of materials in the optimization model assists in achieving higher and more stable throughput with comminution circuits. This paper introduces an approach to integrate uncertainty and decisions about two non-additive geometallurgical properties, semi-autogenous power index and bond work index in the simultaneous stochastic optimization model. An application of the proposed approach at a large copper–gold mining complex indicates higher chances of meeting the different production targets, substantial increase in metal production and a 19.3% increase in NPV compared to the conventional plan.","PeriodicalId":44166,"journal":{"name":"Mining Technology-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"63 1","pages":"105 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76704487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT This study proposes a virtual monitoring method for hydraulic supports based on digital twin theory. This method includes an information model, which monitors the attitudes of the hydraulic supports using an information fusion algorithm. This is combined with a virtual digital model that simulates the actual hydraulic support. Important technological aspects of the monitoring system were achieved at the real-virtual interface, which digitizes and modularizes the management and connection processes of the hydraulic supports over its entire life cycle. Finally, experiments were conducted and the real-time virtual images were synchronized with the actual motion of the support within one second, and the error range between the virtual and actual support postures did not exceed 1%. This study demonstrates the potential of this novel combined approach to make it possible to effectively monitor and make decisions regarding the safe and efficient operation of mechanized mine equipment that employ hydraulic supports.
{"title":"Virtual monitoring method for hydraulic supports based on digital twin theory","authors":"Jiacheng Xie, Xuewen Wang, Zhaojian Yang, Shangqing Hao","doi":"10.1080/25726668.2019.1569367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25726668.2019.1569367","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study proposes a virtual monitoring method for hydraulic supports based on digital twin theory. This method includes an information model, which monitors the attitudes of the hydraulic supports using an information fusion algorithm. This is combined with a virtual digital model that simulates the actual hydraulic support. Important technological aspects of the monitoring system were achieved at the real-virtual interface, which digitizes and modularizes the management and connection processes of the hydraulic supports over its entire life cycle. Finally, experiments were conducted and the real-time virtual images were synchronized with the actual motion of the support within one second, and the error range between the virtual and actual support postures did not exceed 1%. This study demonstrates the potential of this novel combined approach to make it possible to effectively monitor and make decisions regarding the safe and efficient operation of mechanized mine equipment that employ hydraulic supports.","PeriodicalId":44166,"journal":{"name":"Mining Technology-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"7 1","pages":"77 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88257150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-04DOI: 10.1080/25726668.2018.1563742
F. Khodayari, Y. Pourrahimian
ABSTRACT Although some scheduling optimization models can be found in the literature, few of them include material flow and the resulting dilution. In this paper, a 3D mixing methodology is proposed to be incorporated into the production schedule model. To capture horizontal and vertical mixing, different scenarios are generated based on the particles that fall into a 3D cone of movement, CoM. The proposed model is a block caving scheduling optimizer, BCSO, which includes mixing in the optimization. The BCSO was tested on a real-case block caving mine with 424 drawpoints; also, a number of production schedules were generated for the same mine using PCBC GEOVIA software. Resulting production schedules show that the BCSO can improve the NPV of the project by 2% to 4% compared to the best case generated by PCBC.
{"title":"Long-term production scheduling optimization and 3D material mixing analysis for block caving mines","authors":"F. Khodayari, Y. Pourrahimian","doi":"10.1080/25726668.2018.1563742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25726668.2018.1563742","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Although some scheduling optimization models can be found in the literature, few of them include material flow and the resulting dilution. In this paper, a 3D mixing methodology is proposed to be incorporated into the production schedule model. To capture horizontal and vertical mixing, different scenarios are generated based on the particles that fall into a 3D cone of movement, CoM. The proposed model is a block caving scheduling optimizer, BCSO, which includes mixing in the optimization. The BCSO was tested on a real-case block caving mine with 424 drawpoints; also, a number of production schedules were generated for the same mine using PCBC GEOVIA software. Resulting production schedules show that the BCSO can improve the NPV of the project by 2% to 4% compared to the best case generated by PCBC.","PeriodicalId":44166,"journal":{"name":"Mining Technology-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"1 1","pages":"65 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90942194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/25726668.2018.1470275
Taís Renata Câmara, Ronald Scheffer Leal, R. Peroni, L. Capponi
ABSTRACT Dilution and ore loss are important factors that can affect costs and profitability of a mining operation by lowering the quantity of mineral or metal that can be produced from each ton of processed ore. When discussing open-pit mining, dilution and ore loss are sometimes assumed as fixed factors in geostatistical block models and cut-off grade calculations, without considering specific particularities of the deposit and operation. This paper proposes to quantify the dilution caused by operational inefficiency through identifying the ore blocks that are a part of the short-term plans and mapping their neighbourhood, considering the nature of the contacts and the differences in grades. This technique enables the operational dilution to be calculated. It is applicable for operations using mechanical excavation and/or blasting. The results demonstrate that operational dilution can be measured and controlled to improve the tonnage and grade reconciliation between planning and production.
{"title":"Controlling operational dilution in open-pit mining","authors":"Taís Renata Câmara, Ronald Scheffer Leal, R. Peroni, L. Capponi","doi":"10.1080/25726668.2018.1470275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25726668.2018.1470275","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Dilution and ore loss are important factors that can affect costs and profitability of a mining operation by lowering the quantity of mineral or metal that can be produced from each ton of processed ore. When discussing open-pit mining, dilution and ore loss are sometimes assumed as fixed factors in geostatistical block models and cut-off grade calculations, without considering specific particularities of the deposit and operation. This paper proposes to quantify the dilution caused by operational inefficiency through identifying the ore blocks that are a part of the short-term plans and mapping their neighbourhood, considering the nature of the contacts and the differences in grades. This technique enables the operational dilution to be calculated. It is applicable for operations using mechanical excavation and/or blasting. The results demonstrate that operational dilution can be measured and controlled to improve the tonnage and grade reconciliation between planning and production.","PeriodicalId":44166,"journal":{"name":"Mining Technology-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"13 1","pages":"1 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77483657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/25726668.2018.1473314
A. Moradi Afrapoli, M. Tabesh, H. Askari-Nasab
ABSTRACT Haul fleet size determination is a critical task in any surface mining operation where the material is handled using the truck-and-shovel system. Although the problem of finding the optimum haulage fleet size has been thoroughly studied, there are two important shortcomings: disregarding the effects of downstream processes on the operation and ignoring the fleet management system effects. This paper presents an integrated simulation-optimization framework to address the haul fleet size determination problem surface mines and target the two shortcomings listed above. In the developed framework, the mining operation, the processing plants, and the operational decision tools communicate with each other to find the best size of the haul fleet required to meet the production schedule. Results of the study show that the developed framework is capable of handling the operation with 13% less number of trucks than the required number of trucks suggested by deterministic calculations.
{"title":"A stochastic hybrid simulation-optimization approach towards haul fleet sizing in surface mines","authors":"A. Moradi Afrapoli, M. Tabesh, H. Askari-Nasab","doi":"10.1080/25726668.2018.1473314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25726668.2018.1473314","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Haul fleet size determination is a critical task in any surface mining operation where the material is handled using the truck-and-shovel system. Although the problem of finding the optimum haulage fleet size has been thoroughly studied, there are two important shortcomings: disregarding the effects of downstream processes on the operation and ignoring the fleet management system effects. This paper presents an integrated simulation-optimization framework to address the haul fleet size determination problem surface mines and target the two shortcomings listed above. In the developed framework, the mining operation, the processing plants, and the operational decision tools communicate with each other to find the best size of the haul fleet required to meet the production schedule. Results of the study show that the developed framework is capable of handling the operation with 13% less number of trucks than the required number of trucks suggested by deterministic calculations.","PeriodicalId":44166,"journal":{"name":"Mining Technology-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"73 1","pages":"20 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74403422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-14DOI: 10.1080/25726668.2018.1554933
Petrus J. Terblanche, M. Kearney, M. Nehring, P. Knights
ABSTRACT The installation of energy recovery systems (ERSs) on-board diesel-electric mine haul trucks to capture energy when braking and re-inject stored energy on acceleration and ramp ascent, is proposed to reduce haul costs in surface mining. ERSs would add to equipment cost and reduce truck payload, reducing productivity and effectively increasing other haul-related costs. However, stored energy could reduce fuel consumption and could be used to reduce cycle time thereby improving productivity when conditions are favourable. This paper investigates how the installation of fixed size electro-mechanical flywheel (EMFW) or lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) based ERSs could affect the overall cost of truck haulage over the 20-year life of a metalliferous surface mine reaching 600 m deep. The simulation study suggests LiFePO4 technology can be expected to provide significantly greater haul cost reductions than the EMFW technology by reducing haul costs by 1.4–6.2% depending on the energy re-injection strategy employed.
{"title":"Potential of on-board energy recovery systems to reduce haulage costs over the life of a deep surface mine","authors":"Petrus J. Terblanche, M. Kearney, M. Nehring, P. Knights","doi":"10.1080/25726668.2018.1554933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25726668.2018.1554933","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The installation of energy recovery systems (ERSs) on-board diesel-electric mine haul trucks to capture energy when braking and re-inject stored energy on acceleration and ramp ascent, is proposed to reduce haul costs in surface mining. ERSs would add to equipment cost and reduce truck payload, reducing productivity and effectively increasing other haul-related costs. However, stored energy could reduce fuel consumption and could be used to reduce cycle time thereby improving productivity when conditions are favourable. This paper investigates how the installation of fixed size electro-mechanical flywheel (EMFW) or lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) based ERSs could affect the overall cost of truck haulage over the 20-year life of a metalliferous surface mine reaching 600 m deep. The simulation study suggests LiFePO4 technology can be expected to provide significantly greater haul cost reductions than the EMFW technology by reducing haul costs by 1.4–6.2% depending on the energy re-injection strategy employed.","PeriodicalId":44166,"journal":{"name":"Mining Technology-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"18 1","pages":"51 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2018-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85096509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-05DOI: 10.1080/25726668.2018.1527982
Bo Ke, K. Zhou, Chaoshui Xu, G. Ren, Tingting Jiang
ABSTRACT A carbon dioxide (CO2) blasting system is a reusable non-explosive blasting product that can be used in many engineering applications. To investigate the influences of thermodynamic properties of liquid CO2 and its explosion energy during the phase transition, the pressure within the blasting tube was measured in a laboratory for a liquid CO2 blasting system. Based on the measured pressure curve, the CO2 blasting process can be divided into three stages: pressure rising stage, pressure release stage and pressure recovery stage. The evolutions of temperature, pressure, phase transition and explosion energy of the CO2 blasting system were analysed in detail in this work. The results show that the variation rate of temperature increases as the initial density of CO2 decreases. The effect of initial CO2 density on its isochoric heat capacity is also significant as the lower the initial density, the higher the peak specific heat capacity at the critical temperature. Based on the Span and Wagner CO2 equation of state and the thermodynamics of explosions, a method is proposed to calculate the explosion energy of CO2 blasting systems. This method produces more accurate and realistic results.
{"title":"Thermodynamic properties and explosion energy analysis of carbon dioxide blasting systems","authors":"Bo Ke, K. Zhou, Chaoshui Xu, G. Ren, Tingting Jiang","doi":"10.1080/25726668.2018.1527982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25726668.2018.1527982","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A carbon dioxide (CO2) blasting system is a reusable non-explosive blasting product that can be used in many engineering applications. To investigate the influences of thermodynamic properties of liquid CO2 and its explosion energy during the phase transition, the pressure within the blasting tube was measured in a laboratory for a liquid CO2 blasting system. Based on the measured pressure curve, the CO2 blasting process can be divided into three stages: pressure rising stage, pressure release stage and pressure recovery stage. The evolutions of temperature, pressure, phase transition and explosion energy of the CO2 blasting system were analysed in detail in this work. The results show that the variation rate of temperature increases as the initial density of CO2 decreases. The effect of initial CO2 density on its isochoric heat capacity is also significant as the lower the initial density, the higher the peak specific heat capacity at the critical temperature. Based on the Span and Wagner CO2 equation of state and the thermodynamics of explosions, a method is proposed to calculate the explosion energy of CO2 blasting systems. This method produces more accurate and realistic results.","PeriodicalId":44166,"journal":{"name":"Mining Technology-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"5 1","pages":"39 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2018-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86360738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-02DOI: 10.1080/14749009.2017.1409983
E. Karampinos, J. Hadjigeorgiou
ABSTRACT Squeezing ground conditions are observed in several underground hard rock mines characterized by preferential structural features. Mining drives developed in squeezing ground conditions report very large deformations over their working life. This paper reports on a long term study of the observed very large deformations in mining drives at the LaRonde and Lapa mines in north-west Quebec, Canada. This analysis followed a comprehensive instrumentation, rock mass characterization and monitoring programme at the two mines. Drive convergence measurements were analysed and employed to quantify the role of structure, strength and mining development in squeezing ground conditions. The observed levels of drive convergence were considerably higher than previously reported in other hard rock mines. This paper reports on a quantitative interpretation of the rock mass, stress and design parameters that control the degree of squeezing. These observations have significant influence for the design and mitigation of mining drives in squeezing ground conditions.
{"title":"Quantifying the influence of structure, rock mass strength and mining development of drives in squeezing ground","authors":"E. Karampinos, J. Hadjigeorgiou","doi":"10.1080/14749009.2017.1409983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14749009.2017.1409983","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Squeezing ground conditions are observed in several underground hard rock mines characterized by preferential structural features. Mining drives developed in squeezing ground conditions report very large deformations over their working life. This paper reports on a long term study of the observed very large deformations in mining drives at the LaRonde and Lapa mines in north-west Quebec, Canada. This analysis followed a comprehensive instrumentation, rock mass characterization and monitoring programme at the two mines. Drive convergence measurements were analysed and employed to quantify the role of structure, strength and mining development in squeezing ground conditions. The observed levels of drive convergence were considerably higher than previously reported in other hard rock mines. This paper reports on a quantitative interpretation of the rock mass, stress and design parameters that control the degree of squeezing. These observations have significant influence for the design and mitigation of mining drives in squeezing ground conditions.","PeriodicalId":44166,"journal":{"name":"Mining Technology-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"94 1","pages":"177 - 194"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91057269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1080/25726668.2019.1626169
Ziad Saliba, R. Dimitrakopoulos
ABSTRACT A mining complex can include multiple mines, stockpiles, waste dumps and processing facilities. Traditional optimization approaches are often based on sequential optimization of the various components in the mining complex leading to suboptimal solutions. They also do not account for uncertainty in critical inputs, resulting in misleading forecasts. This paper presents an application of a stochastic framework that simultaneously optimizes mining, destination and processing decisions for a multi-pit, multi-processor gold mining complex. The framework accounts for supply and market uncertainty via stochastic orebody and commodity price simulations as inputs to a unified optimization model. The case study notably assesses the impacts of integrating market uncertainty as input that influences all components of the production schedule. Additionally, cut-off grade decisions are determined by the simultaneous optimization process, considering material variability and operating constraints while reducing the number of a-priori decisions to be made. This approach generates solutions that capitalize on the synergies between extraction sequencing, cut-off grade optimization, blending and processing while managing and quantifying risk in strategic plans, which ultimately leads to more metal production and higher net present values.
{"title":"Simultaneous stochastic optimization of an open pit gold mining complex with supply and market uncertainty","authors":"Ziad Saliba, R. Dimitrakopoulos","doi":"10.1080/25726668.2019.1626169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25726668.2019.1626169","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A mining complex can include multiple mines, stockpiles, waste dumps and processing facilities. Traditional optimization approaches are often based on sequential optimization of the various components in the mining complex leading to suboptimal solutions. They also do not account for uncertainty in critical inputs, resulting in misleading forecasts. This paper presents an application of a stochastic framework that simultaneously optimizes mining, destination and processing decisions for a multi-pit, multi-processor gold mining complex. The framework accounts for supply and market uncertainty via stochastic orebody and commodity price simulations as inputs to a unified optimization model. The case study notably assesses the impacts of integrating market uncertainty as input that influences all components of the production schedule. Additionally, cut-off grade decisions are determined by the simultaneous optimization process, considering material variability and operating constraints while reducing the number of a-priori decisions to be made. This approach generates solutions that capitalize on the synergies between extraction sequencing, cut-off grade optimization, blending and processing while managing and quantifying risk in strategic plans, which ultimately leads to more metal production and higher net present values.","PeriodicalId":44166,"journal":{"name":"Mining Technology-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"25 1","pages":"216 - 229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85069686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-07DOI: 10.1080/25726668.2018.1517204
F. Sengani, Tawanda Zvarivadza, A. Adoko
ABSTRACT Face perpendicular preconditioning is one of the mechanisms used in deep gold mines to transfer stress far ahead of the face on the development ends. Although face perpendicular pre-conditioning has been implemented in gold mines, rockbursts are still considered as the most problematic issue faced by deep gold mines. This paper investigates the effectiveness of face-perpendicular preconditioning that was developed for development ends in mechanized gold mines. The investigation comprised a comparison of four face and five face-perpendicular preconditioning holes in a deep gold mine. The results of the study indicated that five face-perpendicular preconditioning is more effective than four face-perpendicular preconditioning holes. The results were validated by adequate fracturing on the mining face, improvement of fracturing in the vicinity of the sockets and rapid decrease in the hangingwall fracturing. Ground Penetrating Radar, borehole periscope, seismic monitoring systems and numerical modelling were used to validate the effectiveness of the methods.
{"title":"Comparison of two adopted face perpendicular preconditioning techniques","authors":"F. Sengani, Tawanda Zvarivadza, A. Adoko","doi":"10.1080/25726668.2018.1517204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25726668.2018.1517204","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Face perpendicular preconditioning is one of the mechanisms used in deep gold mines to transfer stress far ahead of the face on the development ends. Although face perpendicular pre-conditioning has been implemented in gold mines, rockbursts are still considered as the most problematic issue faced by deep gold mines. This paper investigates the effectiveness of face-perpendicular preconditioning that was developed for development ends in mechanized gold mines. The investigation comprised a comparison of four face and five face-perpendicular preconditioning holes in a deep gold mine. The results of the study indicated that five face-perpendicular preconditioning is more effective than four face-perpendicular preconditioning holes. The results were validated by adequate fracturing on the mining face, improvement of fracturing in the vicinity of the sockets and rapid decrease in the hangingwall fracturing. Ground Penetrating Radar, borehole periscope, seismic monitoring systems and numerical modelling were used to validate the effectiveness of the methods.","PeriodicalId":44166,"journal":{"name":"Mining Technology-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"48 1","pages":"21 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2018-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76289548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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