Pub Date : 2022-09-14DOI: 10.18778/1508-2008.25.20
P. Krajewski, K. Piłat
The aim of the article is to quantify and compare the impact of capital and labour tax on the economies of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). The impulse‑response functions presented in the paper show that output reacts differently to changes in the taxation of labour and capital. Although there is some heterogeneity in the magnitude and persistence of tax effects between the analysed CEE countries, the simulations generally indicate that the negative impact of increased capital taxation on GDP is stronger than for labour taxation. More importantly, however, the negative effects of higher taxation on capital are more persistent than in the taxation of labour. This is largely because higher capital taxation strongly reduces savings and the desired stock of capital, which has important long‑term macroeconomic consequences.
{"title":"A Comparison of the Effects of Capital and Labour Taxes in CEE Countries","authors":"P. Krajewski, K. Piłat","doi":"10.18778/1508-2008.25.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.25.20","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to quantify and compare the impact of capital and labour tax on the economies of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). The impulse‑response functions presented in the paper show that output reacts differently to changes in the taxation of labour and capital. Although there is some heterogeneity in the magnitude and persistence of tax effects between the analysed CEE countries, the simulations generally indicate that the negative impact of increased capital taxation on GDP is stronger than for labour taxation. More importantly, however, the negative effects of higher taxation on capital are more persistent than in the taxation of labour. This is largely because higher capital taxation strongly reduces savings and the desired stock of capital, which has important long‑term macroeconomic consequences.","PeriodicalId":44249,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Economic Research-Central and Eastern Europe","volume":"2013 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86396780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-14DOI: 10.18778/1508-2008.25.24
O. Bada, K. Adetiloye, F. Olokoyo, Grace Ukporhe
Member countries of the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) are always in the news regarding the prices and supply of crude oil to the international market. One of the economic reasons for this is liquidity and the desire to accumulate international reserves by the respective countries. This paper examined the determinants of international reserves among the cartel against the backdrop of the motives for keeping reserves. With data from 2005 to 2018, the adopted variables that were tested with the system of generalised methods of moments (Sy‑GMM) are inflation, exchange rates, oil prices, crude oil dependence, economic crises and others. The results and outputs show that inflation was negatively impactful externally and internally, while FDI inflows recorded negative significance. Economic crises and economic openness were positively significant, while oil prices and exchange rates were not significant determinants of international reserves accumulation. The paper recommends the maximisation of opportunities available by members during economic crises to accumulate reserves that will enable them to diversify from dependence on crude oil exports to include other products and a higher level of openness to open the economy up for competition to make the economies stronger.
{"title":"Determinants of International Reserves Among Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)","authors":"O. Bada, K. Adetiloye, F. Olokoyo, Grace Ukporhe","doi":"10.18778/1508-2008.25.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.25.24","url":null,"abstract":"Member countries of the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) are always in the news regarding the prices and supply of crude oil to the international market. One of the economic reasons for this is liquidity and the desire to accumulate international reserves by the respective countries. This paper examined the determinants of international reserves among the cartel against the backdrop of the motives for keeping reserves. With data from 2005 to 2018, the adopted variables that were tested with the system of generalised methods of moments (Sy‑GMM) are inflation, exchange rates, oil prices, crude oil dependence, economic crises and others. The results and outputs show that inflation was negatively impactful externally and internally, while FDI inflows recorded negative significance. Economic crises and economic openness were positively significant, while oil prices and exchange rates were not significant determinants of international reserves accumulation. The paper recommends the maximisation of opportunities available by members during economic crises to accumulate reserves that will enable them to diversify from dependence on crude oil exports to include other products and a higher level of openness to open the economy up for competition to make the economies stronger.","PeriodicalId":44249,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Economic Research-Central and Eastern Europe","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81350782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-14DOI: 10.18778/1508-2008.25.21
Zsuzsanna Zsibók, Ildikó Egyed
Our research studies the economic background of recovery and catching‑up after the global financial and economic crisis, comparing the case study areas of Cluj‑Napoca in Romania and Pécs in Hungary. We use explorative statistical data analysis to describe the post‑crisis regional economic environment in the context of the differential outcomes of the high‑pressure economy in these two countries. Then, we analyse the evolution of the per capita gross domestic product in a decomposed form which provides insights into the main challenges of regional development in the two regional centres. The results show that long‑run economic challenges must be handled with an efficiency‑oriented regional policy that relies upon capital and knowledge‑intensive growth.
{"title":"Post‑crisis Economic Environment of Two Central and Eastern European Regional Centres: A Comparative Approach","authors":"Zsuzsanna Zsibók, Ildikó Egyed","doi":"10.18778/1508-2008.25.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.25.21","url":null,"abstract":"Our research studies the economic background of recovery and catching‑up after the global financial and economic crisis, comparing the case study areas of Cluj‑Napoca in Romania and Pécs in Hungary. We use explorative statistical data analysis to describe the post‑crisis regional economic environment in the context of the differential outcomes of the high‑pressure economy in these two countries. Then, we analyse the evolution of the per capita gross domestic product in a decomposed form which provides insights into the main challenges of regional development in the two regional centres. The results show that long‑run economic challenges must be handled with an efficiency‑oriented regional policy that relies upon capital and knowledge‑intensive growth.","PeriodicalId":44249,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Economic Research-Central and Eastern Europe","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89269330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-14DOI: 10.18778/1508-2008.25.26
Agata Szymańska
The study analyses the demographic changes in five countries of the Western Balkans – Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia – which are associated with and are potential candidates for European Union (EU) member states. Due to a lack of data, Kosovo was excluded. The research was based on selected measures, both static and dynamic. The analysis was conducted against the background of the indicators presented for the EU, with the longest time sample covering the years 1960–2020. The study presents the scope of demographic changes and the advancement of the population ageing of these countries using selected static measures and showing their dynamics. The methods used are based on data analysis and cluster analysis. The results point to the advancement of demographic changes and ageing in the region. The comparison of calculated measures indicates that the demographic structure in the region has shifted towards “old”, with the share of people aged 65 and over higher than 14% in 2020. The most advanced stages concern Bosnia and Herzegovina, where the transformation from a “young” demographic structure to an “old” was very dynamic and deep.
{"title":"Demographic Changes in the Countries of the Western Balkans – A Comparative Analysis with the European Union","authors":"Agata Szymańska","doi":"10.18778/1508-2008.25.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.25.26","url":null,"abstract":"The study analyses the demographic changes in five countries of the Western Balkans – Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia – which are associated with and are potential candidates for European Union (EU) member states. Due to a lack of data, Kosovo was excluded. The research was based on selected measures, both static and dynamic. The analysis was conducted against the background of the indicators presented for the EU, with the longest time sample covering the years 1960–2020. The study presents the scope of demographic changes and the advancement of the population ageing of these countries using selected static measures and showing their dynamics. The methods used are based on data analysis and cluster analysis. The results point to the advancement of demographic changes and ageing in the region. The comparison of calculated measures indicates that the demographic structure in the region has shifted towards “old”, with the share of people aged 65 and over higher than 14% in 2020. The most advanced stages concern Bosnia and Herzegovina, where the transformation from a “young” demographic structure to an “old” was very dynamic and deep.","PeriodicalId":44249,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Economic Research-Central and Eastern Europe","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76164832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.18778/1508-2008.25.12
Ewa Feder-Sempach, Piotr Szczepocki
This paper examines the long‑term dependence between the Polish and German stock markets in terms of industry beta risk estimates according to the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). The main objective of this research is to compare the Polish and German beta parameters of five Polish and three German sector indices using the Bayesian methodology in the period 2001–2020. The study has two detailed aims. First, to develop a modified, Bayesian approach (SBETA model) that generates significantly more precise beta than the traditional model. Second, to compare the results of different time‑varying industry betas in the Polish and German economies, giving a simple investment recommendation, i.e., which sector could be classified as aggressive or defensive. The betas were time‑varying in both markets but less persistent in the German industries, which seems characteristic of an advanced economy. The Banking sector betas were the highest in both markets, implying the aggressive nature of that industry in the last twenty years. For the Polish market industry, the betas of Construction, IT, Food and Drinks, and Telecom were classified as defensive. For the German economy, the Technologies (IT) sector was also classified as aggressive, but Telecom was defensive. The results give a valuable insight into the systematic risk levels in Poland and Germany, reflecting the investors' learning process and indicating that Polish Banking and German technologies outperformed the market in the last twenty years.
{"title":"The Bayesian Method in Estimating Polish and German Industry Betas. A Comparative Analysis of the Risk between the Main Economic Sectors from 2001–2020","authors":"Ewa Feder-Sempach, Piotr Szczepocki","doi":"10.18778/1508-2008.25.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.25.12","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the long‑term dependence between the Polish and German stock markets in terms of industry beta risk estimates according to the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). The main objective of this research is to compare the Polish and German beta parameters of five Polish and three German sector indices using the Bayesian methodology in the period 2001–2020. The study has two detailed aims. First, to develop a modified, Bayesian approach (SBETA model) that generates significantly more precise beta than the traditional model. Second, to compare the results of different time‑varying industry betas in the Polish and German economies, giving a simple investment recommendation, i.e., which sector could be classified as aggressive or defensive.\u0000The betas were time‑varying in both markets but less persistent in the German industries, which seems characteristic of an advanced economy. The Banking sector betas were the highest in both markets, implying the aggressive nature of that industry in the last twenty years. For the Polish market industry, the betas of Construction, IT, Food and Drinks, and Telecom were classified as defensive. For the German economy, the Technologies (IT) sector was also classified as aggressive, but Telecom was defensive. The results give a valuable insight into the systematic risk levels in Poland and Germany, reflecting the investors' learning process and indicating that Polish Banking and German technologies outperformed the market in the last twenty years.","PeriodicalId":44249,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Economic Research-Central and Eastern Europe","volume":"411 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79889617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.18778/1508-2008.25.11
O. Pizhuk, L. Lazebnyk, H. Mamonova
This article examines the impact of digital transformation on changes in the sectoral structure of Ukraine’s economy, other post‑communist countries, and countries with highly developed economies. Firstly, we estimate the structural changes and differences in the sectoral model by gross value‑added and sectoral employment model by country using Ryabtsev’s index. Secondly, we calculated the forecast of changes in the researched economies' sectoral structures for 2021 and 2025 using discrete Markov processes. The forecasts made it possible to determine the direction of socio‑economic progress of highly developed and post‑communist countries. Thirdly, assuming that the development of ICT technologies caused the sectoral changes identified as a result of the assessment, we analyzed available level ratings of the digital transformation of the selected economies and named global trends in ICT. Finally, we determined the impact of the ICT index on the substantiality of sectoral changes in the economies of post‑communist countries and countries with highly developed economies. The study results allowed us to conclude that digital technology development affects the economy’s structural changes indirectly due to the reallocation of labor resources from one sector to another. The article substantiates the need to improve the economy’s sectoral model by adding industries related exclusively to the digital economy.
{"title":"Digitalization’s Effect on the Sectoral Structure Change in the Economy: a Comparative Analysis of Ukraine and Selected Countries","authors":"O. Pizhuk, L. Lazebnyk, H. Mamonova","doi":"10.18778/1508-2008.25.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.25.11","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the impact of digital transformation on changes in the sectoral structure of Ukraine’s economy, other post‑communist countries, and countries with highly developed economies. Firstly, we estimate the structural changes and differences in the sectoral model by gross value‑added and sectoral employment model by country using Ryabtsev’s index. Secondly, we calculated the forecast of changes in the researched economies' sectoral structures for 2021 and 2025 using discrete Markov processes. The forecasts made it possible to determine the direction of socio‑economic progress of highly developed and post‑communist countries. Thirdly, assuming that the development of ICT technologies caused the sectoral changes identified as a result of the assessment, we analyzed available level ratings of the digital transformation of the selected economies and named global trends in ICT. Finally, we determined the impact of the ICT index on the substantiality of sectoral changes in the economies of post‑communist countries and countries with highly developed economies. The study results allowed us to conclude that digital technology development affects the economy’s structural changes indirectly due to the reallocation of labor resources from one sector to another. The article substantiates the need to improve the economy’s sectoral model by adding industries related exclusively to the digital economy.","PeriodicalId":44249,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Economic Research-Central and Eastern Europe","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90416950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.18778/1508-2008.25.14
Maria Celina Błaszczyk
This paper analyzes the membership of the Visegrad Group countries (the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary) in the European Union (EU). It presents the parallel process of fundamental systemic transformation and integration with the EU in the analyzed countries. Their integration path is shown, starting from the association with the European Communities, a transitional period to membership, through adjustments to the requirements related to EU accession and membership. A comparative analysis of the main macroeconomic indicators, trade development, and the inflow of foreign direct investment showed that the adopted measures and the membership of these countries in the EU positively impacted their overall socio‑economic development, in particular in the context of modernizing and restructuring their economies, which ultimately translated into the civilizational leap of the analyzed countries.
{"title":"Selected Aspects of European Integration of the Visegrad Group Countries","authors":"Maria Celina Błaszczyk","doi":"10.18778/1508-2008.25.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.25.14","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the membership of the Visegrad Group countries (the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary) in the European Union (EU). It presents the parallel process of fundamental systemic transformation and integration with the EU in the analyzed countries. Their integration path is shown, starting from the association with the European Communities, a transitional period to membership, through adjustments to the requirements related to EU accession and membership. A comparative analysis of the main macroeconomic indicators, trade development, and the inflow of foreign direct investment showed that the adopted measures and the membership of these countries in the EU positively impacted their overall socio‑economic development, in particular in the context of modernizing and restructuring their economies, which ultimately translated into the civilizational leap of the analyzed countries.","PeriodicalId":44249,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Economic Research-Central and Eastern Europe","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89541279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.18778/1508-2008.25.18
Jakub Kwaśny, Artur Robert Sajnóg
The mainstream theoretical and empirical research presented in the study is a comparative analysis of comprehensive income reporting by groups listed in the Polish and German capital markets. The theoretical part of the article is dedicated to a scientific discussion on the determinants of the capital market and corporate governance in continental Europe and the so‑called ‘new governance’, related to the convergence of financial reporting standards, including IFRSs, that oblige groups of entities to prepare consolidated statements of comprehensive income. It also assesses the relevance of comprehensive income to capital market players. The empirical part contains the results of comparative research on the format and structure of consolidated statements and the nomenclature of their components, as well as the findings from studies of the value relevance of comprehensive income for the WIG30 and DAX groups in 2009–2019.
{"title":"International Determinants of Comprehensive Income Reporting by Groups – An Analytical and Comparative Study of Poland and Germany","authors":"Jakub Kwaśny, Artur Robert Sajnóg","doi":"10.18778/1508-2008.25.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.25.18","url":null,"abstract":"The mainstream theoretical and empirical research presented in the study is a comparative analysis of comprehensive income reporting by groups listed in the Polish and German capital markets. The theoretical part of the article is dedicated to a scientific discussion on the determinants of the capital market and corporate governance in continental Europe and the so‑called ‘new governance’, related to the convergence of financial reporting standards, including IFRSs, that oblige groups of entities to prepare consolidated statements of comprehensive income. It also assesses the relevance of comprehensive income to capital market players. The empirical part contains the results of comparative research on the format and structure of consolidated statements and the nomenclature of their components, as well as the findings from studies of the value relevance of comprehensive income for the WIG30 and DAX groups in 2009–2019.","PeriodicalId":44249,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Economic Research-Central and Eastern Europe","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78011384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.18778/1508-2008.25.16
O. Dovgal, N. Goncharenko, Viktoriia Karp, G. Revyakin
This study investigates the problem of estimating various aspects and qualitative features of innovative development. A new methodological approach to comprehensively assessing the polystructural nature of modern innovative development in the new EU member states and other EU countries is proposed, which allows us to identify growth points and promising areas to increase their innovative development. Aspects such as information adaptability, innovative orientation, and synergetic efficiency are considered. The analysis is based on a logical evaluation of indicators that characterize science, technology, and the digital society in accordance with the data presented in the public domain, from which the main indicators that characterize these three aspects of the EU’s innovative development were selected. According to the algorithm of the matrix method for the new EU member states and other EU countries, the maximum (reference) value was chosen for each indicator and the coefficient of compliance with the reference value of a particular indicator was calculated. As a result, integrated indicators of assessing information adaptability, innovative orientation, and synergetic efficiency and the integrated indicator of innovative development of the EU countries were calculated, which allowed us to rate them. The innovative development of the economies of the EU countries differs significantly in some indicators and aspects. The assessment and comparison of innovative development at the national level depends on many factors but is primarily determined by public policy and national priorities of a particular country. That is why a promising direction of increasing the innovative development of all EU countries should be, first of all, the further development of their mutual exchange of technologies based on the existing integration scientific and technical potential.
{"title":"Integrated Evaluation of Innovative Development of the New EU Member States and Other EU Countries","authors":"O. Dovgal, N. Goncharenko, Viktoriia Karp, G. Revyakin","doi":"10.18778/1508-2008.25.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.25.16","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the problem of estimating various aspects and qualitative features of innovative development. A new methodological approach to comprehensively assessing the polystructural nature of modern innovative development in the new EU member states and other EU countries is proposed, which allows us to identify growth points and promising areas to increase their innovative development. Aspects such as information adaptability, innovative orientation, and synergetic efficiency are considered. The analysis is based on a logical evaluation of indicators that characterize science, technology, and the digital society in accordance with the data presented in the public domain, from which the main indicators that characterize these three aspects of the EU’s innovative development were selected. According to the algorithm of the matrix method for the new EU member states and other EU countries, the maximum (reference) value was chosen for each indicator and the coefficient of compliance with the reference value of a particular indicator was calculated. As a result, integrated indicators of assessing information adaptability, innovative orientation, and synergetic efficiency and the integrated indicator of innovative development of the EU countries were calculated, which allowed us to rate them. The innovative development of the economies of the EU countries differs significantly in some indicators and aspects. The assessment and comparison of innovative development at the national level depends on many factors but is primarily determined by public policy and national priorities of a particular country. That is why a promising direction of increasing the innovative development of all EU countries should be, first of all, the further development of their mutual exchange of technologies based on the existing integration scientific and technical potential.","PeriodicalId":44249,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Economic Research-Central and Eastern Europe","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90121012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.18778/1508-2008.25.10
Lukáš Cíbik, Peter Horváth, R. Brix
The economic indicators of the new member states of the EU that joined after 2004 have been generally positive. In this paper, we analyse and interpret the economic development results of the 11 new Member States from the Eastern bloc. The set of individual economic indicators gives us a relatively realistic picture of the differences in development in individual post‑communist countries. The paper points out several factors which, in principle, create two groups of countries for us in terms of the development of economic indicators: A more progressive group of countries, which for the most part is showing progress towards catching up with the EU average, and a less progressive group, whose pace of convergence is significantly slower.
{"title":"Integration of Post‑Communist Countries in the EU –Leaders and Losers?","authors":"Lukáš Cíbik, Peter Horváth, R. Brix","doi":"10.18778/1508-2008.25.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.25.10","url":null,"abstract":"The economic indicators of the new member states of the EU that joined after 2004 have been generally positive. In this paper, we analyse and interpret the economic development results of the 11 new Member States from the Eastern bloc. The set of individual economic indicators gives us a relatively realistic picture of the differences in development in individual post‑communist countries. The paper points out several factors which, in principle, create two groups of countries for us in terms of the development of economic indicators: A more progressive group of countries, which for the most part is showing progress towards catching up with the EU average, and a less progressive group, whose pace of convergence is significantly slower.","PeriodicalId":44249,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Economic Research-Central and Eastern Europe","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78834407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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