Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00447471.2021.1989263
Y. Espiritu
I didn’t know I was missing it until I had it. The “it” here refers to the profound intellectual companionship forged with members of the Critical Refugee Studies Collective (CRSC) as we bring our whole refugee selves – our family secrets, memory gaps, and private grief as well as our creative energy, critical thinking, and improvised practices – to the work of building a field of study for and with displaced human beings. When we launched the CRSC in 2017, I had already spent close to three decades building Asian American studies as a scholar and teacher. And yet, for most of that time, I had deferred, deflected, and decentered my experiences as a refugee from Việt Nam. In truth, I did not know how to tell the story of Vietnamese refugees – how to highlight the ongoing costs of war without reducing us to mere victims, even if our losses have been significant? Having received my doctoral training in sociology, I knew that I did not want to replicate that field’s treatment of Vietnamese refugees as a problem of immigrant integration. But I was less clear on how to engage Asian American studies, whose understanding of the Vietnam War and Vietnamese refugees have long been more about Asian America than about Vietnam and its displaced people. As a Vietnamese refugee scholar, I am disheartened that Vietnamese lives, histories, and politics continue to be peripheral to the field of Asian American studies. It is not that Asian American scholars are disinterested in the Vietnam War; it is more that their retelling of the war is more about Asian America than about Vietnam(ese). In these retellings, the Vietnam War was a pivotal event that radicalized their identities and politics, forging their racial consciousness as “Asian American.” As an Asian American activist declared, “As long as there are U.S. troops in Asia, as long as the U.S. government and the military wage wars of aggression against Asian people . . . racism against them is often racism against us.” Accordingly, in her study of the Asian American Movement, Karen L. Ishizuka notes that “it was no accident that Asian America was born at the peak of the Vietnam War.” However inadvertently, the focus on the Vietnam War as an Asian American event – a site for Asian American political awakening – elides the long-lasting costs of the war on Vietnamese bodies and psyches. As Nguyen-Vo Thu Huong poignantly observes, “Vietnamese Americans as refugees occupy the position of self-mourners because no one else mourns us.” Moreover, the common reference to the U.S. war in Southeast Asia as the Vietnam War semantically locates that war, and all that it connotes, geographically in Việt
我不知道我想念它，直到我拥有它。这里的“它”指的是与批判性难民研究集体(CRSC)成员之间深厚的智力友谊，因为我们把我们的整个难民自我——我们的家庭秘密、记忆缺口、私人悲伤，以及我们的创造力、批判性思维和即兴实践——带到为流离失所的人建立一个研究领域的工作中。当我们在2017年启动CRSC时，我已经花了近三十年的时间来建立亚裔美国人研究，作为一名学者和教师。然而，在那段时间的大部分时间里，我把自己作为Việt Nam难民的经历推迟、转移、分散了。事实上，我不知道如何讲述越南难民的故事——如何突出战争的持续成本，而不把我们变成仅仅是受害者，即使我们的损失已经很大?在接受社会学博士培训后，我知道我不想复制该领域将越南难民视为移民融合问题的做法。但我不太清楚如何参与亚裔美国人研究，长期以来，亚裔美国人对越南战争和越南难民的理解更多地是关于亚裔美国人，而不是越南及其流离失所者。作为一名越南难民学者，越南人的生活、历史和政治仍然是亚裔美国人研究领域的边缘，这让我感到沮丧。并不是亚裔美国学者对越南战争不感兴趣;更重要的是，他们对战争的重述更多地是关于亚裔美国人，而不是越南人。在这些复述中，越南战争是一个关键事件，使他们的身份和政治变得激进，塑造了他们作为“亚裔美国人”的种族意识。正如一位亚裔美国激进分子所宣称的那样，“只要美国军队在亚洲，只要美国政府和军队对亚洲人民发动侵略战争……”针对他们的种族主义往往就是针对我们的种族主义。”因此，Karen L. Ishizuka在她对亚裔美国人运动的研究中指出，“亚裔美国人出生在越南战争的高峰期并非偶然。”然而，不经意间，把越南战争作为一个亚裔美国人的事件——一个亚裔美国人政治觉醒的场所——的关注忽略了战争对越南人身体和精神的长期代价。正如Nguyen-Vo Thu Huong尖锐地指出的那样，“越南裔美国难民占据了自悼者的位置，因为没有其他人哀悼我们。”此外，通常将美国在东南亚的战争称为越南战争，在语义上将这场战争及其所隐含的一切放在Việt
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Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00447471.2021.1993765
Dena Al-Adeeb
ABSTRACT “A Letter to My Daughter: An Archive of Future Memories” is a multimedia project about a mother-daughter charting the interconnections between a trilogy of familial forced displacements and their relationship to pivotal moments in contemporary Iraqi/diasporic and American histories, the ongoing living effects of U.S. military interventions, and their ever-evolving effect on intergenerational relations. The multimedia project weaves performance, letter writing, video art, and installation toward bearing witness to the textures of war-based displacement and racialized dispossession, especially in the moment of exile; it also identifies the often convoluted, fragmented, and post memories that accompany transnational migration and refugee movement.
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Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00447471.2021.1992091
Tamara C. Ho
ABSTRACT This essay examines the resettlement of Burmese refugees in the United States through the lens of food. Looking specifically at Christian community gardens, corporatized meat processing, a feature film, and nonfiction book, I analyze how Karen refugees have participated in U.S. food economies and investigate processes of selective and serial migration, religion, representation, and community-building. “Critically juxtaposing” two different, although related, case studies enables a preliminary mapping of how refugees from Burma/Myanmar have resettled in the United States in the early twenty-first century, with a focus on legibility, racialization, traditional ecological knowledge (TEK), and mutual aid.
{"title":"BurmAmerican Foodscapes: Refugee Re-settlement and Resilience","authors":"Tamara C. Ho","doi":"10.1080/00447471.2021.1992091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00447471.2021.1992091","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This essay examines the resettlement of Burmese refugees in the United States through the lens of food. Looking specifically at Christian community gardens, corporatized meat processing, a feature film, and nonfiction book, I analyze how Karen refugees have participated in U.S. food economies and investigate processes of selective and serial migration, religion, representation, and community-building. “Critically juxtaposing” two different, although related, case studies enables a preliminary mapping of how refugees from Burma/Myanmar have resettled in the United States in the early twenty-first century, with a focus on legibility, racialization, traditional ecological knowledge (TEK), and mutual aid.","PeriodicalId":44285,"journal":{"name":"AMERASIA JOURNAL","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44618538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00447471.2021.1974781
Maysa Vang, Kit W. Myers
ABSTRACT This article analyzes the tenuous relationship between refugees and African Americans, specifically Hmong Americans in relation to Black Lives Matter following the murder of George Floyd by four Minneapolis police officers, one of whom is Hmong. We argue that Hmong expose the messiness of race relations in the U.S. due to their implication as a U.S. ally in Southeast Asia. While Hmong refugees/Americans can be called to enact violence on behalf of the U.S. militarized state, Hmong American activists refuse the reprised role of the ally, insisting on justice for Floyd and other Black people killed by the police.
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I didn’t know I was missing it until I had it. The “it” here refers to the profound intellectual companionship forged with members of the Critical Refugee Studies Collective (CRSC) as we bring our whole refugee selves – our family secrets, memory gaps, and private grief as well as our creative energy, critical thinking, and improvised practices – to the work of building a field of study for and with displaced human beings. When we launched the CRSC in 2017, I had already spent close to three decades building Asian American studies as a scholar and teacher. And yet, for most of that time, I had deferred, deflected, and decentered my experiences as a refugee from Việt Nam. In truth, I did not know how to tell the story of Vietnamese refugees – how to highlight the ongoing costs of war without reducing us to mere victims, even if our losses have been significant? Having received my doctoral training in sociology, I knew that I did not want to replicate that field’s treatment of Vietnamese refugees as a problem of immigrant integration. But I was less clear on how to engage Asian American studies, whose understanding of the Vietnam War and Vietnamese refugees have long been more about Asian America than about Vietnam and its displaced people. As a Vietnamese refugee scholar, I am disheartened that Vietnamese lives, histories, and politics continue to be peripheral to the field of Asian American studies. It is not that Asian American scholars are disinterested in the Vietnam War; it is more that their retelling of the war is more about Asian America than about Vietnam(ese). In these retellings, the Vietnam War was a pivotal event that radicalized their identities and politics, forging their racial consciousness as “Asian American.” As an Asian American activist declared, “As long as there are U.S. troops in Asia, as long as the U.S. government and the military wage wars of aggression against Asian people . . . racism against them is often racism against us.” Accordingly, in her study of the Asian American Movement, Karen L. Ishizuka notes that “it was no accident that Asian America was born at the peak of the Vietnam War.” However inadvertently, the focus on the Vietnam War as an Asian American event – a site for Asian American political awakening – elides the long-lasting costs of the war on Vietnamese bodies and psyches. As Nguyen-Vo Thu Huong poignantly observes, “Vietnamese Americans as refugees occupy the position of self-mourners because no one else mourns us.” Moreover, the common reference to the U.S. war in Southeast Asia as the Vietnam War semantically locates that war, and all that it connotes, geographically in Việt
我不知道我想念它，直到我拥有它。这里的“它”指的是与批判性难民研究集体(CRSC)成员之间深厚的智力友谊，因为我们把我们的整个难民自我——我们的家庭秘密、记忆缺口、私人悲伤，以及我们的创造力、批判性思维和即兴实践——带到为流离失所的人建立一个研究领域的工作中。当我们在2017年启动CRSC时，我已经花了近三十年的时间来建立亚裔美国人研究，作为一名学者和教师。然而，在那段时间的大部分时间里，我把自己作为Việt Nam难民的经历推迟、转移、分散了。事实上，我不知道如何讲述越南难民的故事——如何突出战争的持续成本，而不把我们变成仅仅是受害者，即使我们的损失已经很大?在接受社会学博士培训后，我知道我不想复制该领域将越南难民视为移民融合问题的做法。但我不太清楚如何参与亚裔美国人研究，长期以来，亚裔美国人对越南战争和越南难民的理解更多地是关于亚裔美国人，而不是越南及其流离失所者。作为一名越南难民学者，越南人的生活、历史和政治仍然是亚裔美国人研究领域的边缘，这让我感到沮丧。并不是亚裔美国学者对越南战争不感兴趣;更重要的是，他们对战争的重述更多地是关于亚裔美国人，而不是越南人。在这些复述中，越南战争是一个关键事件，使他们的身份和政治变得激进，塑造了他们作为“亚裔美国人”的种族意识。正如一位亚裔美国激进分子所宣称的那样，“只要美国军队在亚洲，只要美国政府和军队对亚洲人民发动侵略战争……”针对他们的种族主义往往就是针对我们的种族主义。”因此，Karen L. Ishizuka在她对亚裔美国人运动的研究中指出，“亚裔美国人出生在越南战争的高峰期并非偶然。”然而，不经意间，把越南战争作为一个亚裔美国人的事件——一个亚裔美国人政治觉醒的场所——的关注忽略了战争对越南人身体和精神的长期代价。正如Nguyen-Vo Thu Huong尖锐地指出的那样，“越南裔美国难民占据了自悼者的位置，因为没有其他人哀悼我们。”此外，通常将美国在东南亚的战争称为越南战争，在语义上将这场战争及其所隐含的一切放在Việt
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Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00447471.2021.1974280
Jennifer Tran
ABSTRACT “Becoming Tender” invites readers to rethink intergenerational refugee relations. Rather than solely focusing on refugee parents and their failings, as commonly expressed in scholarly works, becoming tender necessitates children recognizing the perspectives and biases they bring into conversations with parents that impede empathetic connection and value for refugee knowledge. This two-way softening serves as a praxis to rewrite how refugee families have been represented by dominant discourse while also encouraging readers to answer the call to tend to their familial ties. Critical examination of intergenerational engagement between refugees and their children may illuminate unexpected enactments of refugee knowing and healing.
{"title":"On Becoming Tender: Conversations with My Father","authors":"Jennifer Tran","doi":"10.1080/00447471.2021.1974280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00447471.2021.1974280","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT “Becoming Tender” invites readers to rethink intergenerational refugee relations. Rather than solely focusing on refugee parents and their failings, as commonly expressed in scholarly works, becoming tender necessitates children recognizing the perspectives and biases they bring into conversations with parents that impede empathetic connection and value for refugee knowledge. This two-way softening serves as a praxis to rewrite how refugee families have been represented by dominant discourse while also encouraging readers to answer the call to tend to their familial ties. Critical examination of intergenerational engagement between refugees and their children may illuminate unexpected enactments of refugee knowing and healing.","PeriodicalId":44285,"journal":{"name":"AMERASIA JOURNAL","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48539946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00447471.2021.1976025
Thúy Võ Đặng, Thao Ha, T. Nguyen
ABSTRACT This collection of essays explores the experiences of Vietnamese American women scholar-activists navigating the complexities of antiracist work within the Vietnamese American community. Each essay discusses the gendered and generational disciplining faced by the authors while doing social justice work and reflects on the choices they made in response. Attentive to the historical forces that have shaped the Vietnamese American community, the authors advocate for building bridges and fostering spaces of compassionate and radical care.
{"title":"Conflict and Care: Vietnamese American Women and the Dynamics of Social Justice Work","authors":"Thúy Võ Đặng, Thao Ha, T. Nguyen","doi":"10.1080/00447471.2021.1976025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00447471.2021.1976025","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This collection of essays explores the experiences of Vietnamese American women scholar-activists navigating the complexities of antiracist work within the Vietnamese American community. Each essay discusses the gendered and generational disciplining faced by the authors while doing social justice work and reflects on the choices they made in response. Attentive to the historical forces that have shaped the Vietnamese American community, the authors advocate for building bridges and fostering spaces of compassionate and radical care.","PeriodicalId":44285,"journal":{"name":"AMERASIA JOURNAL","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47486002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00447471.2021.1991750
Yazan Zahzah
ABSTRACT This essay utilizes a transnational framework to introduce the concept of warcare, which I define as the co-constitutive relationship between humanitarian work and counterinsurgency, by exploring the enactment of Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) counterinsurgency in San Diego as an extension of the U.S. War on Terror. I identify the rhetoric put forth by CVE programming and examine the material impact its programming has on refugees in the U.S. as well as communities in countries militarized by the United States. In doing so, I analyze the symbiotic relationship between militarization, displacement, and humanitarian work.
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Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00447471.2021.1994281
L. Sharif
ABSTRACT A feminist refugee epistemology is about naming the affective and material nonendings and afterlives of colonial and imperial violence on refugee terms, as well as foregrounding the polylithic subjectivities that constitute “refugee.” Composed at the heels of war’s declared ending and during a global pandemic, I discuss a feminist collaboration with Dr. Yến Lê Espiritu and artwork by Mary Hazboun. I then discuss the nonendings and afterlives of the War on Terror, ending with a reflection on the importance of Palestine and Indigenous epistemologies in the study of displacement, and the U.S. academy’s response to the 2021 Gaza massacre.
{"title":"Afterwards and Other Non-Endings: Palestine, Afghanistan, and the Afterlives of War","authors":"L. Sharif","doi":"10.1080/00447471.2021.1994281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00447471.2021.1994281","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A feminist refugee epistemology is about naming the affective and material nonendings and afterlives of colonial and imperial violence on refugee terms, as well as foregrounding the polylithic subjectivities that constitute “refugee.” Composed at the heels of war’s declared ending and during a global pandemic, I discuss a feminist collaboration with Dr. Yến Lê Espiritu and artwork by Mary Hazboun. I then discuss the nonendings and afterlives of the War on Terror, ending with a reflection on the importance of Palestine and Indigenous epistemologies in the study of displacement, and the U.S. academy’s response to the 2021 Gaza massacre.","PeriodicalId":44285,"journal":{"name":"AMERASIA JOURNAL","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45316056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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