Pub Date : 2021-05-27DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1984-6
Xiaodong Liu, Xiangyan Zhou
{"title":"Researching Cognitive Processes of Translation","authors":"Xiaodong Liu, Xiangyan Zhou","doi":"10.1007/978-981-13-1984-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1984-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44202,"journal":{"name":"Across Languages and Cultures","volume":"22 1","pages":"129-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/978-981-13-1984-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44989896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Applying factor analysis on survey data, this paper develops a concise scale of translation service provision self-efficacy aimed for diagnosing learning needs and assessing progress in pedagogical translation company simulations. First, a model of translation service provision activities based on the translation service provision standard ISO 17100 and a business process model of translation service is constructed and operationalized as a draft scale. The draft scale is then tested in an international survey (n = 380) conducted in connection with translation company simulation courses in university-level translator education. Exploratory factor analysis is used to identify dimensions and adequate items for a concise scale that comprises two four-item subscales: a project management self-efficacy subscale and a translation-production self-efficacy subscale. The scale is validated through confirmatory factor analysis. It is expected to be useful as a light-weight measurement instrument for frequent testing or as a compact part of more extensive scales.
{"title":"A self-efficacy scale for measuring student progress in translation company simulations","authors":"Kalle Konttinen","doi":"10.1556/084.2021.00004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/084.2021.00004","url":null,"abstract":"Applying factor analysis on survey data, this paper develops a concise scale of translation service provision self-efficacy aimed for diagnosing learning needs and assessing progress in pedagogical translation company simulations. First, a model of translation service provision activities based on the translation service provision standard ISO 17100 and a business process model of translation service is constructed and operationalized as a draft scale. The draft scale is then tested in an international survey (n = 380) conducted in connection with translation company simulation courses in university-level translator education. Exploratory factor analysis is used to identify dimensions and adequate items for a concise scale that comprises two four-item subscales: a project management self-efficacy subscale and a translation-production self-efficacy subscale. The scale is validated through confirmatory factor analysis. It is expected to be useful as a light-weight measurement instrument for frequent testing or as a compact part of more extensive scales.","PeriodicalId":44202,"journal":{"name":"Across Languages and Cultures","volume":"22 1","pages":"64-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44570282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaolu Guo’s A Concise Chinese-English Dictionary for Lovers is a novel in which language has a special protagonism. The main character, Z, is a Chinese girl who goes to London to improve her basic English. Her idiolect is thus characterised by a great quantity of linguistic errors of different types. This lack of proficiency in English makes cross-cultural communication really difficult. Therefore, language becomes in this novel not only a characterisation tool, but also an essential aspect of the plot. Moreover, it is also a paramount source of humour, since there is plenty of jokes based, for instance, on puns, many of which derive from Z’s lack of linguistic competence. The main objective of this paper is to analyse language representation in the source text as well as in the Spanish, Italian and French versions of the novel from the perspective of relevance theory. Out of the three versions, the Spanish one reflects the highest interpretive resemblance in this regard, whereas the Italian one occupies the opposite pole of the scale. With regard to the translation of wordplay, the pragmatic scenario is normally maintained in the TT, although there are statistically significant differences between the three versions and across different types of puns.
{"title":"Language representation in the Spanish, Italian and French versions of Xiaolu Guo’s A Concise Chinese-English Dictionary for Lovers: On the translation of ungrammatical idiolect and language-based jokes","authors":"F. J. Díaz-Pérez","doi":"10.1556/084.2021.00005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/084.2021.00005","url":null,"abstract":"Xiaolu Guo’s A Concise Chinese-English Dictionary for Lovers is a novel in which language has a special protagonism. The main character, Z, is a Chinese girl who goes to London to improve her basic English. Her idiolect is thus characterised by a great quantity of linguistic errors of different types. This lack of proficiency in English makes cross-cultural communication really difficult. Therefore, language becomes in this novel not only a characterisation tool, but also an essential aspect of the plot. Moreover, it is also a paramount source of humour, since there is plenty of jokes based, for instance, on puns, many of which derive from Z’s lack of linguistic competence. The main objective of this paper is to analyse language representation in the source text as well as in the Spanish, Italian and French versions of the novel from the perspective of relevance theory. Out of the three versions, the Spanish one reflects the highest interpretive resemblance in this regard, whereas the Italian one occupies the opposite pole of the scale. With regard to the translation of wordplay, the pragmatic scenario is normally maintained in the TT, although there are statistically significant differences between the three versions and across different types of puns.","PeriodicalId":44202,"journal":{"name":"Across Languages and Cultures","volume":"22 1","pages":"82-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47198968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Current translation studies do not present a clear distinction between ‘translationese’ and ‘interlanguage’, giving rise to conceptual and terminology confusion. To disentangle these two concepts, we start with a relatively conservative working definition of translationese, then find it necessary to first differentiate between direct and inverse translations, according to whether the translator's L1 equals to TL or not. Taking Zhuangzi (a Daoist classic) as a case, we made both inter- and intra-speaker comparisons among Lin Yu-tang's inverse translation, James Legge's direct translation, and the two translators' creative works in English, with well-established language complexity metrics and quantitative methods. Results show that: (1) Inverse and direct translations are remarkably different in terms of complexity; (2) Inverse translation demonstrates both features of interlanguage and translationese, with the former mostly at lexical level and the latter at syntactic level; (3) Similar patterns are also discovered in Lin's other inverse translated works, suggesting our quantitative comparative method proposed may be reliable to some extent. Such results support our proposal that translationese and interlanguage should and can be differentiated for both theoretical and practical purposes.
{"title":"Translationese and interlanguage in inverse translation: A case study","authors":"M. Yue, Boyang Sun","doi":"10.1556/084.2021.00003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/084.2021.00003","url":null,"abstract":"Current translation studies do not present a clear distinction between ‘translationese’ and ‘interlanguage’, giving rise to conceptual and terminology confusion. To disentangle these two concepts, we start with a relatively conservative working definition of translationese, then find it necessary to first differentiate between direct and inverse translations, according to whether the translator's L1 equals to TL or not. Taking Zhuangzi (a Daoist classic) as a case, we made both inter- and intra-speaker comparisons among Lin Yu-tang's inverse translation, James Legge's direct translation, and the two translators' creative works in English, with well-established language complexity metrics and quantitative methods. Results show that: (1) Inverse and direct translations are remarkably different in terms of complexity; (2) Inverse translation demonstrates both features of interlanguage and translationese, with the former mostly at lexical level and the latter at syntactic level; (3) Similar patterns are also discovered in Lin's other inverse translated works, suggesting our quantitative comparative method proposed may be reliable to some extent. Such results support our proposal that translationese and interlanguage should and can be differentiated for both theoretical and practical purposes.","PeriodicalId":44202,"journal":{"name":"Across Languages and Cultures","volume":"22 1","pages":"45-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48528717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marija Zlatnar Moe, Tamara Mikolič Južnič, Tanja Žigon
The article explores the interaction among three key figures in the process of publication of a literary translation into a language of low diffusion: the translator, the editor and the language reviser (the latter specific to the Slovene situation). The aim of the research is to identify who has the strongest position of power in the decision-making process of the production of a literary translation, especially when conflict arises. Information was gathered from the three groups with questionnaires, interviews and an analysis of public statements. The questions focused on the selection of the translator and language reviser, the translation process, the revision process and conflict resolution. A cross-comparison of the results indicates that despite the automatic central position of the editors, they tend to yield their decision-making power to translators, while language revisers have a more subservient, consulting role.
{"title":"Who determines the final version? The roles of translators, language revisers and editors in the publishing of a literary translation","authors":"Marija Zlatnar Moe, Tamara Mikolič Južnič, Tanja Žigon","doi":"10.1556/084.2021.00002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/084.2021.00002","url":null,"abstract":"The article explores the interaction among three key figures in the process of publication of a literary translation into a language of low diffusion: the translator, the editor and the language reviser (the latter specific to the Slovene situation). The aim of the research is to identify who has the strongest position of power in the decision-making process of the production of a literary translation, especially when conflict arises. Information was gathered from the three groups with questionnaires, interviews and an analysis of public statements. The questions focused on the selection of the translator and language reviser, the translation process, the revision process and conflict resolution. A cross-comparison of the results indicates that despite the automatic central position of the editors, they tend to yield their decision-making power to translators, while language revisers have a more subservient, consulting role.","PeriodicalId":44202,"journal":{"name":"Across Languages and Cultures","volume":"22 1","pages":"14-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47848586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Eye Movements and Gestures in Simultaneous and Consecutive Interpreting","authors":"Mária Bakti","doi":"10.1556/084.2021.00007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/084.2021.00007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44202,"journal":{"name":"Across Languages and Cultures","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45128986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Non-translation has not been adequately theorised despite its relevance to conceptualising how texts circulate across linguistic and cultural borders. This article outlines a theory which defines non-translation in three ways: first, in terms of systemic resistance to translation; second, as a set of procedures forming part of an overarching translation strategy; third, as the result of discourse that conceals the process of translation for various purposes. It describes the characteristics of ideological, economic, and poetological resistance to translation, categorising environments as hostile or hospitable depending on the extent to which translation is prevented from happening. Moving beyond a binary opposition between translation and its negative, the article then considers how partial non-translation might be used as a procedure to facilitate the translation of the rest of a text. Finally, the ways in which translational actions are concealed or negated, and thus rendered non-translations, are examined. The overarching aim of the article is to contribute a workable theory of non-translation that will serve as the basis for future studies of translation as a practice, process and product.
{"title":"Outline of a theory of non-translation","authors":"Dominic Glynn","doi":"10.1556/084.2021.00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/084.2021.00001","url":null,"abstract":"Non-translation has not been adequately theorised despite its relevance to conceptualising how texts circulate across linguistic and cultural borders. This article outlines a theory which defines non-translation in three ways: first, in terms of systemic resistance to translation; second, as a set of procedures forming part of an overarching translation strategy; third, as the result of discourse that conceals the process of translation for various purposes. It describes the characteristics of ideological, economic, and poetological resistance to translation, categorising environments as hostile or hospitable depending on the extent to which translation is prevented from happening. Moving beyond a binary opposition between translation and its negative, the article then considers how partial non-translation might be used as a procedure to facilitate the translation of the rest of a text. Finally, the ways in which translational actions are concealed or negated, and thus rendered non-translations, are examined. The overarching aim of the article is to contribute a workable theory of non-translation that will serve as the basis for future studies of translation as a practice, process and product.","PeriodicalId":44202,"journal":{"name":"Across Languages and Cultures","volume":"22 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44164602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Book Review","authors":"Senida Poenariu","doi":"10.1556/084.2020.00017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/084.2020.00017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44202,"journal":{"name":"Across Languages and Cultures","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42525116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is concerned with the following question: to what extent does neural machine translation (NMT) – a relatively new approach to machine translation (MT), which can draw on richer contextual information than previous MT architectures – perform explicitation shifts in translation and how are these shifts realised in linguistic terms? In order to answer this question, the paper attempts to identify instances of explicitation in the machine-translated version of a research report on carbon dioxide capture and storage. The machine-translated text was created using the publicly available generic NMT system DeepL. The human translation of the research report was analysed in a prior research project for instances of explicitation and implicitation (Krüger 2015). After a brief quantitative di scussion of the frequency and distribution of explicitation shifts identified in the DeepL output as compared to the shifts identified in the human translation of the research report, the paper analyses in detail several examples in which DeepL performed explicitation shifts of various kinds. The quantitative and qualitative analyses are intended to yield a tentative picture of the capacity of state-of-the art neural machine translation systems to perform explicitation shifts in translation. As explicitation is understood in this article as an indicator of translational text–context interaction, the explicitation performance of NMT can – to some extent – be taken to be indicative of the “contextual awareness” of this new MT architecture.
本文关注以下问题:神经机器翻译(NMT) -一种相对较新的机器翻译(MT)方法，可以利用比以前的机器翻译架构更丰富的上下文信息-在翻译中执行显式转换到什么程度，以及这些转换如何在语言术语中实现?为了回答这个问题，本文试图在一份关于二氧化碳捕获和储存的研究报告的机器翻译版本中找出解释的实例。机器翻译的文本是使用公开可用的通用NMT系统DeepL创建的。在之前的研究项目中，研究报告的人工翻译被分析为明确和暗示的实例(kr ger 2015)。在对DeepL输出中识别的显性移位的频率和分布与研究报告的人工翻译中识别的移位进行了简要的定量讨论之后，本文详细分析了DeepL执行各种显性移位的几个示例。定量和定性分析的目的是产生一个国家的最先进的神经机器翻译系统的能力的初步画面，以执行显式转换的翻译。由于本文将解释理解为翻译文本-上下文交互的一个指标，因此在某种程度上，NMT的解释性能可以被认为是这种新机器翻译架构的“上下文意识”的指示。
{"title":"Explicitation in Neural Machine Translation","authors":"Ralph Krüger","doi":"10.1556/084.2020.00012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/084.2020.00012","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is concerned with the following question: to what extent does neural machine translation (NMT) – a relatively new approach to machine translation (MT), which can draw on richer contextual information than previous MT architectures – perform explicitation shifts in translation and how are these shifts realised in linguistic terms? In order to answer this question, the paper attempts to identify instances of explicitation in the machine-translated version of a research report on carbon dioxide capture and storage. The machine-translated text was created using the publicly available generic NMT system DeepL. The human translation of the research report was analysed in a prior research project for instances of explicitation and implicitation (Krüger 2015). After a brief quantitative di scussion of the frequency and distribution of explicitation shifts identified in the DeepL output as compared to the shifts identified in the human translation of the research report, the paper analyses in detail several examples in which DeepL performed explicitation shifts of various kinds. The quantitative and qualitative analyses are intended to yield a tentative picture of the capacity of state-of-the art neural machine translation systems to perform explicitation shifts in translation. As explicitation is understood in this article as an indicator of translational text–context interaction, the explicitation performance of NMT can – to some extent – be taken to be indicative of the “contextual awareness” of this new MT architecture.","PeriodicalId":44202,"journal":{"name":"Across Languages and Cultures","volume":"21 1","pages":"195-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47282471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Books Received","authors":"","doi":"10.1556/084.2020.00019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/084.2020.00019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44202,"journal":{"name":"Across Languages and Cultures","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47775445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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