Pub Date : 2020-04-15DOI: 10.1080/14779757.2020.1748694
M. Behr, Gernot Aich, Claudia Scheurenbrand
ABSTRACT Both the person-centered and experiential (PCEP) and the Transactional Analysis (TA) approaches act on the assumption that the counselor would have unconditional positive regard (UPR) or an OK-OK-Position, respectively, and be real and self-disclosing. Thus, they complement each other very well. At times, counselors have to work with offensive, devaluating, passive, and otherwise challenging clients; furthermore, they can face confounded counseling tasks, e.g., having to counsel, control, evaluate or protect at the same time. Merging the central principles of PCEP – the experiential process and the encounter – with the TA focus on dysfunctional communication processes and challenging confrontations, may provide fertile ground for dissolving stuck processes in such counseling situations. Therefore, the paper presents a catalog of fourteen PCEP and TA perspectives, with examples, and unfolds their potential implications. We argue that the two approaches may enrich one another in difficult or confounded counseling situations.
{"title":"Person-centered and experiential psychotherapy and transactional analysis – contributions of two humanistic approaches to challenging or confounded counselling situations","authors":"M. Behr, Gernot Aich, Claudia Scheurenbrand","doi":"10.1080/14779757.2020.1748694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14779757.2020.1748694","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Both the person-centered and experiential (PCEP) and the Transactional Analysis (TA) approaches act on the assumption that the counselor would have unconditional positive regard (UPR) or an OK-OK-Position, respectively, and be real and self-disclosing. Thus, they complement each other very well. At times, counselors have to work with offensive, devaluating, passive, and otherwise challenging clients; furthermore, they can face confounded counseling tasks, e.g., having to counsel, control, evaluate or protect at the same time. Merging the central principles of PCEP – the experiential process and the encounter – with the TA focus on dysfunctional communication processes and challenging confrontations, may provide fertile ground for dissolving stuck processes in such counseling situations. Therefore, the paper presents a catalog of fourteen PCEP and TA perspectives, with examples, and unfolds their potential implications. We argue that the two approaches may enrich one another in difficult or confounded counseling situations.","PeriodicalId":44274,"journal":{"name":"Person-Centered and Experiential Psychotherapies","volume":"107 1","pages":"350 - 364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77160447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-15DOI: 10.1080/14779757.2020.1748698
K. Takasawa
ABSTRACT Researches on emotion regulation have suggested that contextualizing a negative life event within a broader time frame, what is called impermanence focus, buffers its emotional impact. Does impermanence focus play an important role during the therapeutic process of clearing a space (CAS)? This study examined whether impermanence focus as a positive mediating variable between distancing and self-efficacy would significantly mediate distancing and self-efficacy. Eighty-nine undergraduate students participated in a questionnaire survey. Results showed that distancing was significantly and positively correlated with impermanence focus and self-efficacy. In addition, impermanence focus was positively correlated with self-efficacy. Mediation analysis revealed that impermanence focus significantly mediated the proposed link. This pattern did not change when social desirability scores were statistically controlled. The theoretical and practical implications of CAS are discussed.
{"title":"Impermanence focus: for more detailed mechanism of clearing a space","authors":"K. Takasawa","doi":"10.1080/14779757.2020.1748698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14779757.2020.1748698","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Researches on emotion regulation have suggested that contextualizing a negative life event within a broader time frame, what is called impermanence focus, buffers its emotional impact. Does impermanence focus play an important role during the therapeutic process of clearing a space (CAS)? This study examined whether impermanence focus as a positive mediating variable between distancing and self-efficacy would significantly mediate distancing and self-efficacy. Eighty-nine undergraduate students participated in a questionnaire survey. Results showed that distancing was significantly and positively correlated with impermanence focus and self-efficacy. In addition, impermanence focus was positively correlated with self-efficacy. Mediation analysis revealed that impermanence focus significantly mediated the proposed link. This pattern did not change when social desirability scores were statistically controlled. The theoretical and practical implications of CAS are discussed.","PeriodicalId":44274,"journal":{"name":"Person-Centered and Experiential Psychotherapies","volume":"10 1","pages":"21 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85288113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-07DOI: 10.1080/14779757.2020.1748696
David Oberreiter
ABSTRACT The ability to fully comprehend the mental experience of those suffering from psychotic symptoms can sometimes elude the empathic capabilities of therapists. Even the most experienced psychiatrists, psychologists and psychotherapists have difficulty in dealing with, and understanding the strangeness of the symptoms and their full significance to those affected. Particularly the phenomenon of ego boundary disorders is difficult to compare with other comprehensible experiences due to the extreme level of alienation. Here, an attempt will be made to understand the disorders using psychological and philosophical models, and to reveal the problem in a way that makes a beneficial psychotherapeutic relationship possible. The empathic approach should not restrict itself to just understanding meanings, but must take into account the structural changes. An assessment oriented only on the surface of the symptoms runs the risk of disregarding the full scope of the disorder of those affected. It takes quite fundamental considerations to internal human structures and the concept of empathy in order to cope with the extent of the disorder.
{"title":"The therapy of ego boundary disorders focusing special attention on structural empathy","authors":"David Oberreiter","doi":"10.1080/14779757.2020.1748696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14779757.2020.1748696","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The ability to fully comprehend the mental experience of those suffering from psychotic symptoms can sometimes elude the empathic capabilities of therapists. Even the most experienced psychiatrists, psychologists and psychotherapists have difficulty in dealing with, and understanding the strangeness of the symptoms and their full significance to those affected. Particularly the phenomenon of ego boundary disorders is difficult to compare with other comprehensible experiences due to the extreme level of alienation. Here, an attempt will be made to understand the disorders using psychological and philosophical models, and to reveal the problem in a way that makes a beneficial psychotherapeutic relationship possible. The empathic approach should not restrict itself to just understanding meanings, but must take into account the structural changes. An assessment oriented only on the surface of the symptoms runs the risk of disregarding the full scope of the disorder of those affected. It takes quite fundamental considerations to internal human structures and the concept of empathy in order to cope with the extent of the disorder.","PeriodicalId":44274,"journal":{"name":"Person-Centered and Experiential Psychotherapies","volume":"20 1","pages":"174 - 194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76404322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-30DOI: 10.1080/14779757.2020.1744474
M. van Kalmthout
The first five lines of this remarkable book crisply summarize its purport: All there is are possibilities. Whether material object or mental experience, all is in continuous process towards becomi...
{"title":"It’s about us. Meaning, emotions and mental health in post-Newtonian reality","authors":"M. van Kalmthout","doi":"10.1080/14779757.2020.1744474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14779757.2020.1744474","url":null,"abstract":"The first five lines of this remarkable book crisply summarize its purport: All there is are possibilities. Whether material object or mental experience, all is in continuous process towards becomi...","PeriodicalId":44274,"journal":{"name":"Person-Centered and Experiential Psychotherapies","volume":"18 1","pages":"365 - 368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82178468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-14DOI: 10.1080/14779757.2020.1729841
R. Palitsky, Daniel Sullivan
Robert Kramer’s The Birth of Relationship Therapy focuses on a critical inflection point in the history of psychotherapy: the turn from a psychoanalytic focus on ‘interpretations’, and toward the p...
{"title":"The birth of relationship therapy: Carl Rogers meets Otto Rank","authors":"R. Palitsky, Daniel Sullivan","doi":"10.1080/14779757.2020.1729841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14779757.2020.1729841","url":null,"abstract":"Robert Kramer’s The Birth of Relationship Therapy focuses on a critical inflection point in the history of psychotherapy: the turn from a psychoanalytic focus on ‘interpretations’, and toward the p...","PeriodicalId":44274,"journal":{"name":"Person-Centered and Experiential Psychotherapies","volume":"7 1","pages":"183 - 186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75672196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-13DOI: 10.1080/14779757.2020.1717988
Joana Hissa, Allison Connolly, L. Timulak, Natalie Hession
ABSTRACT The current study is a qualitative, descriptive-interpretative study that utilizes an emotion-focused therapy (EFT) theoretical framework as the basis of interpretation of clients’ experiences of co-morbid anxiety and depression among three women with breast cancer. The study consists of analysis into the clients’ in-session presentation of their difficulties. The study uses a multiple case study observational qualitative design. In total, 18 video-recorded therapy sessions from 3 clients were used for analysis. Sessions were analyzed utilizing an EFT case conceptualization framework. Findings illustrate common themes across cases, organized within EFT conceptualization domains; these include triggers of emotional pain, such as hurtful relationships with close ones and cancer diagnosis/treatment; problematic self-treatment like self-blame and/or excessive worrying; global distress evidenced in the form of anxiety and depression symptoms; emotional and behavioral avoidance strategies such as interruption of emotions, self-distraction and avoidance of activities potentially triggering of painful emotions. The underlying core pain takes the form of sadness/loneliness, shame and fear, and points to corresponding unmet needs (e.g. to be loved, to be recognized, to be protected). The discussion focuses on presenting the findings in the context of psycho-oncology and EFT theory.
{"title":"Emotion-focused perspective on breast cancer patients’ experiences of comorbid anxiety and depression: a qualitative case analysis of three clients’ in-session presentations","authors":"Joana Hissa, Allison Connolly, L. Timulak, Natalie Hession","doi":"10.1080/14779757.2020.1717988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14779757.2020.1717988","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The current study is a qualitative, descriptive-interpretative study that utilizes an emotion-focused therapy (EFT) theoretical framework as the basis of interpretation of clients’ experiences of co-morbid anxiety and depression among three women with breast cancer. The study consists of analysis into the clients’ in-session presentation of their difficulties. The study uses a multiple case study observational qualitative design. In total, 18 video-recorded therapy sessions from 3 clients were used for analysis. Sessions were analyzed utilizing an EFT case conceptualization framework. Findings illustrate common themes across cases, organized within EFT conceptualization domains; these include triggers of emotional pain, such as hurtful relationships with close ones and cancer diagnosis/treatment; problematic self-treatment like self-blame and/or excessive worrying; global distress evidenced in the form of anxiety and depression symptoms; emotional and behavioral avoidance strategies such as interruption of emotions, self-distraction and avoidance of activities potentially triggering of painful emotions. The underlying core pain takes the form of sadness/loneliness, shame and fear, and points to corresponding unmet needs (e.g. to be loved, to be recognized, to be protected). The discussion focuses on presenting the findings in the context of psycho-oncology and EFT theory.","PeriodicalId":44274,"journal":{"name":"Person-Centered and Experiential Psychotherapies","volume":"1 1","pages":"134 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72959412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-10DOI: 10.1080/14779757.2020.1717986
R. Westmacott, Christopher Edmondstone
ABSTRACT Our objective is to introduce therapeutic intervention, in an EFT framework, with gender diverse people. We review research outlining mental health comorbidity, and some of the unique needs of this population. We understand risk and protective factors and intervention targets through the lens of minority stress theory. Proximal minority stress variables – internalized transphobia, expected rejection, and concealment stress – are reviewed. We outline extant and emerging treatments tailored to members of the transgender and gender diverse population experiencing minority stress. We focus specifically on the utility of EFT as a model for treating proximal minority stress variables and their associated underlying emotion schemes. We focus on adapting central EFT chair tasks to meet the unique needs of transgender and gender diverse clients experiencing minority stress. An illustrative example of the implementation of such is provided in the case of a young transfeminine client experiencing minority stress.
{"title":"Working with Transgender and Gender Diverse Clients in Emotion Focused Therapy: Targeting Minority Stress","authors":"R. Westmacott, Christopher Edmondstone","doi":"10.1080/14779757.2020.1717986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14779757.2020.1717986","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Our objective is to introduce therapeutic intervention, in an EFT framework, with gender diverse people. We review research outlining mental health comorbidity, and some of the unique needs of this population. We understand risk and protective factors and intervention targets through the lens of minority stress theory. Proximal minority stress variables – internalized transphobia, expected rejection, and concealment stress – are reviewed. We outline extant and emerging treatments tailored to members of the transgender and gender diverse population experiencing minority stress. We focus specifically on the utility of EFT as a model for treating proximal minority stress variables and their associated underlying emotion schemes. We focus on adapting central EFT chair tasks to meet the unique needs of transgender and gender diverse clients experiencing minority stress. An illustrative example of the implementation of such is provided in the case of a young transfeminine client experiencing minority stress.","PeriodicalId":44274,"journal":{"name":"Person-Centered and Experiential Psychotherapies","volume":"20 1","pages":"331 - 349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83315038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-10DOI: 10.1080/14779757.2020.1717980
M. Tarnowska, Anna Osińska-Owczarska, Monika Sowicka, Grażyna Supel-Szczerbic
ABSTRACT Dynamic neurodevelopment occurs in the first months of human life and requires optimal environmental conditions to advance in a typical way. One of the most important determinants of this process is the stable availability of a safe and responsive caregiver. This provides the child with a facilitative context for solving naturally emerging developmental conflicts, namely conflicts between the need for intimacy and the need for autonomy. If this availability is provided, the child acquires both affect regulation abilities as well as the capacity for curiosity that leads to an independent exploration of novel environments. The child also develops the ability to mentalize and empathize with others from this context, which serves as a foundation for further satisfactory functioning in both the intrapersonal and interpersonal worlds. Early adversity in the form of restricted access to a responsive caregiver leads to abnormalities in the process of neurodevelopment that result in long-lasting emotional and behavioral problems. These problems can be understood as difficulties in processing experience. In this context, the present article will comment on the qualities of the therapeutic relationship that seem critical in work with people who experience difficulties in this area.
{"title":"How the therapeutic relationship can repair failures in ‘safe other’ experiences required for normal neurodevelopment of capacities for human intimacy and autonomy","authors":"M. Tarnowska, Anna Osińska-Owczarska, Monika Sowicka, Grażyna Supel-Szczerbic","doi":"10.1080/14779757.2020.1717980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14779757.2020.1717980","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Dynamic neurodevelopment occurs in the first months of human life and requires optimal environmental conditions to advance in a typical way. One of the most important determinants of this process is the stable availability of a safe and responsive caregiver. This provides the child with a facilitative context for solving naturally emerging developmental conflicts, namely conflicts between the need for intimacy and the need for autonomy. If this availability is provided, the child acquires both affect regulation abilities as well as the capacity for curiosity that leads to an independent exploration of novel environments. The child also develops the ability to mentalize and empathize with others from this context, which serves as a foundation for further satisfactory functioning in both the intrapersonal and interpersonal worlds. Early adversity in the form of restricted access to a responsive caregiver leads to abnormalities in the process of neurodevelopment that result in long-lasting emotional and behavioral problems. These problems can be understood as difficulties in processing experience. In this context, the present article will comment on the qualities of the therapeutic relationship that seem critical in work with people who experience difficulties in this area.","PeriodicalId":44274,"journal":{"name":"Person-Centered and Experiential Psychotherapies","volume":"23 1","pages":"292 - 309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83215622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-10DOI: 10.1080/14779757.2020.1717987
Wei Tao Ong, David Murphy, S. Joseph
ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to critically examine the axiom of Cooper and McLeod that the person-centered approach should incorporate pluralistic practices based on clients’ goals and wants. First, we examine Cooper and McLeod’s argument that the uniqueness of clients means that therapeutic work should orientate around helping clients to identify what they want and how to achieve it. Second, we examine their position that the theories that the therapist may hold about therapeutic change should be subordinate to the client’s specific wants and needs. Finally, we consider their assertion that there is a need to reconceptualize person-centered theory with a pluralistic framework. The person-centered approach has its own unique ontological position based on a trust in the actualizing tendency of all organisms. If by pluralism Cooper and McLeod are proposing ontological eclecticism, then this is fundamentally incompatible with the person-centered approach. In terms of method, the person-centered approach was already pluralistic; if this is what Cooper and McLeod mean by pluralistic, then what they are proposing is simply old wine in a new bottle.
{"title":"Unnecessary and incompatible: a critical response to Cooper and McLeod’s conceptualization of a pluralistic framework for person-centered therapy","authors":"Wei Tao Ong, David Murphy, S. Joseph","doi":"10.1080/14779757.2020.1717987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14779757.2020.1717987","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to critically examine the axiom of Cooper and McLeod that the person-centered approach should incorporate pluralistic practices based on clients’ goals and wants. First, we examine Cooper and McLeod’s argument that the uniqueness of clients means that therapeutic work should orientate around helping clients to identify what they want and how to achieve it. Second, we examine their position that the theories that the therapist may hold about therapeutic change should be subordinate to the client’s specific wants and needs. Finally, we consider their assertion that there is a need to reconceptualize person-centered theory with a pluralistic framework. The person-centered approach has its own unique ontological position based on a trust in the actualizing tendency of all organisms. If by pluralism Cooper and McLeod are proposing ontological eclecticism, then this is fundamentally incompatible with the person-centered approach. In terms of method, the person-centered approach was already pluralistic; if this is what Cooper and McLeod mean by pluralistic, then what they are proposing is simply old wine in a new bottle.","PeriodicalId":44274,"journal":{"name":"Person-Centered and Experiential Psychotherapies","volume":"40 1","pages":"168 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83772450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-10DOI: 10.1080/14779757.2020.1717981
Alyssa M. Swan, Peggy L. Ceballos
ABSTRACT Person-centered therapy’s cross-cultural relevance and nondirective stance have been doubted and challenged in counseling and social justice literature. In order to incorporate multiculturalism and social justice advocacy into effective and ethical practice, it is critical for person-centered counselors to be able to conceptualize, understand, and serve social justice issues through a person-centered lens. First, we present a brief overview of the person-centered dialogue related to multiculturalism and social justice advocacy in counseling. Then, we offer a conceptualization of several social justice-related issues impacting clients using person-centered terminology and philosophy in an effort to increase understanding. Lastly, we share perspectives on how person-centered counselors serve as social justice advocates within and outside of the direct counseling relationship. We incorporate multicultural, ethical, and legal considerations throughout the discussion.
{"title":"Person-centered conceptualization of multiculturalism and social justice in counseling","authors":"Alyssa M. Swan, Peggy L. Ceballos","doi":"10.1080/14779757.2020.1717981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14779757.2020.1717981","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Person-centered therapy’s cross-cultural relevance and nondirective stance have been doubted and challenged in counseling and social justice literature. In order to incorporate multiculturalism and social justice advocacy into effective and ethical practice, it is critical for person-centered counselors to be able to conceptualize, understand, and serve social justice issues through a person-centered lens. First, we present a brief overview of the person-centered dialogue related to multiculturalism and social justice advocacy in counseling. Then, we offer a conceptualization of several social justice-related issues impacting clients using person-centered terminology and philosophy in an effort to increase understanding. Lastly, we share perspectives on how person-centered counselors serve as social justice advocates within and outside of the direct counseling relationship. We incorporate multicultural, ethical, and legal considerations throughout the discussion.","PeriodicalId":44274,"journal":{"name":"Person-Centered and Experiential Psychotherapies","volume":"25 1","pages":"154 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82443855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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