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Safe exploitation of developed pillars of a coal seam above fire affected areas – a case study 火灾影响区上方煤层发达矿柱的安全开采——以某煤矿为例
IF 1.1 Q3 MINING & MINERAL PROCESSING Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/25726668.2020.1834972
P. Pal Roy, C. Sawmliana, A. Prakash, R. Singh
ABSTRACT It was an extremely challenging task from the safety standpoint to exploit the developed coal pillars in No. 15 top and bottom seams at the Tata Steel Ltd Sijua Colliery by deep-hole opencast blasting above fire affected areas in No. 13 seam and No. 14 seam and a depillaring panel in No. 10 seam. The danger was that the depillaring operations in No. 10 seam could cause subsidence on the floor of the opencast workings and that the ground vibrations generated due to opencast blasting could destabilize the underground fire areas and cause structural damage to isolation stoppings in No. 13 and 14 seams. The scientific approach proposed by the authors may make it possible to extract the locked-up coal without jeopardizing the safety of the fire affected and depillared panels.
塔塔钢铁司华煤矿在13号煤层和14号煤层的火灾影响区及10号煤层的脱柱盘上采用深孔露天爆破开采已开发的15号煤层顶底煤柱,从安全角度来看是一项极具挑战性的任务。危险在于,10号煤层的脱柱作业可能会导致露天矿的底板下沉,而露天矿爆破产生的地面振动可能会破坏地下火区的稳定,并对13号和14号煤层的隔离采场造成结构破坏。作者提出的科学方法可以在不危及受火灾影响和脱煤板安全的情况下提取被锁煤。
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引用次数: 1
Low-cost leaky feeder communication for mines rescue 矿井救援低成本漏电馈线通信
IF 1.1 Q3 MINING & MINERAL PROCESSING Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/25726668.2020.1838110
M. D. Bedford, Angel J. A. Rodríguez López, P. Foster
ABSTRACT A low-cost, low-weight leaky feeder system is proposed for mines rescue communication for use when the mine’s permanent communication infrastructure has been compromised by an incident. Unlike the leaky feeders that are permanently installed in some transport tunnels and mines, which are very expensive, bulky and heavy, the system described here relies on the fact that some ordinary coaxial cables leak signal unintentionally. Experimental evaluation of the two main types of low-cost coaxial cable identified a suitable cable and an optimal frequency of 27 MHz. Longer range tests characterised the real world underground performance of a system. A range of around a kilometre is achievable but this could be increased substantially by using in-line amplifiers. In comparison to low-frequency guidewire systems that have previously been produced for mines rescue use, the method outlined here does not force rescuers to clip handsets to the cable, thereby allowing them much more freedom of movement.
摘要提出了一种低成本、低重量的矿井救援通信漏电馈线系统,用于矿井永久性通信基础设施受到事故破坏的情况下。与一些运输隧道和矿井中永久安装的泄漏馈线不同,这些馈线既昂贵又笨重,这里描述的系统依赖于一些普通同轴电缆无意中泄漏信号的事实。对两种主要的低成本同轴电缆进行了实验评估,确定了合适的电缆和27mhz的最佳频率。较长距离的测试描述了系统在真实世界中的地下性能。大约一公里的范围是可以实现的,但这可以通过使用在线放大器大幅增加。与以前为矿山救援使用而生产的低频导丝系统相比,这里概述的方法不强迫救援人员将手机夹在电缆上,从而使他们的行动更加自由。
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引用次数: 3
Value chain excellence – managing variability to stabilise and exploit the mine value chain 价值链卓越-管理可变性,以稳定和利用矿山价值链
IF 1.1 Q3 MINING & MINERAL PROCESSING Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/25726668.2020.1818029
M. Bloss, G. Capes, Russell Seib, Liam V. Alford, Jack L. Light, I. Minniakhmetov, C. Nielsen
ABSTRACT Mining occurs in highly variable, spatially dynamic environments. Existing methods of planning and operations management are insufficient to adequately account for variability. Managing variability within the value chain aims to maximise business value. This paper presents a methodology for managing variability. This includes: assessing the impact of variability on a deterministic mine schedule; applying guiding principles based on Theory of Constraints to stabilise and exploit the value chain; developing a risk approach to minimise costs of plan delivery; and establishing tools for critical path planning, reconciling performance against plan and establishing corrective actions to deliver plan outcomes. A case study is presented from the Olympic Dam mine. Conclusions include: operations contain significant variability that if not managed will fail to deliver the mine plan; the proposed methodology can be applied to reduce variability and robustly deliver the best-value mine plan; and this methodology has broad application across the mining industry.
采矿发生在高度可变的空间动态环境中。现有的规划和业务管理方法不足以充分考虑到可变性。管理价值链中的可变性旨在最大化业务价值。本文提出了一种管理可变性的方法。这包括:评估变异性对确定的采矿时间表的影响;运用基于约束理论的指导原则来稳定和开发价值链;制定风险管理方法,以尽量减少计划交付的成本;为关键路径规划建立工具,根据计划协调绩效,并建立纠正措施以交付计划结果。以奥林匹克坝煤矿为例进行了分析。结论包括:作业有很大的可变性,如果不加以管理,将无法执行地雷计划;所提出的方法可用于减少可变性和鲁棒性提供最优价值的矿山计划;这种方法在整个采矿业都有广泛的应用。
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引用次数: 1
A virtual monitoring method of operation conditions for mining and transporting equipment based on real-time data 一种基于实时数据的采运设备工况虚拟监测方法
IF 1.1 Q3 MINING & MINERAL PROCESSING Pub Date : 2020-08-03 DOI: 10.1080/25726668.2020.1798085
Xiubo Jiao, Xin Zhang, Jiacheng Xie, Tao Cui, Binbin Wang, Hongda Shen
ABSTRACT This paper presents a virtual monitoring method of operation conditions. The mathematical calculation model of a shearer and a scraper conveyor was established. Based on the model and the real-time motion trajectory of the shearer, measuring the pitch angles of 4–6 middle troughs as a priori information, the pitch angle of the next section could be calculated by rolling, thus the shape of a scraper conveyor was obtained. The method was programmed into the bottom layer of the Unity3D software. A real-time display and updating of virtual images were realised with data visualisation driving technology. The method was verified experimentally, with the results producing an error between the calculated and actual layout forms of the scraper conveyor of less than 15 mm. The actual operation state of the equipment remains synchronised in real time with the equipment in the virtual monitoring screen. Importantly, the detection accuracy satisfies the practical requirements.
本文提出了一种运行工况虚拟监测方法。建立了采煤机和刮板输送机的数学计算模型。基于该模型和采煤机的实时运动轨迹,测量4-6个中间槽的俯仰角作为先验信息,通过滚动计算下一段的俯仰角,从而得到刮板输送机的形状。将该方法编程到Unity3D软件的底层。利用数据可视化驱动技术实现了虚拟图像的实时显示和更新。通过实验验证了该方法的正确性,计算结果与实际刮板输送机布置形式的误差小于15 mm。在虚拟监控画面中,设备的实际运行状态与设备保持实时同步。重要的是,检测精度满足实际要求。
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引用次数: 1
Corrosion properties of ASTM A615 rock bolt steel in US underground coal mines 美国地下煤矿用ASTM A615锚杆钢的腐蚀性能
IF 1.1 Q3 MINING & MINERAL PROCESSING Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/25726668.2020.1788843
G. Bylapudi, K. Mondal, A. Spearing, A. Bhagwat
ABSTRACT Corrosion of rock bolts is a relatively slow process yet a potential problem for the underground mining industry. Mine groundwater in the strata through natural or mining-induced cracks together with the humid environment in the mine openings interact with the roof support systems often resulting in corrosion. Electrochemical studies of the commonly used rock bolt steel in the coal mining environments will lead to a better understanding of the material’s performance and their ability to resist corrosion. The influence of pH, solution resistivity, total dissolved solids, and aggressive ions on the electrochemical properties of rock bolt steel are discussed. This preliminary study focuses on understanding the corrosion potential, polarization resistance, and corrosion rates of the rock bolt steel that is most commonly used in US underground coal mines. Based on the findings, it was observed that the polarization resistance (Rp) is inversely proportional to the corrosion rate (CR) over time.
锚杆腐蚀是一个相对缓慢的过程,但对地下采矿业来说却是一个潜在的问题。矿井地下水通过自然或采动裂隙进入地层,再加上井口内的潮湿环境与顶板支护系统相互作用,往往造成腐蚀。对煤矿环境中常用的锚杆钢进行电化学研究,将有助于更好地了解该材料的性能和抗腐蚀能力。讨论了pH、溶液电阻率、总溶解固形物和侵蚀性离子对锚杆钢电化学性能的影响。这项初步研究的重点是了解美国地下煤矿最常用的锚杆钢的腐蚀电位、抗极化能力和腐蚀速率。结果表明,随着时间的推移,极化电阻(Rp)与腐蚀速率(CR)成反比。
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引用次数: 1
Influence of rock blast advance direction on boulder generation: a case study 岩爆推进方向对成石影响的实例研究
IF 1.1 Q3 MINING & MINERAL PROCESSING Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/25726668.2020.1788885
Osvail André Quaglio, José Margarida da Silva, E. C. Rodovalho, A. O. B. Franco-Magalhães, Thaís Gontijo Pereira
ABSTRACT In quarries, rock blasting is important for mining and transportation, being the first step in the comminution. Discontinuities present in a rock mass can interrupt the propagation of the shock wave and evacuate gases, thereby reducing the efficiency of the explosives. Differences in the orientation of joint sets and the advancing direction of the mine produce different fragmentation results. In this study, the blastability of a rock mass was evaluated as a function of mining advance direction relative to the direction of the main joint set using particle size curves generated by photo-analysis. The data were analysed for each bench, and the optimal direction of advance was determined as the one to generate the smallest boulders. The particle size curves reveal optimal fragmentation when the mining direction is orthogonal to the main joint set, reducing the number of boulders by 64.40%.
在采石场,岩石爆破是采矿和运输的重要环节,是粉碎的第一步。岩体中存在的不连续面会中断冲击波的传播并使气体排出,从而降低炸药的效率。节理组的朝向和矿井推进方向的不同,产生了不同的破碎效果。在本研究中,利用光分析生成的粒度曲线,评价了岩体的可爆性作为采矿推进方向相对于主节理集方向的函数。对每个台阶的数据进行了分析,并确定了最佳的推进方向,以产生最小的巨石。当采动方向与主节理集正交时,粒度曲线显示出最佳破碎性,减少了64.40%的抱石数量。
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引用次数: 0
Transformation of the Australian mining industry and future prospects 澳大利亚矿业转型及未来展望
IF 1.1 Q3 MINING & MINERAL PROCESSING Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/25726668.2020.1786298
H. Jang, E. Topal
ABSTRACT The rapid industrialization in recent decades has enormously increased demands for energy and mineral resources. At the same time, economically viable resources near the surface have been nearly depleted, and the mining industry is facing new challenges of processing low-grade ore, increasing depth, climate changes, and rigorous social and environmental constraints. Furthermore, accountability for major social and sustainable development problems in the mining sector has imposed a further economic burden on mining companies. These challenges in the mining industry can be solved through technical improvements and the optimization of the entire mining value chain using advanced information and communication technologies (ICTs) and automation techniques. This paper presents future prospects of the mining industry by reviewing the sustainable development in mining, the global trend of mining innovations and initiatives of major mining companies, and some new mining technologies in Australia. Furthermore, future prospects and blueprints of the mining industry are suggested.
近几十年来,工业化的快速发展极大地增加了对能源和矿产资源的需求。与此同时,地表附近经济上可行的资源已经接近枯竭,采矿业面临着加工低品位矿石、深度增加、气候变化以及严格的社会和环境约束的新挑战。此外,采矿部门的重大社会和可持续发展问题的责任对采矿公司造成了进一步的经济负担。采矿业的这些挑战可以通过技术改进和利用先进的信息和通信技术(ict)和自动化技术优化整个采矿业价值链来解决。本文通过回顾矿业的可持续发展、全球矿业创新趋势和主要矿业公司的举措以及澳大利亚的一些新矿业技术,对矿业的未来前景进行了展望。此外,还提出了采矿业的未来展望和发展蓝图。
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引用次数: 17
A hybrid paretosearch algorithm and goal attainment method for maximizing production and reducing blast-induced ground vibration: a blast design parameter selection approach 一种产量最大化和减少爆破诱发地面振动的混合paretosearch算法和目标实现方法:一种爆破设计参数选择方法
IF 1.1 Q3 MINING & MINERAL PROCESSING Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/25726668.2020.1790262
Clement Kweku Arthur, R. Kaunda
ABSTRACT This study uses a hybrid paretosearch algorithm and goal attainment method to determine blast design parameters that will maximize production (total blasted volume) and minimize blast-induced ground vibration. Fifty-five (51) blast data collected at Quarry X in the Western US are used. A nonlinear and linear regression models are developed to serve as the objective function for the minimization of blast-induced ground vibration and maximization of production respectively. The blast design parameters are then determined using the hybrid optimization technique. The results obtained show that hole depths of 11.58 m, burden of 4.24 m, spacing of 4.88 m and stemming length of 3.61 m are the blast design parameter values that produce a minimum PPV within the interval of 0.51 and 38.1 mm/sec as stated in the Explosive regulation by the Colorado State Division of Oil and Public Safety for a total blast volume greater than 16,622 m3.
本研究使用混合paretosearch算法和目标实现方法来确定爆破设计参数,以最大限度地提高产量(总爆破量)并最大限度地减少爆炸引起的地面振动。使用了在美国西部采石场X收集的55(51)个爆炸数据。建立了非线性回归模型和线性回归模型,分别作为爆破诱发地面振动最小化和生产最大化的目标函数。然后利用混合优化技术确定了爆破设计参数。结果表明,当总爆破量大于16622 m3时,在0.51 ~ 38.1 mm/sec范围内,孔深11.58 m、炉料4.24 m、间距4.88 m、堵管长度3.61 m是产生最小PPV的爆破设计参数值。
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引用次数: 1
Development of an optimal draw control strategy for a sublevel caving operation at Malmberget mine Malmberget矿分段崩落开采最优放煤控制策略的开发
IF 1.1 Q3 MINING & MINERAL PROCESSING Pub Date : 2020-04-02 DOI: 10.1080/25726668.2020.1775432
Gurmeet Shekhar, A. Gustafson, K. Jonsson, J. Martinsson, H. Schunnesson
ABSTRACT This paper addresses the identification of the optimal draw control strategy for a sublevel caving (SLC) operation at Malmberget mine in Sweden. Two mathematical models, a probability model and an economic model, were created using five datasets: bucket weights, bucket grades, extraction ratio, mine economics parameters and production constraints. The probability model was used to generate a set of simulated bucket weights and corresponding bucket grades which acts as a ‘virtual mine’ environment. The economic model assesses the economic impact of loading at the draw point. Two approaches to draw control were tested using the ‘virtual mine’ created by the probability model. Based on the results of the simulation tests, an optimal draw control strategy is suggested for a field test at the mine. The new draw control strategy optimises further the loading operation at Malmberget mine. The paper shows a roadmap for optimising draw control strategy for SLC operations.
摘要本文研究了瑞典Malmberget矿分段崩落法(SLC)开采过程中最优抽采控制策略的确定。利用桶重、桶级、开采比、矿山经济参数和生产约束等5个数据集,建立了概率模型和经济模型。利用概率模型生成一组模拟的桶重和相应的桶等级,作为“虚拟矿山”环境。经济模型评估了在牵引点加载的经济影响。利用概率模型建立的“虚拟地雷”,对两种绘制控制方法进行了测试。在模拟试验结果的基础上,提出了矿井现场试验的最优抽采控制策略。新的抽采控制策略进一步优化了Malmberget矿的装载作业。本文给出了一个优化SLC作业的绘图控制策略的路线图。
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引用次数: 0
A comprehensive skills catalogue for the raw materials sector and the structure of raw materials education worldwide 全面的原材料行业技能目录和全球原材料教育结构
IF 1.1 Q3 MINING & MINERAL PROCESSING Pub Date : 2020-04-02 DOI: 10.1080/25726668.2020.1770406
P. Hartlieb, Luis Jordá Bordehore, Manuel Regueiro y González-Barros, Vítor Correia, J. Vidovič
ABSTRACT The raw materials sector is undergoing significant structural changes. Skills required by emerging technologies and ever more challenging mineral deposits are changing quicker than todays’ workforce can update them. Education mainly focusses on “classical” raw materials related topics (geology, mining and mineral processing), whereas there are deficiencies in emerging and non-technical skills like communication and management. There is a strong need for both sides to understand the necessities and constraints of the respective other partner in this business. This paper generates a knowledge base for future analysis of raw materials education, identifying currently taught skills and the structure of higher education. A definition of skills, knowledge and teaching areas is presented, leading to a comprehensive “skills catalogue”. It builds the basis for an inventory of raw materials education worldwide.
原材料行业正在经历重大的结构性变化。新兴技术和更具挑战性的矿藏所要求的技能变化速度之快,超过了当今劳动力的更新能力。教育主要集中在“经典”的原材料相关主题(地质、采矿和矿物加工),而在沟通和管理等新兴和非技术技能方面存在不足。双方都非常需要了解在这项业务中各自的其他合作伙伴的需求和限制。本文生成了一个知识库,用于未来分析原材料教育,识别当前教授的技能和高等教育的结构。提出了技能、知识和教学领域的定义,从而形成了一个全面的“技能目录”。它建立了全球教育原材料清单的基础。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
Mining Technology-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy
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