首页 > 最新文献

Journal of Modern European History最新文献

英文 中文
Civil Wars in the Shadow of World War II: The Cases of Chameria/Çameria and Kosovo 第二次世界大战阴影下的内战:查梅里亚/恰梅里亚和科索沃的案例
IF 0.5 3区 历史学 Q2 HISTORY Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/16118944221130226
Franziska Zaugg, Jason Chandrinos
This article assesses the occurrence of civil war in the Balkans during World War II and the Axis occupation. It draws on the wartime experiences in the border areas of Kosovo (‘Greater Albania’)/Serbia and Albania/Greece to illustrate the complex interrelation between ethnic tensions and political imperatives, on a local, national and transnational scale. It discusses the Italian and German occupation policy towards national minorities and armed groups as a key contributing factor to civil war and pinpoints the similarities, differences and interdependencies between the different civil war parties and agents of violence.
本文评估了第二次世界大战和轴心国占领期间巴尔干半岛内战的发生情况。它借鉴了科索沃(“大阿尔巴尼亚”)/塞尔维亚和阿尔巴尼亚/希腊边境地区的战时经验,说明了地方、国家和跨国范围内种族紧张局势与政治需要之间的复杂相互关系。它讨论了意大利和德国对少数民族和武装团体的占领政策,认为这是内战的一个关键因素,并指出了不同内战各方和暴力行为者之间的相似性、差异性和相互依存性。
{"title":"Civil Wars in the Shadow of World War II: The Cases of Chameria/Çameria and Kosovo","authors":"Franziska Zaugg, Jason Chandrinos","doi":"10.1177/16118944221130226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944221130226","url":null,"abstract":"This article assesses the occurrence of civil war in the Balkans during World War II and the Axis occupation. It draws on the wartime experiences in the border areas of Kosovo (‘Greater Albania’)/Serbia and Albania/Greece to illustrate the complex interrelation between ethnic tensions and political imperatives, on a local, national and transnational scale. It discusses the Italian and German occupation policy towards national minorities and armed groups as a key contributing factor to civil war and pinpoints the similarities, differences and interdependencies between the different civil war parties and agents of violence.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"20 1","pages":"483 - 497"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48889077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Shattered States: Reconstituting Political Authority in the Aftermath of Civil War in Russia and Greece 破碎的国家:俄罗斯和希腊内战后政治权威的重建
IF 0.5 3区 历史学 Q2 HISTORY Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/16118944221130221
Yiannis Kokosalakis
This article examines the process of disintegration and reconstitution of political authority in civil war with reference to the Russian (1918–1921) and Greek (1946–1949) civil wars. These conflicts bracket the post-World War I period of revolutionary and counterrevolutionary conflicts that has been the core subject of historical scholarship on European civil strife. Both cases were highly polarised clashes between establishment and revolutionary forces, and much of the relevant historiography has been naturally coloured by this aspect of the conflicts. I argue that the interpretative focus on polarisation obscures a different dynamic that is equally important for our understanding of civil war as a type of military conflict and, crucially, its political aftermath. Civil war in Russia and Greece did not emerge as a result of functioning states splitting into two or more competing authorities. It was rather the product of a multifaceted fragmentation of political power as a result of war and revolution; a shattering of the state into an array of asymmetrical actors competing for control over both its territory and its administrative resources. Polarisation followed this fragmentation, as these disparate actors manoeuvred to form the camps of the civil wars. This form of coalition building was a dynamic process in which armed violence was not only the chief means of resolution of the competing claims to power but also an essential factor in the formation of the sides themselves. A corollary of this is that the process of political reconstruction that follows civil war is determined as much by the imperative to work out a functioning relationship between the various elements of the victors’ camp as by securing victory through the permanent exclusion or reintegration of the vanquished.
本文以俄罗斯(1918–1921)和希腊(1946–1949)内战为参照,考察了内战中政治权威的解体和重建过程。这些冲突涵盖了第一次世界大战后的革命和反革命冲突时期,这一直是欧洲内乱历史研究的核心主题。这两起案件都是建制派和革命力量之间的高度两极分化的冲突,许多相关的史学都自然地受到了这方面冲突的影响。我认为,对两极分化的解释性关注掩盖了一种不同的动态,这种动态对我们理解内战是一种军事冲突,至关重要的是,它的政治后果同样重要。俄罗斯和希腊的内战并不是由两个或两个以上相互竞争的国家分裂而来的。它是战争和革命导致政治权力多方面分裂的产物;国家分裂成一系列不对称的行动者,争夺对其领土和行政资源的控制权。随着这些不同的行动者组成内战的阵营,这种分裂之后出现了两极分化。这种形式的联盟建设是一个动态的过程,在这个过程中,武装暴力不仅是解决相互竞争的权力主张的主要手段,也是双方组建的一个重要因素。由此产生的一个必然结果是,内战后的政治重建进程在很大程度上取决于必须在胜利者阵营的各个组成部分之间建立一种有效的关系,也取决于通过永久排斥或重新融入战败者来确保胜利。
{"title":"Shattered States: Reconstituting Political Authority in the Aftermath of Civil War in Russia and Greece","authors":"Yiannis Kokosalakis","doi":"10.1177/16118944221130221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944221130221","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the process of disintegration and reconstitution of political authority in civil war with reference to the Russian (1918–1921) and Greek (1946–1949) civil wars. These conflicts bracket the post-World War I period of revolutionary and counterrevolutionary conflicts that has been the core subject of historical scholarship on European civil strife. Both cases were highly polarised clashes between establishment and revolutionary forces, and much of the relevant historiography has been naturally coloured by this aspect of the conflicts. I argue that the interpretative focus on polarisation obscures a different dynamic that is equally important for our understanding of civil war as a type of military conflict and, crucially, its political aftermath. Civil war in Russia and Greece did not emerge as a result of functioning states splitting into two or more competing authorities. It was rather the product of a multifaceted fragmentation of political power as a result of war and revolution; a shattering of the state into an array of asymmetrical actors competing for control over both its territory and its administrative resources. Polarisation followed this fragmentation, as these disparate actors manoeuvred to form the camps of the civil wars. This form of coalition building was a dynamic process in which armed violence was not only the chief means of resolution of the competing claims to power but also an essential factor in the formation of the sides themselves. A corollary of this is that the process of political reconstruction that follows civil war is determined as much by the imperative to work out a functioning relationship between the various elements of the victors’ camp as by securing victory through the permanent exclusion or reintegration of the vanquished.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"20 1","pages":"498 - 512"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49588680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
French Decolonisation and Civil War: The Dynamics of Violence in the Early Phases of Anti-colonial War in Vietnam and Algeria, 1940–1956 法国非殖民化和内战:1940-1956年越南和阿尔及利亚反殖民战争早期阶段的暴力动态
IF 0.5 3区 历史学 Q2 HISTORY Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/16118944221130231
Martin Thomas, Pierre Asselin
This article draws together historical sources and political science insights to test the emergence of civil war at the end of empire. It focuses on civil conflict in two French colonial territories, Vietnam and Algeria, during and immediately after 1945. It investigates the civil war dynamics of local, often intra-ethnic contests among anticolonial oppositionists. Concentrating on the early, formative years of insurgent violence, we aim to demonstrate that elements of civil war pre-existed the supposed outbreak of decolonisation conflicts – 1946 in Vietnam and 1954 in Algeria. Our approach combines narrative assessments of the early phases of these conflicts with analysis of their civil war dynamics. As we seek to demonstrate, cycles of internecine killing, massacre and counter-massacre, normalized summary killing, maltreatment of detainees, and loss of distinction between civilians, seditionists, and ‘traitors’. Our argument is that decolonisation violence in both Vietnam and Algeria may be usefully rethought in civil war terms.
本文汇集了历史资料和政治学见解,以检验帝国末期内战的出现。它主要讲述了1945年期间和之后发生在两个法国殖民地越南和阿尔及利亚的内战。它调查了当地的内战动态,通常是反殖民主义反对派之间的种族内部竞争。我们将重点放在叛乱暴力的早期形成时期,旨在证明内战的因素在假定的非殖民化冲突爆发之前就存在了——1946年在越南,1954年在阿尔及利亚。我们的方法结合了对这些冲突早期阶段的叙事评估和对其内战动态的分析。正如我们试图证明的那样,自相残杀、屠杀和反屠杀、常态化的即决杀戮、虐待被拘留者,以及平民、煽动者和“叛徒”之间失去区别的循环。我们的观点是,越南和阿尔及利亚的非殖民化暴力可以从内战的角度进行反思。
{"title":"French Decolonisation and Civil War: The Dynamics of Violence in the Early Phases of Anti-colonial War in Vietnam and Algeria, 1940–1956","authors":"Martin Thomas, Pierre Asselin","doi":"10.1177/16118944221130231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944221130231","url":null,"abstract":"This article draws together historical sources and political science insights to test the emergence of civil war at the end of empire. It focuses on civil conflict in two French colonial territories, Vietnam and Algeria, during and immediately after 1945. It investigates the civil war dynamics of local, often intra-ethnic contests among anticolonial oppositionists. Concentrating on the early, formative years of insurgent violence, we aim to demonstrate that elements of civil war pre-existed the supposed outbreak of decolonisation conflicts – 1946 in Vietnam and 1954 in Algeria. Our approach combines narrative assessments of the early phases of these conflicts with analysis of their civil war dynamics. As we seek to demonstrate, cycles of internecine killing, massacre and counter-massacre, normalized summary killing, maltreatment of detainees, and loss of distinction between civilians, seditionists, and ‘traitors’. Our argument is that decolonisation violence in both Vietnam and Algeria may be usefully rethought in civil war terms.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"20 1","pages":"513 - 535"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48345374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Wilsonian Moment at Lausanne, 1922–1923 1922–1923年洛桑的威尔逊时刻
IF 0.5 3区 历史学 Q2 HISTORY Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/16118944221130224
Gürol Baba, J. Winter
This article discusses the background and diplomatic strategies of the Turkish delegation at Lausanne and their selective understanding of self-determination, excluding non-Turkic and non-Muslim people in Anatolia from the ‘self’ that has the right to determine its national existence. It also elaborates on the reasons why the Allies acknowledged this exclusion in the Treaty of Lausanne of 1923. We borrow from Erez Manela's interpretation of the ‘Wilsonian moment’ to frame these diplomatic and political developments and to show how and why the democratic intent of Wilson's idea of self-determination vanished in the framing of the Peace Treaty of Lausanne in 1923.
本文讨论了土耳其驻洛桑代表团的背景和外交策略,以及他们对自决的选择性理解,将安纳托利亚的非突厥和非穆斯林人民排除在有权决定其民族存在的“自我”之外。它还阐述了盟军在1923年《洛桑条约》中承认这种排斥的原因。我们借用埃雷兹·马内拉对“威尔逊时刻”的解释来界定这些外交和政治发展,并展示威尔逊自决思想的民主意图是如何以及为什么在1923年《洛桑和约》的框架中消失的。
{"title":"The Wilsonian Moment at Lausanne, 1922–1923","authors":"Gürol Baba, J. Winter","doi":"10.1177/16118944221130224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944221130224","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the background and diplomatic strategies of the Turkish delegation at Lausanne and their selective understanding of self-determination, excluding non-Turkic and non-Muslim people in Anatolia from the ‘self’ that has the right to determine its national existence. It also elaborates on the reasons why the Allies acknowledged this exclusion in the Treaty of Lausanne of 1923. We borrow from Erez Manela's interpretation of the ‘Wilsonian moment’ to frame these diplomatic and political developments and to show how and why the democratic intent of Wilson's idea of self-determination vanished in the framing of the Peace Treaty of Lausanne in 1923.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"20 1","pages":"536 - 553"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42201903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Europe's Age of Civil Wars? An Introduction 欧洲的内战时代?引言
IF 0.5 3区 历史学 Q2 HISTORY Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/16118944221130478
M. Conway, Robert Gerwarth
In the first half of the twentieth century, Europe experienced a wave of civil wars, unparalleled since the French Revolution, from Finland in the North and Ireland and Spain in the West to Ukraine and Russia in the East and Greece in the South. This list can easily be expanded if we include, as some historians do, the violence that occurred in many areas of occupied Europe during and after the two world wars – most notably in Poland after 1918 and in the Balkans, but also in Italy and France during the final stages of Second World War – as a form of internal war frequently induced and catalyzed by occupying external forces.
20世纪上半叶,欧洲经历了自法国大革命以来前所未有的内战浪潮,从北部的芬兰、西部的爱尔兰和西班牙,到东部的乌克兰和俄罗斯,再到南部的希腊。如果我们像一些历史学家一样,将两次世界大战期间和之后发生在被占领欧洲许多地区的暴力事件包括在内,这个列表就很容易扩展——最引人注目的是1918年后的波兰和巴尔干半岛,还有第二次世界大战最后阶段的意大利和法国——这是一种经常由占领外部势力引发和催化的内部战争。
{"title":"Europe's Age of Civil Wars? An Introduction","authors":"M. Conway, Robert Gerwarth","doi":"10.1177/16118944221130478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944221130478","url":null,"abstract":"In the first half of the twentieth century, Europe experienced a wave of civil wars, unparalleled since the French Revolution, from Finland in the North and Ireland and Spain in the West to Ukraine and Russia in the East and Greece in the South. This list can easily be expanded if we include, as some historians do, the violence that occurred in many areas of occupied Europe during and after the two world wars – most notably in Poland after 1918 and in the Balkans, but also in Italy and France during the final stages of Second World War – as a form of internal war frequently induced and catalyzed by occupying external forces.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"20 1","pages":"442 - 451"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49275187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Was There a Civil War in Anatolia between the Ottoman Collapse in World War I and the Establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923? 在第一次世界大战奥斯曼帝国崩溃和1923年土耳其共和国成立之间,安纳托利亚是否发生过内战?
IF 0.5 3区 历史学 Q2 HISTORY Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.1177/16118944221130213
B. Kissane
For most Turks the emergence of the Republic of Turkey out of the ashes of the Ottoman Empire involved a four-year period of national struggle/milli mücadele. In the version of events canonised by Ataturk's October 1927 Nutuk speech to the Turkish parliament the expression civil war is not used. Yet the range of adversaries he depicts, including the Ottoman Palace suggests that there were many types of wars being fought in Anatolia in those years. This article suggests that the term civil war can be applied to those years and discusses historical research that says so. Not only was the war with the Palace an inchoate civil war over the Ottoman Succession, there are strong European parallels with the Turkish experience of imperial collapse, ethnic conflict, partition and state formation between 1918 and 1923. To draw the connections we need to think of civil war in a ‘layered’ way and the latter part of the article justifies such an approach.
对大多数土耳其人来说,从奥斯曼帝国的灰烬中崛起的土耳其共和国经历了四年的民族斗争。在阿塔图尔克1927年10月对土耳其议会发表的努图克讲话中,没有使用内战这个词。然而,他所描绘的敌人的范围,包括奥斯曼宫殿,表明在那些年里,安纳托利亚发生了多种类型的战争。本文认为,内战一词可以适用于那些年,并讨论了这样说的历史研究。与皇宫的战争不仅是一场针对奥斯曼帝国继承权的早期内战,而且欧洲与土耳其在1918年至1923年间经历的帝国崩溃、种族冲突、分裂和国家形成有着强烈的相似之处。为了建立联系,我们需要以一种“分层”的方式思考内战,文章的后半部分证明了这种方法的合理性。
{"title":"Was There a Civil War in Anatolia between the Ottoman Collapse in World War I and the Establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923?","authors":"B. Kissane","doi":"10.1177/16118944221130213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944221130213","url":null,"abstract":"For most Turks the emergence of the Republic of Turkey out of the ashes of the Ottoman Empire involved a four-year period of national struggle/milli mücadele. In the version of events canonised by Ataturk's October 1927 Nutuk speech to the Turkish parliament the expression civil war is not used. Yet the range of adversaries he depicts, including the Ottoman Palace suggests that there were many types of wars being fought in Anatolia in those years. This article suggests that the term civil war can be applied to those years and discusses historical research that says so. Not only was the war with the Palace an inchoate civil war over the Ottoman Succession, there are strong European parallels with the Turkish experience of imperial collapse, ethnic conflict, partition and state formation between 1918 and 1923. To draw the connections we need to think of civil war in a ‘layered’ way and the latter part of the article justifies such an approach.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"20 1","pages":"452 - 467"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46760526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pipeline Construction as “Soft Power” in Foreign Policy. Why the Soviet Union Started to Sell Gas to West Germany, 1966–1970 管道建设作为外交政策中的“软实力”。为什么苏联开始向西德出售天然气,1966-1970
IF 0.5 3区 历史学 Q2 HISTORY Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.1177/16118944221130222
S. Schattenberg
The aim of this article is to explain why and how two formerly hostile states such as the USSR and West Germany concluded a gas deal in 1970 that lasted not only the 20 years that had been initially contracted, but until 2022. Based on new documents from Russian archives, this paper will analyse how natural gas for the Politburo turned from a minor natural resource to a worthy political tool and a ‘soft power’. While the Soviet gas minister had already advocated the global sale of gas in 1966 and the Politburo used it in 1966 itself as a means to bind Austria to its sphere of influence, Moscow changed its mind towards West Germany only in 1969 due to political developments. In order to bring Willy Brandt to power, put China in its place and teach Italy a lesson, Moscow changed its policy towards West Germany from risk avoidance to danger containment. Both sides independently developed the idea that binding the other's market to their own would prevent the partner from imposing another embargo (the West) or stopping deliveries (the USSR). The entanglement of markets was supposed to serve as a guarantee for the reliability of the respective contractor – the result of which we see today.
本文的目的是解释苏联和西德等两个以前敌对的国家为什么以及如何在1970年达成天然气协议,该协议不仅持续了最初签订的20年,而且一直持续到2022年。根据俄罗斯档案馆的新文件,本文将分析政治局的天然气是如何从一种次要的自然资源变成一种有价值的政治工具和“软实力”的。虽然苏联天然气部长在1966年就已经主张在全球范围内出售天然气,而政治局在1966年也将其作为将奥地利束缚在其势力范围内的手段,但由于政治发展,莫斯科直到1969年才改变了对西德的想法。为了让勃兰特上台,摆平中国的位置,给意大利一个教训,莫斯科改变了对西德的政策,从规避风险转向遏制危险。双方都独立提出了这样一种观点,即将对方的市场与自己的市场捆绑在一起将防止合作伙伴再次实施禁运(西方)或停止交货(苏联)。市场的纠缠本应作为各自承包商可靠性的保证——我们今天看到了这一结果。
{"title":"Pipeline Construction as “Soft Power” in Foreign Policy. Why the Soviet Union Started to Sell Gas to West Germany, 1966–1970","authors":"S. Schattenberg","doi":"10.1177/16118944221130222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944221130222","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to explain why and how two formerly hostile states such as the USSR and West Germany concluded a gas deal in 1970 that lasted not only the 20 years that had been initially contracted, but until 2022. Based on new documents from Russian archives, this paper will analyse how natural gas for the Politburo turned from a minor natural resource to a worthy political tool and a ‘soft power’. While the Soviet gas minister had already advocated the global sale of gas in 1966 and the Politburo used it in 1966 itself as a means to bind Austria to its sphere of influence, Moscow changed its mind towards West Germany only in 1969 due to political developments. In order to bring Willy Brandt to power, put China in its place and teach Italy a lesson, Moscow changed its policy towards West Germany from risk avoidance to danger containment. Both sides independently developed the idea that binding the other's market to their own would prevent the partner from imposing another embargo (the West) or stopping deliveries (the USSR). The entanglement of markets was supposed to serve as a guarantee for the reliability of the respective contractor – the result of which we see today.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"20 1","pages":"554 - 573"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45136410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
‘Patriotism is not just a Man’s Thing’: Right-wing Extremist Gender Policies within the so-called Identitarian Movement “爱国主义不只是男人的事”:所谓身份认同运动中的右翼极端主义性别政策
IF 0.5 3区 历史学 Q2 HISTORY Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/16118944221110714
J. Goetz
Taking an analysis of relevant statements and campaigns of the right-wing extremist group ‘Identitarian Movement’ in German-speaking countries as a starting point, this article will reconstruct their key narratives with regard to gender policy, and identify the discourses and forms of organization that are used to integrate women into the Identitarian context. An overview of the origins and characteristics of the Identitarians is followed by a classification of Identitarian gender policy into three phases: its beginning (2012–2015), its peak (2016–2018) and its demise (2019–2020). As can be seen, during the first years it had been necessary to negotiate fundamental questions of the group's gender concepts, whereas during the peak years the focus shifted to threat scenarios involving ‘our women’. At the same time, female activists started to find their own projects. Since 2019, however, the group has started to fall apart, women's issues have lost their appeal and women activists have been leaving. Notwithstanding this decline, the question still remains of what to make of the gender-political commitment of Identitarian women in the context of feminist debates.
本文以右翼极端组织“身份主义运动”(Identitarian Movement)在德语国家的相关言论和活动分析为出发点,将重构他们关于性别政策的关键叙事,并识别用于将女性融入身份主义语境的话语和组织形式。本文概述了认同主义者的起源和特征,并将认同主义者的性别政策分为三个阶段:开始阶段(2012-2015年)、高峰阶段(2016-2018年)和结束阶段(2019-2020年)。可以看出,在最初几年中,有必要就该集团性别概念的基本问题进行谈判,而在高峰时期,重点转移到涉及“我们的妇女”的威胁情景。与此同时,女性活动家开始寻找自己的项目。然而,自2019年以来,该组织开始分崩离析,女性问题失去了吸引力,女性活动人士纷纷离开。尽管出现了这种下降,但在女权主义辩论的背景下,如何看待认同主义女性的性别政治承诺仍然是一个问题。
{"title":"‘Patriotism is not just a Man’s Thing’: Right-wing Extremist Gender Policies within the so-called Identitarian Movement","authors":"J. Goetz","doi":"10.1177/16118944221110714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944221110714","url":null,"abstract":"Taking an analysis of relevant statements and campaigns of the right-wing extremist group ‘Identitarian Movement’ in German-speaking countries as a starting point, this article will reconstruct their key narratives with regard to gender policy, and identify the discourses and forms of organization that are used to integrate women into the Identitarian context. An overview of the origins and characteristics of the Identitarians is followed by a classification of Identitarian gender policy into three phases: its beginning (2012–2015), its peak (2016–2018) and its demise (2019–2020). As can be seen, during the first years it had been necessary to negotiate fundamental questions of the group's gender concepts, whereas during the peak years the focus shifted to threat scenarios involving ‘our women’. At the same time, female activists started to find their own projects. Since 2019, however, the group has started to fall apart, women's issues have lost their appeal and women activists have been leaving. Notwithstanding this decline, the question still remains of what to make of the gender-political commitment of Identitarian women in the context of feminist debates.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"20 1","pages":"389 - 406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46759000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Shielding the Market from the Masses: The Origins of Libertarian Anti-environmentalism in the 1960s and 1970s 保护市场不受大众的影响:20世纪60年代和70年代自由主义反环境主义的起源
IF 0.5 3区 历史学 Q2 HISTORY Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/16118944221113610
N. Olsen, R. Andersen
For decades, a large and influential group of free-market conservative think tanks has been pushing climate change scepticism, thereby contributing to a weakening of US commitment to environmental protection. What unite organizations such as the Cato Institute, the Heritage Foundation, the Heartland Institute and the Competitive Enterprise Institute is a libertarian commitment to free markets and low taxes, as well as a critique of ‘big government’. These positions form the ideological bedrock of free-market think tanks’ efforts to halt climate action. But what are the historical roots of anti-environmentalism in libertarian thought? In which contexts did it emerge, who gave voice to it, and what are the themes, arguments and beliefs underpinning it? This essay locates the roots of modern libertarian anti-environmentalism in the strong reactions of libertarian figureheads, such as Ayn Rand and Murray Rothbard, to the rise of environmentalism as a mass social movement and as a new area of government policy in the 1960s and 1970s. It shows how Rand and Rothbard perceived environmentalism as a collectivist leftist attempt to dismantle the American system of free enterprise capitalism and the whole of modern civilization in the name of environmental protection. In a fierce defence of modern industrial capitalism, Rand and
几十年来,一大批有影响力的自由市场保守派智库一直在推动对气候变化的怀疑,从而削弱了美国对环境保护的承诺。将卡托研究所、传统基金会、哈兰研究所和竞争企业研究所等组织联合起来的是对自由市场和低税收的自由主义承诺,以及对“大政府”的批评。这些立场构成了自由市场智库阻止气候行动的意识形态基础。但是,自由意志主义思想中反环境主义的历史根源是什么呢?它是在什么背景下出现的,谁发出了声音,支撑它的主题、论点和信仰是什么?这篇文章将现代自由意志主义反环境主义的根源定位于自由意志主义的名义领袖,如安·兰德和默里·罗斯巴德,对环境保护主义作为一场大规模社会运动和20世纪60年代和70年代政府政策的新领域的兴起的强烈反应。它显示了兰德和罗斯巴德如何将环境保护主义视为集体主义左派,试图以环境保护的名义拆除美国的自由企业资本主义制度和整个现代文明。在对现代工业资本主义的激烈辩护中,兰德和
{"title":"Shielding the Market from the Masses: The Origins of Libertarian Anti-environmentalism in the 1960s and 1970s","authors":"N. Olsen, R. Andersen","doi":"10.1177/16118944221113610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944221113610","url":null,"abstract":"For decades, a large and influential group of free-market conservative think tanks has been pushing climate change scepticism, thereby contributing to a weakening of US commitment to environmental protection. What unite organizations such as the Cato Institute, the Heritage Foundation, the Heartland Institute and the Competitive Enterprise Institute is a libertarian commitment to free markets and low taxes, as well as a critique of ‘big government’. These positions form the ideological bedrock of free-market think tanks’ efforts to halt climate action. But what are the historical roots of anti-environmentalism in libertarian thought? In which contexts did it emerge, who gave voice to it, and what are the themes, arguments and beliefs underpinning it? This essay locates the roots of modern libertarian anti-environmentalism in the strong reactions of libertarian figureheads, such as Ayn Rand and Murray Rothbard, to the rise of environmentalism as a mass social movement and as a new area of government policy in the 1960s and 1970s. It shows how Rand and Rothbard perceived environmentalism as a collectivist leftist attempt to dismantle the American system of free enterprise capitalism and the whole of modern civilization in the name of environmental protection. In a fierce defence of modern industrial capitalism, Rand and","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"20 1","pages":"304 - 310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41809911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Decarbonization, Democracy and Climate Justice: The Connections Between African Mining and European Politics 脱碳、民主与气候正义:非洲矿业与欧洲政治的联系
IF 0.5 3区 历史学 Q2 HISTORY Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/16118944221113607
Iva Peša
The troubling reality is that the abundance of our natural resources – coltan, cobalt and other strategic minerals – is the root cause of war, extreme violence and abject poverty. [ … When you your electric you use your smart phone or jewellery, a minute to fl ect on the human cost of these objects. [ …
令人不安的现实是,我们丰富的自然资源——钶钽铁矿石、钴和其他战略矿产——是战争、极端暴力和赤贫的根源。[…当你用电时,你会使用智能手机或珠宝,花一分钟时间来思考这些物品的人力成本。[…
{"title":"Decarbonization, Democracy and Climate Justice: The Connections Between African Mining and European Politics","authors":"Iva Peša","doi":"10.1177/16118944221113607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944221113607","url":null,"abstract":"The troubling reality is that the abundance of our natural resources – coltan, cobalt and other strategic minerals – is the root cause of war, extreme violence and abject poverty. [ … When you your electric you use your smart phone or jewellery, a minute to fl ect on the human cost of these objects. [ …","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"20 1","pages":"299 - 303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49636550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Modern European History
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1