Pub Date : 2019-06-19DOI: 10.1080/25726668.2019.1628462
S. Dominy, Louisa O’Connor, Saranchimeg Purevgerel
ABSTRACT When developing a process flowsheet, the risks in achieving positive financial outcomes are minimised by ensuring representative metallurgical samples and quality testwork. A case study is presented based on an underground gold operation, where poor metallurgical sampling led to grade and recovery underperformance. Sampling-related issues included: poor liaison between geologists and metallurgists; poor domaining; too few metallurgical samples collected and tested; unrepresentative sample composites and sub-samples; poor laboratory practice; and a lack of documentation and QAQC. These issues led to disruption over four years and are estimated to have cost around US$115M in lost revenue and US$7.5M in corrective expenditure. After an initial characterisation programme, a variability mini-bulk sampling and testwork phase was undertaken. This was followed by a pilot programme, progressing to trial mining and production. The paper emphasises the need for fit for purpose metallurgical sampling and testwork, and the early application of variability sampling.
{"title":"Importance of representative metallurgical sampling and testwork programmes to reduce project risk – a gold case study","authors":"S. Dominy, Louisa O’Connor, Saranchimeg Purevgerel","doi":"10.1080/25726668.2019.1628462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25726668.2019.1628462","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT When developing a process flowsheet, the risks in achieving positive financial outcomes are minimised by ensuring representative metallurgical samples and quality testwork. A case study is presented based on an underground gold operation, where poor metallurgical sampling led to grade and recovery underperformance. Sampling-related issues included: poor liaison between geologists and metallurgists; poor domaining; too few metallurgical samples collected and tested; unrepresentative sample composites and sub-samples; poor laboratory practice; and a lack of documentation and QAQC. These issues led to disruption over four years and are estimated to have cost around US$115M in lost revenue and US$7.5M in corrective expenditure. After an initial characterisation programme, a variability mini-bulk sampling and testwork phase was undertaken. This was followed by a pilot programme, progressing to trial mining and production. The paper emphasises the need for fit for purpose metallurgical sampling and testwork, and the early application of variability sampling.","PeriodicalId":44166,"journal":{"name":"Mining Technology-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"20 1","pages":"230 - 245"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83670199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-21DOI: 10.1080/25726668.2019.1616951
G. Bylapudi, A. Spearing, K. Mondal, A. Bhagwat
ABSTRACT Corrosion of roof bolts in underground mine environments could have an adverse impact on ground control, which is directly related to workforce safety. Past studies state that stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of roof bolts is a significant problem in underground coal mines, resulting in premature bolt failures. However, it has not been seriously studied in U.S. underground coal mines. As a preliminary study, the most common roof bolt material used in U.S. mines, ASTM A 615 Grade 60 steel, was studied under stress corrosion conditions. ASTM G30 standard was applied to achieve this and tested in the simulated coal mine conditions. SCC was observed on samples that were tested for 180 days. Chloride SCC (ClSCC) was found to be the corrosion mechanism resulting in cracks from the EDS data. This paper mainly discusses the test protocol, shortcomings of this preliminary testing and makes recommendations based on the observations and results.
矿井井下环境中顶板锚杆的腐蚀会对地面控制产生不利影响，直接关系到作业人员的安全。以往的研究表明，顶板锚杆的应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)是煤矿井下存在的一个重要问题，会导致锚杆过早失效。然而，美国的地下煤矿并没有对其进行认真的研究。作为初步研究，在应力腐蚀条件下研究了美国矿山中最常用的锚杆材料ASTM a 615 60级钢。为此采用ASTM G30标准，并在模拟煤矿条件下进行了试验。在测试180天的样品中观察到SCC。从EDS数据中发现氯化物SCC (ClSCC)是导致裂纹产生的腐蚀机制。本文主要讨论了试验方案、初步试验的不足，并根据观察结果提出了建议。
{"title":"Stress corrosion testing of roof bolt grade 60 steel in simulated underground coal mine atmosphere","authors":"G. Bylapudi, A. Spearing, K. Mondal, A. Bhagwat","doi":"10.1080/25726668.2019.1616951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25726668.2019.1616951","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Corrosion of roof bolts in underground mine environments could have an adverse impact on ground control, which is directly related to workforce safety. Past studies state that stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of roof bolts is a significant problem in underground coal mines, resulting in premature bolt failures. However, it has not been seriously studied in U.S. underground coal mines. As a preliminary study, the most common roof bolt material used in U.S. mines, ASTM A 615 Grade 60 steel, was studied under stress corrosion conditions. ASTM G30 standard was applied to achieve this and tested in the simulated coal mine conditions. SCC was observed on samples that were tested for 180 days. Chloride SCC (ClSCC) was found to be the corrosion mechanism resulting in cracks from the EDS data. This paper mainly discusses the test protocol, shortcomings of this preliminary testing and makes recommendations based on the observations and results.","PeriodicalId":44166,"journal":{"name":"Mining Technology-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"1 1","pages":"206 - 215"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82425489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-24DOI: 10.1080/25726668.2019.1607459
M. D. Bedford, D. Gibson, J. Coggan, K. Siever, Aleksander Wrana, Dagmara Sobczak, Olaya Álvarez, C. Satterley
ABSTRACT Inspecting abandoned mine shafts is critical in ensuring their safety through early identification of signs of deterioration. Since the common inspection methods of CCTV and LiDAR are not very effective underwater, two modules have been designed for inspecting the linings of flooded, abandoned mine shafts. Using sonar technology, they allow the early stages of degradation to the lining to be detected which – since this could be indicative of imminent collapse – provides protection against the consequential risk to property and human life. Detailed measurements of several shafts’ cross-sections have been recorded using profiling and imaging sonar technology. Although imaging sonar provides very different results in the confined and reverberant environment of a mine shaft, compared to its more common environment of a seabed, it was shown that when combined with the profiling sonar, it allows shafts to be surveyed in a shorter period of time and improves the reliability of the profiling function.
{"title":"Ultrasonic inspection of flooded mineshafts for stability monitoring","authors":"M. D. Bedford, D. Gibson, J. Coggan, K. Siever, Aleksander Wrana, Dagmara Sobczak, Olaya Álvarez, C. Satterley","doi":"10.1080/25726668.2019.1607459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25726668.2019.1607459","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Inspecting abandoned mine shafts is critical in ensuring their safety through early identification of signs of deterioration. Since the common inspection methods of CCTV and LiDAR are not very effective underwater, two modules have been designed for inspecting the linings of flooded, abandoned mine shafts. Using sonar technology, they allow the early stages of degradation to the lining to be detected which – since this could be indicative of imminent collapse – provides protection against the consequential risk to property and human life. Detailed measurements of several shafts’ cross-sections have been recorded using profiling and imaging sonar technology. Although imaging sonar provides very different results in the confined and reverberant environment of a mine shaft, compared to its more common environment of a seabed, it was shown that when combined with the profiling sonar, it allows shafts to be surveyed in a shorter period of time and improves the reliability of the profiling function.","PeriodicalId":44166,"journal":{"name":"Mining Technology-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"37 1","pages":"177 - 185"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73566397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-22DOI: 10.1080/25726668.2019.1603920
Jie Hou, Chaoshui Xu, P. Dowd, Guoqing Li
ABSTRACT For underground mines, two major designs that need to be optimised are the stope boundary and the access layout. The optimisation of these two components cannot be done independently as ore extracted from stopes is transported to the surface via the access network. Different stope locations result in different associated access development costs. This paper describes a proposed integrated optimisation model to optimise stope and access layouts simultaneously. The interactions and interdependency between stopes and access are ensured by a dynamic access development cost analysis based on recursive computations. Mixed integer non-linear programming is used to maximise the overall economic value subject to the constraints of generating optimal stopes and access layout, which is solved by a Genetic Algorithm modified for computational efficiency. A stratiform gold deposit is used as a case study to demonstrate that the new approach can provide a more profitable solution compared with traditional approaches.
{"title":"Integrated optimisation of stope boundary and access layout for underground mining operations","authors":"Jie Hou, Chaoshui Xu, P. Dowd, Guoqing Li","doi":"10.1080/25726668.2019.1603920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25726668.2019.1603920","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT For underground mines, two major designs that need to be optimised are the stope boundary and the access layout. The optimisation of these two components cannot be done independently as ore extracted from stopes is transported to the surface via the access network. Different stope locations result in different associated access development costs. This paper describes a proposed integrated optimisation model to optimise stope and access layouts simultaneously. The interactions and interdependency between stopes and access are ensured by a dynamic access development cost analysis based on recursive computations. Mixed integer non-linear programming is used to maximise the overall economic value subject to the constraints of generating optimal stopes and access layout, which is solved by a Genetic Algorithm modified for computational efficiency. A stratiform gold deposit is used as a case study to demonstrate that the new approach can provide a more profitable solution compared with traditional approaches.","PeriodicalId":44166,"journal":{"name":"Mining Technology-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"20 4 1","pages":"193 - 205"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82905935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-09DOI: 10.36487/ACG_REP/1905_0.1_HADJIGEORGIOU
J. Hadjigeorgiou
ABSTRACT Understanding, managing and communicating geomechanical mining risk is critical in supporting decisions at all levels of a mining company. This paper addresses how different risk analysis tools and procedures can be used effectively and brings attention to the limitations of some of the most popular tools. A strong case is made for a critical assessment of the effectiveness of risk-management tools. Finally, the paper discusses the challenges of understanding and communicating geomechanical mining risk, given the asymmetry of knowledge and information by decision-makers in mining companies.
{"title":"Understanding, managing and communicating geomechanical mining risk","authors":"J. Hadjigeorgiou","doi":"10.36487/ACG_REP/1905_0.1_HADJIGEORGIOU","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36487/ACG_REP/1905_0.1_HADJIGEORGIOU","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Understanding, managing and communicating geomechanical mining risk is critical in supporting decisions at all levels of a mining company. This paper addresses how different risk analysis tools and procedures can be used effectively and brings attention to the limitations of some of the most popular tools. A strong case is made for a critical assessment of the effectiveness of risk-management tools. Finally, the paper discusses the challenges of understanding and communicating geomechanical mining risk, given the asymmetry of knowledge and information by decision-makers in mining companies.","PeriodicalId":44166,"journal":{"name":"Mining Technology-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"6 1","pages":"159 - 173"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76941626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-27DOI: 10.1080/25726668.2019.1596425
M. Tabesh, H. Askari-Nasab
ABSTRACT A major trend in mine production planning research is incorporating geological uncertainty in the processes of planning. Many mathematical models and heuristic approaches are proposed to deal with the uncertainty. Although there have been advances in exact methods to solve simpler instances of the mine production scheduling problem more complex instances of the model, especially when incorporating uncertainty, remain intractable and aggregation of blocks can help to decrease solution times. In this paper, we present four variations of the agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm, one based on deterministic estimates of properties and three based on possible worlds approach which use Geostatistical realizations to form aggregates with regard to the geological properties and the existing uncertainties. We show, through case studies, that uncertainty-based algorithms can result in aggregates that are less susceptible to uncertainties, and at the same time, the proposed algorithm can produce aggregates that are within a controlled size and have minable shapes.
{"title":"Clustering mining blocks in presence of geological uncertainty","authors":"M. Tabesh, H. Askari-Nasab","doi":"10.1080/25726668.2019.1596425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25726668.2019.1596425","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A major trend in mine production planning research is incorporating geological uncertainty in the processes of planning. Many mathematical models and heuristic approaches are proposed to deal with the uncertainty. Although there have been advances in exact methods to solve simpler instances of the mine production scheduling problem more complex instances of the model, especially when incorporating uncertainty, remain intractable and aggregation of blocks can help to decrease solution times. In this paper, we present four variations of the agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm, one based on deterministic estimates of properties and three based on possible worlds approach which use Geostatistical realizations to form aggregates with regard to the geological properties and the existing uncertainties. We show, through case studies, that uncertainty-based algorithms can result in aggregates that are less susceptible to uncertainties, and at the same time, the proposed algorithm can produce aggregates that are within a controlled size and have minable shapes.","PeriodicalId":44166,"journal":{"name":"Mining Technology-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"8 1","pages":"162 - 176"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82689568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-11DOI: 10.1080/25726668.2019.1586371
Gurmeet Shekhar, A. Gustafson, Anders Hersinger, K. Jonsson, H. Schunnesson
ABSTRACT This paper presents an economic model for optimizing loading at the draw point in sublevel caving (SLC) operations. The input data consist of estimated bucket grades based on bucket weights from Load Haul Dump machines. This information, together with average operational mining costs, was used to create an economic model providing a real-time economic assessment of the draw point performance for SLC rings. The results demonstrate the importance of continuous draw point monitoring to optimize SLC operations. The proposed model provides an economic assessment of operating draw points and will help mine personnel to decide when to stop loading from a blasted ring. It can also help mine management understand the complexity of material flow in SLC operations. Finally, it provides operational flexibility for the mine to optimize loading at the draw point by increasing ore recovery while maintaining operational control of draw point performance.
{"title":"Development of a model for economic control of loading in sublevel caving mines","authors":"Gurmeet Shekhar, A. Gustafson, Anders Hersinger, K. Jonsson, H. Schunnesson","doi":"10.1080/25726668.2019.1586371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25726668.2019.1586371","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper presents an economic model for optimizing loading at the draw point in sublevel caving (SLC) operations. The input data consist of estimated bucket grades based on bucket weights from Load Haul Dump machines. This information, together with average operational mining costs, was used to create an economic model providing a real-time economic assessment of the draw point performance for SLC rings. The results demonstrate the importance of continuous draw point monitoring to optimize SLC operations. The proposed model provides an economic assessment of operating draw points and will help mine personnel to decide when to stop loading from a blasted ring. It can also help mine management understand the complexity of material flow in SLC operations. Finally, it provides operational flexibility for the mine to optimize loading at the draw point by increasing ore recovery while maintaining operational control of draw point performance.","PeriodicalId":44166,"journal":{"name":"Mining Technology-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"39 1","pages":"118 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76211232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.1080/25726668.2019.1583843
Y. V. Vasylchuk, C. Deutsch
ABSTRACT An optimization algorithm has been developed to model blast-induced displacement of rock in 3-D using gridded pre- and post-blast topography and direct blast movement measurements. The blast movement problem is expressed as an optimization assignment problem. The optimization assignment problem is solved by a heuristic algorithm offering an approximate solution in a reasonable time. The objective function and optimization details are explained. An example demonstrates the steps required to model blast movement. A realistic blast movement model improves grade control by allowing better positioning of dig lines and more correct determination of the correct destination for mined rock. The algorithm is suitable for mapping pre-blast grades, categories, expected profit, or other information onto the post-blast configuration of the muckpile.
{"title":"Approximate blast movement modelling for improved grade control","authors":"Y. V. Vasylchuk, C. Deutsch","doi":"10.1080/25726668.2019.1583843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25726668.2019.1583843","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT An optimization algorithm has been developed to model blast-induced displacement of rock in 3-D using gridded pre- and post-blast topography and direct blast movement measurements. The blast movement problem is expressed as an optimization assignment problem. The optimization assignment problem is solved by a heuristic algorithm offering an approximate solution in a reasonable time. The objective function and optimization details are explained. An example demonstrates the steps required to model blast movement. A realistic blast movement model improves grade control by allowing better positioning of dig lines and more correct determination of the correct destination for mined rock. The algorithm is suitable for mapping pre-blast grades, categories, expected profit, or other information onto the post-blast configuration of the muckpile.","PeriodicalId":44166,"journal":{"name":"Mining Technology-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"15 1","pages":"152 - 161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80253774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.1080/25726668.2019.1583458
R. Seedsman
ABSTRACT When the displacement at the roof line is greater than about 40 mm, extensometry in the immediate roof of coal mine roadways reveals similar displacement patterns. The deformation within the roof can be characterised by a linear bulking factor in the order of 1–3%. It is suggested that this bulking can be interpreted to be the result of the volume increase after brittle failure. Bulking factors increase with the height of brittle failure and this may be related to the greater horizontal closure to which the failed material is exposed. Displacement triggers used to manage the stability of the roadways can be related to the onset of brittle failure. Modelling of the straining of a jointed bedded rock mass suggests the development of localised shear and dilational deformations of up to 90 mm which could cause the failure of fully grouted cables.
{"title":"Interpreting roof extensometry in coal mine roofs","authors":"R. Seedsman","doi":"10.1080/25726668.2019.1583458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25726668.2019.1583458","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT When the displacement at the roof line is greater than about 40 mm, extensometry in the immediate roof of coal mine roadways reveals similar displacement patterns. The deformation within the roof can be characterised by a linear bulking factor in the order of 1–3%. It is suggested that this bulking can be interpreted to be the result of the volume increase after brittle failure. Bulking factors increase with the height of brittle failure and this may be related to the greater horizontal closure to which the failed material is exposed. Displacement triggers used to manage the stability of the roadways can be related to the onset of brittle failure. Modelling of the straining of a jointed bedded rock mass suggests the development of localised shear and dilational deformations of up to 90 mm which could cause the failure of fully grouted cables.","PeriodicalId":44166,"journal":{"name":"Mining Technology-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"14 1","pages":"143 - 151"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85923749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-11DOI: 10.1080/25726668.2019.1577062
Jarrad Coffey, H. Nikraz, C. Leek
ABSTRACT Mine haul road pavements are often designed with informal methods. This approach means the energy consumption in haulage is not quantified and so pavement operating costs are not able to be defined. The energy consumption of haul trucks operating on unbound and cementitiously modified haul road pavement basecourse and wearing courses were estimated with variable traffic, climate and maintenance inputs. Energy consumption estimates showed that significant benefits may arise through the use of superior gravels that contain a suitable fines content with low to medium plasticity in the pavement wearing course. Similarly, it was shown that the pavement structural class significantly impacts haul truck energy consumption. Structural class is determined by pavement design and may be improved by increasing the pavement depth or utilizing stiffer materials. Estimating the energy consumption of haul trucks as part of the pavement design process would allow optimization of capital and operating costs over the life of a haul road.
{"title":"Energy consumption in mine haulage due to road pavement performance","authors":"Jarrad Coffey, H. Nikraz, C. Leek","doi":"10.1080/25726668.2019.1577062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25726668.2019.1577062","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Mine haul road pavements are often designed with informal methods. This approach means the energy consumption in haulage is not quantified and so pavement operating costs are not able to be defined. The energy consumption of haul trucks operating on unbound and cementitiously modified haul road pavement basecourse and wearing courses were estimated with variable traffic, climate and maintenance inputs. Energy consumption estimates showed that significant benefits may arise through the use of superior gravels that contain a suitable fines content with low to medium plasticity in the pavement wearing course. Similarly, it was shown that the pavement structural class significantly impacts haul truck energy consumption. Structural class is determined by pavement design and may be improved by increasing the pavement depth or utilizing stiffer materials. Estimating the energy consumption of haul trucks as part of the pavement design process would allow optimization of capital and operating costs over the life of a haul road.","PeriodicalId":44166,"journal":{"name":"Mining Technology-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"139 1","pages":"106 - 117"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78520210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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