Pub Date : 2022-12-16DOI: 10.18778/1508-2008.25.35
S. Jumambayev, A. Dzhulaeva, S. Baimukhanova, G. Ilyashova, A. Dosmbek
This article presents the results of a study into the features of the formation of economic inequality in Kazakhstan in the context of global trends in the country’s development. The methodological basis of the study was a comparative analysis of the former Soviet Union (FSU) and OECD countries in terms of economic development and inequality in the context of global changes and trends, implemented with the help of econometric and economic‑statistical methods. The study revealed a direct statistically significant (p < 0.05) correlation between the level of income concentration of the 10% group and the economic growth of Iceland (r = 0.67) and the Republic of Belarus (r = 0.65). In the case of the Republic of Kazakhstan, no such correlation was found. However, in Kazakhstan, the link between the 10% group’s income concentration and gross domestic product per capita has been established. The dynamics of GDP growth and the values of Kazakhstan’s population’s real money incomes have a stable inverse relationship. The correlation coefficient between them is r = –0.46, and the determination coefficient is R = 0.215, based on data from 2008 to 2020. This suggests that economic growth is still the most important factor that influences the population’s real income. The results of the study will be put into practice by familiarizing government officials with the developed proposals for enhancing the state’s policy of overcoming economic inequality and setting the stage for sustainable economic growth. In addition, the results of this study will be of interest to academic science, actualizing new directions for further research.
{"title":"Global Income Inequality – A Case Study of OECD Countries and Kazakhstan","authors":"S. Jumambayev, A. Dzhulaeva, S. Baimukhanova, G. Ilyashova, A. Dosmbek","doi":"10.18778/1508-2008.25.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.25.35","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the results of a study into the features of the formation of economic inequality in Kazakhstan in the context of global trends in the country’s development. The methodological basis of the study was a comparative analysis of the former Soviet Union (FSU) and OECD countries in terms of economic development and inequality in the context of global changes and trends, implemented with the help of econometric and economic‑statistical methods. The study revealed a direct statistically significant (p < 0.05) correlation between the level of income concentration of the 10% group and the economic growth of Iceland (r = 0.67) and the Republic of Belarus (r = 0.65). In the case of the Republic of Kazakhstan, no such correlation was found. However, in Kazakhstan, the link between the 10% group’s income concentration and gross domestic product per capita has been established. The dynamics of GDP growth and the values of Kazakhstan’s population’s real money incomes have a stable inverse relationship. The correlation coefficient between them is r = –0.46, and the determination coefficient is R = 0.215, based on data from 2008 to 2020. This suggests that economic growth is still the most important factor that influences the population’s real income. The results of the study will be put into practice by familiarizing government officials with the developed proposals for enhancing the state’s policy of overcoming economic inequality and setting the stage for sustainable economic growth. In addition, the results of this study will be of interest to academic science, actualizing new directions for further research.","PeriodicalId":44249,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Economic Research-Central and Eastern Europe","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82450830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-16DOI: 10.18778/1508-2008.25.31
Halina Waniak‑Michalak, M. Wozniak, R. Lisowski
The paper aims to assess selected elements of the business models of credit guarantee schemes (CGSs) implemented in 20 European Union countries within the financial framework between 2007 and 2013. This paper focuses on the CGSs’ financial additionality that depends mainly on how these programs are managed, the institutions implementing them, the objectives set and their distribution constraints. We analyse the implementation costs and the use of the funds allocated to implement the schemes. To reach the goal, we used several methods: the Kruskal‑Wallis by ranks, the median test, discriminant analysis, multidimensional scaling, and correlation. We also did the power analysis. We discovered that the efficiency of CGS implemented by non‑governmental organisations, mutual guarantee funds and regional agencies is related to the level of regional development. The relationship is not visible only when banks are engaged, which may be due to the impossibility of assigning a bank’s activities to a single region. However, we did not find differences in efficiency between types of organisations that implement CGSs. The answers to the research questions posed in the article can help policymakers and researchers conclude whether it is cost‑effective to continue supporting CGSs and whether the management of these schemes should change. The paper contributes to the economic policy theory in the area of state aid to SMEs and public finance.
{"title":"Credit Guarantee Schemes – Are They Efficient? Experience from European Union Countries","authors":"Halina Waniak‑Michalak, M. Wozniak, R. Lisowski","doi":"10.18778/1508-2008.25.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.25.31","url":null,"abstract":"The paper aims to assess selected elements of the business models of credit guarantee schemes (CGSs) implemented in 20 European Union countries within the financial framework between 2007 and 2013. This paper focuses on the CGSs’ financial additionality that depends mainly on how these programs are managed, the institutions implementing them, the objectives set and their distribution constraints. We analyse the implementation costs and the use of the funds allocated to implement the schemes. To reach the goal, we used several methods: the Kruskal‑Wallis by ranks, the median test, discriminant analysis, multidimensional scaling, and correlation. We also did the power analysis. We discovered that the efficiency of CGS implemented by non‑governmental organisations, mutual guarantee funds and regional agencies is related to the level of regional development. The relationship is not visible only when banks are engaged, which may be due to the impossibility of assigning a bank’s activities to a single region. However, we did not find differences in efficiency between types of organisations that implement CGSs. The answers to the research questions posed in the article can help policymakers and researchers conclude whether it is cost‑effective to continue supporting CGSs and whether the management of these schemes should change. The paper contributes to the economic policy theory in the area of state aid to SMEs and public finance.","PeriodicalId":44249,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Economic Research-Central and Eastern Europe","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87639385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-16DOI: 10.18778/1508-2008.25.27
M. Marcinkowska
The article categorises the attitudes of multinational corporations that do business in Russia (and Ukraine) in response to the war between the two countries from the perspective of the importance of their stakeholders. It also identifies the dimensions of responsibility to which the entity is committed. Eight types of strategies and four possible motives for the decision to adopt them are identified. Then, based on stakeholder theory, the companies’ likely prioritisation of their primary interest groups in Russia and Ukraine is identified, and the dimensions of corporate responsibility that they perceive as key are identified. The analysis allows us to illustrate the background and consequences of the different strategies for the main stakeholders and indicate the firms’ priorities and who has an impact on shaping their goals.
{"title":"Multinationals in Russia and Ukraine in the Face of War – the Stakeholders’ Perspective","authors":"M. Marcinkowska","doi":"10.18778/1508-2008.25.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.25.27","url":null,"abstract":"The article categorises the attitudes of multinational corporations that do business in Russia (and Ukraine) in response to the war between the two countries from the perspective of the importance of their stakeholders. It also identifies the dimensions of responsibility to which the entity is committed. Eight types of strategies and four possible motives for the decision to adopt them are identified. Then, based on stakeholder theory, the companies’ likely prioritisation of their primary interest groups in Russia and Ukraine is identified, and the dimensions of corporate responsibility that they perceive as key are identified. The analysis allows us to illustrate the background and consequences of the different strategies for the main stakeholders and indicate the firms’ priorities and who has an impact on shaping their goals.","PeriodicalId":44249,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Economic Research-Central and Eastern Europe","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87126330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-16DOI: 10.18778/1508-2008.25.34
Dominika Choroś-Mrozowska
COVID–19 is expected to have contributed towards changing the geographical structure of world trade, including trade between individual EU countries and China. This article presents the results of an analysis of the impact of the COVID–19 pandemic on Sino‑EU trade flows. The research aims to ascertain whether European Union countries noted a strengthening of their competitive advantage in trade with China in any of the 21 HS sections by increasing the value of the normalized revealed comparative advantage index (NRCA). To identify and select the most significant NRCA observations, Chebyshev’s inequality was used. The analysis was carried out for 2015 to 2020, with a particular emphasis on 2020, when the first effects of the COVID–19 pandemic were recorded. EU‑China trade relations have been the subject of numerous studies, but their nature has not yet been fully elucidated. This article tries to fill that gap. The analysis of mutual trade, especially at such an important moment from the socio‑economic perspective, can bring significant results. The analysis revealed that the pandemic did not result in any decline in EU‑China trade. In fact, global trade rose in 2020, with most of the 27 EU countries recording increases in both imports and exports. There were also no significant changes in the structure of the distribution of comparative advantage. However, in contrast to the previously analyzed years (2015–2019), in 2020, the NRCA index shows a flatter distribution, suggesting that most EU countries with the highest comparative advantages actually observed reductions in them.
{"title":"The Impact of COVID–19 on EU‑China Trade Flows","authors":"Dominika Choroś-Mrozowska","doi":"10.18778/1508-2008.25.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.25.34","url":null,"abstract":"COVID–19 is expected to have contributed towards changing the geographical structure of world trade, including trade between individual EU countries and China. This article presents the results of an analysis of the impact of the COVID–19 pandemic on Sino‑EU trade flows. The research aims to ascertain whether European Union countries noted a strengthening of their competitive advantage in trade with China in any of the 21 HS sections by increasing the value of the normalized revealed comparative advantage index (NRCA). To identify and select the most significant NRCA observations, Chebyshev’s inequality was used. The analysis was carried out for 2015 to 2020, with a particular emphasis on 2020, when the first effects of the COVID–19 pandemic were recorded. EU‑China trade relations have been the subject of numerous studies, but their nature has not yet been fully elucidated. This article tries to fill that gap. The analysis of mutual trade, especially at such an important moment from the socio‑economic perspective, can bring significant results. The analysis revealed that the pandemic did not result in any decline in EU‑China trade. In fact, global trade rose in 2020, with most of the 27 EU countries recording increases in both imports and exports. There were also no significant changes in the structure of the distribution of comparative advantage. However, in contrast to the previously analyzed years (2015–2019), in 2020, the NRCA index shows a flatter distribution, suggesting that most EU countries with the highest comparative advantages actually observed reductions in them.","PeriodicalId":44249,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Economic Research-Central and Eastern Europe","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83441505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-16DOI: 10.18778/1508-2008.25.29
B. Burkynskyi, L. Kupinets, N. Andryeyeva, O. Shershun
The structure of the process of introducing innovative technologies in the agricultural sector, the competitive position of Ukraine in the world rankings of the development of agricultural science and training of personnel for the needs of the agro‑industrial complex are considered and analyzed. Scientific and patent‑investment activities of enterprises of the agro‑industrial complex of Ukraine are studied. The methodology of bringing the mechanism of analytical and statistical observation of the state of innovative economic development in line with the standards of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and the EU is analyzed. The main strengths and weaknesses of innovative activity of the agricultural sector of Ukraine are identified. As a result of the study, the authors propose adaptive changes in the process of implementing environmental innovations in the rational use of natural resources in the agricultural sector.
{"title":"Ukrainian Agro‑Food Sector in the Context of Global Patterns of Environmental Innovation Development","authors":"B. Burkynskyi, L. Kupinets, N. Andryeyeva, O. Shershun","doi":"10.18778/1508-2008.25.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.25.29","url":null,"abstract":"The structure of the process of introducing innovative technologies in the agricultural sector, the competitive position of Ukraine in the world rankings of the development of agricultural science and training of personnel for the needs of the agro‑industrial complex are considered and analyzed. Scientific and patent‑investment activities of enterprises of the agro‑industrial complex of Ukraine are studied. The methodology of bringing the mechanism of analytical and statistical observation of the state of innovative economic development in line with the standards of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and the EU is analyzed. The main strengths and weaknesses of innovative activity of the agricultural sector of Ukraine are identified. As a result of the study, the authors propose adaptive changes in the process of implementing environmental innovations in the rational use of natural resources in the agricultural sector.","PeriodicalId":44249,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Economic Research-Central and Eastern Europe","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86766358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-16DOI: 10.18778/1508-2008.25.28
S. Fel, Marek Wódka, Jarosław Kozak
The aim of the article is to present the opinions of Polish migrants in Britain on the gains or losses that Brexit may bring to the European Union (EU), the United Kingdom (UK), and Poland, as well as the respondents themselves and their families. These opinions were determined based on the analysis of the results of a survey carried out among these migrants and presented against the backdrop of the results of public opinion polls on EU membership, which have been conducted in the British Isles regularly since the 1970s. The article analyses the beliefs held on this issue by economic migrants, who are faced with a choice as Brexit is underway: to remain expatriates or to return to their country of origin. Among the answers to questions about the possible benefits or negative outcomes of Brexit, it was the latter that predominated. In the discussion, the authors seek to ascertain why migrants from Poland fear the negative consequences of Brexit for the UK and for Europe more often than they fear those for Poland or for themselves and their close family members.
{"title":"A Gain or a Loss? The Consequences of Brexit in the Opinions of Polish Migrants","authors":"S. Fel, Marek Wódka, Jarosław Kozak","doi":"10.18778/1508-2008.25.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.25.28","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to present the opinions of Polish migrants in Britain on the gains or losses that Brexit may bring to the European Union (EU), the United Kingdom (UK), and Poland, as well as the respondents themselves and their families. These opinions were determined based on the analysis of the results of a survey carried out among these migrants and presented against the backdrop of the results of public opinion polls on EU membership, which have been conducted in the British Isles regularly since the 1970s. The article analyses the beliefs held on this issue by economic migrants, who are faced with a choice as Brexit is underway: to remain expatriates or to return to their country of origin. Among the answers to questions about the possible benefits or negative outcomes of Brexit, it was the latter that predominated. In the discussion, the authors seek to ascertain why migrants from Poland fear the negative consequences of Brexit for the UK and for Europe more often than they fear those for Poland or for themselves and their close family members.","PeriodicalId":44249,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Economic Research-Central and Eastern Europe","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84928530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-14DOI: 10.18778/1508-2008.25.19
T. Zatonatska, Yuriy Klapkiv, O. Dluhopolskyi, Olha Fedirko
The ingrained tendency to implement information and communication technologies (ICT) in EU enterprises over the last decade has caused dramatic changes in the labor market. Since the demand for ICT personnel is growing, there is still a need to create a comprehensive strategy to effectively manage ICT specialists when restructuring enterprises. The aim of the research is to identify transferring processes between low‑ and high‑skilled ICT personnel and predict the employment rate in the ICT field until 2025. A Markov chain was used as the method of analysis. Using statistical data about the employment rate of ICT personnel by education attainment level, we have built a Markov chain model that describes the processes of ICT personnel with different levels of education. Data from 2005 to 2019 was used to build forecasting because of the absence of the latest information. We demonstrate that with the help of digitalization, the employment rate of ICT staff in 2025 will increase by 64% compared to 2018. The research verifies that ICT personnel will be in great demand until 2023 and, importantly, low‑ and middle‑skilled personnel will be in demand, as well as high‑skilled personnel. The employment rate in the ICT field will be at its highest level in 2022 as the favorable economic conditions for ICT adoption will help it. The growing demand for low‑ and medium‑skilled ICT staff are met both by staff relocation processes and by the increasing digitalization of business units and public sector institutions. The added value of the analysis is the prediction that the largest growth in ICT personnel employment will occur by 2023, but employment growth will slow down after that. The main obstacle to employment growth through digitalization is the global economic crisis because of different reasons.
{"title":"Forecasting of the Employment Rate in the EU ICT Field","authors":"T. Zatonatska, Yuriy Klapkiv, O. Dluhopolskyi, Olha Fedirko","doi":"10.18778/1508-2008.25.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.25.19","url":null,"abstract":"The ingrained tendency to implement information and communication technologies (ICT) in EU enterprises over the last decade has caused dramatic changes in the labor market. Since the demand for ICT personnel is growing, there is still a need to create a comprehensive strategy to effectively manage ICT specialists when restructuring enterprises. The aim of the research is to identify transferring processes between low‑ and high‑skilled ICT personnel and predict the employment rate in the ICT field until 2025. A Markov chain was used as the method of analysis. Using statistical data about the employment rate of ICT personnel by education attainment level, we have built a Markov chain model that describes the processes of ICT personnel with different levels of education. Data from 2005 to 2019 was used to build forecasting because of the absence of the latest information. We demonstrate that with the help of digitalization, the employment rate of ICT staff in 2025 will increase by 64% compared to 2018. The research verifies that ICT personnel will be in great demand until 2023 and, importantly, low‑ and middle‑skilled personnel will be in demand, as well as high‑skilled personnel. The employment rate in the ICT field will be at its highest level in 2022 as the favorable economic conditions for ICT adoption will help it. The growing demand for low‑ and medium‑skilled ICT staff are met both by staff relocation processes and by the increasing digitalization of business units and public sector institutions. The added value of the analysis is the prediction that the largest growth in ICT personnel employment will occur by 2023, but employment growth will slow down after that. The main obstacle to employment growth through digitalization is the global economic crisis because of different reasons.","PeriodicalId":44249,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Economic Research-Central and Eastern Europe","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74244964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-14DOI: 10.18778/1508-2008.25.25
J. Sztaudynger, Ewa Ambroziak, Paweł Starosta
This research is an attempt to assess the impact of trust, helpfulness, and fairness on economic growth in Europe. The first part of the paper highlights the concept of social capital and the related concept of trust, while the second part gives an overview of selected research hitherto conducted on the subject. The third part presents an econometric growth model based on a modified Cobb‑Douglas production function. The model we propose includes three interrelated variables: generalized trust, helpfulness, and fairness, which can be combined into an aggregated variable, called ‘cooperation capital’. The pooled sample covers the years 2006–2018 and includes 22 European countries. European Social Survey data provides a chance to examine the previously inaccessible measurement of the impact of bridging social capital increase on economic growth. The results suggest that approximately 1/8 of economic growth (measured by the GDP growth rate) may be ascribed to the effect of an increase in cooperation capital. In addition, 86% of this effect occurs with a 1–4 year lag. The three‑component cooperation capital explains economic growth better than generalized trust exclusively. The estimated model suggests that an increase in helpfulness among people has the largest impact on economic growth. As the outcomes of this research also clearly show, fairness and trust are key factors for economic growth in Europe.
这项研究试图评估信任、乐于助人和公平对欧洲经济增长的影响。本文的第一部分重点介绍了社会资本的概念和相关的信任概念，而第二部分则概述了迄今为止对该主题进行的选定研究。第三部分提出了一个基于修正Cobb - Douglas生产函数的计量经济增长模型。我们提出的模型包括三个相互关联的变量:广义信任、乐于助人和公平，它们可以组合成一个聚合变量，称为“合作资本”。汇总样本涵盖2006-2018年，包括22个欧洲国家。欧洲社会调查(European Social Survey)的数据提供了一个机会，可以检验以前无法获得的衡量桥梁社会资本增加对经济增长影响的方法。研究结果表明，约1/8的经济增长(以GDP增长率衡量)可归因于合作资本增加的影响。此外，86%的效果发生在1-4年的滞后期。三成分合作资本比广义信任更能解释经济增长。估计模型表明，人们乐于助人的增加对经济增长的影响最大。这项研究的结果也清楚地表明，公平和信任是欧洲经济增长的关键因素。
{"title":"Generalized Trust, Helpfulness, Fairness and Growth in European Countries A Revised Analysis","authors":"J. Sztaudynger, Ewa Ambroziak, Paweł Starosta","doi":"10.18778/1508-2008.25.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.25.25","url":null,"abstract":"This research is an attempt to assess the impact of trust, helpfulness, and fairness on economic growth in Europe. The first part of the paper highlights the concept of social capital and the related concept of trust, while the second part gives an overview of selected research hitherto conducted on the subject. The third part presents an econometric growth model based on a modified Cobb‑Douglas production function. The model we propose includes three interrelated variables: generalized trust, helpfulness, and fairness, which can be combined into an aggregated variable, called ‘cooperation capital’. The pooled sample covers the years 2006–2018 and includes 22 European countries. European Social Survey data provides a chance to examine the previously inaccessible measurement of the impact of bridging social capital increase on economic growth. The results suggest that approximately 1/8 of economic growth (measured by the GDP growth rate) may be ascribed to the effect of an increase in cooperation capital. In addition, 86% of this effect occurs with a 1–4 year lag. The three‑component cooperation capital explains economic growth better than generalized trust exclusively. The estimated model suggests that an increase in helpfulness among people has the largest impact on economic growth. As the outcomes of this research also clearly show, fairness and trust are key factors for economic growth in Europe.","PeriodicalId":44249,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Economic Research-Central and Eastern Europe","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86654478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-14DOI: 10.18778/1508-2008.25.22
R. Matera
The main objective of the paper is to use the following terms of Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson – Despotic, Real, Paper, Shackled Leviathans – to check and evaluate the state of democracy, governance and social power in Central and Eastern European Countries (CECCs). Six states were included in the study: Poland, Czechia, Slovakia (before 1993 Czechoslovakia), Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria. Based on a historical analysis, Leviathan types were identified in the interwar period, communism, and the transition time. In the most recent period (the twenty‑first century), eight democracy and freedom indices were presented, which take into account the quality of governance, the state of institutions and the potential of social capital in the six CEECs. The usefulness of these indices for assessing whether (and when) a country managed to shackle Leviathan were checked.
{"title":"Using Acemoglu and Robinson’s Concept to Assess Leviathans in CEECs in the Long Term","authors":"R. Matera","doi":"10.18778/1508-2008.25.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.25.22","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of the paper is to use the following terms of Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson – Despotic, Real, Paper, Shackled Leviathans – to check and evaluate the state of democracy, governance and social power in Central and Eastern European Countries (CECCs). Six states were included in the study: Poland, Czechia, Slovakia (before 1993 Czechoslovakia), Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria. Based on a historical analysis, Leviathan types were identified in the interwar period, communism, and the transition time. In the most recent period (the twenty‑first century), eight democracy and freedom indices were presented, which take into account the quality of governance, the state of institutions and the potential of social capital in the six CEECs. The usefulness of these indices for assessing whether (and when) a country managed to shackle Leviathan were checked.","PeriodicalId":44249,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Economic Research-Central and Eastern Europe","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85785991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-14DOI: 10.18778/1508-2008.25.23
D. Żebrowska-Suchodolska, Iwona Piekunko-Mantiuk
Capital markets react almost immediately to crises. Such relationships can be both international and local. The research focuses on the stock markets of two countries: Spain and Poland. These countries are often compared in terms of various economic and social criteria. The research covers the period from March 3, 2019, to March 31, 2021. The aim is to identify sectors and indices similar to each other at the local level and to identify, among pairs of similar indices, those that provide a boost to another sector. The research uses the hierarchical cluster analysis method (Ward’s method) and the Granger causality test. This work presents a novel approach to sectoral comparison at the local level.
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