Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1109/iemtronics55184.2022.9795749
N. Meshram, G. Prasad, Divaker Sharma, Bipin Chandra Mandi
The rapid development of battery-powered gadgets has made low-power design a priority in recent years. In addition, integrated SRAM units in contemporary soCs have become an essential component. The increased number of transistors in SRAM units and the increased leakage in scaled technology of the MOS transistors have turned the SRAM unit into a power block from dynamic and static perspectives. This memory circuitry consumes many chips and determines the system’s overall power consumption. Typically, the primary 6T SRAM cell gives more power loss and delay. In this paper, various SRAM transistor cells have been built and analyzed from different topologies. A proposed low-power 9T SRAM cell area has improved reading and writing access time. As anticipated from the modeling findings, experimental results show a significant overall power decrease compared to traditional and previously published.
{"title":"Low-Power and High Speed SRAM for Ultra Low Power Applications","authors":"N. Meshram, G. Prasad, Divaker Sharma, Bipin Chandra Mandi","doi":"10.1109/iemtronics55184.2022.9795749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iemtronics55184.2022.9795749","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid development of battery-powered gadgets has made low-power design a priority in recent years. In addition, integrated SRAM units in contemporary soCs have become an essential component. The increased number of transistors in SRAM units and the increased leakage in scaled technology of the MOS transistors have turned the SRAM unit into a power block from dynamic and static perspectives. This memory circuitry consumes many chips and determines the system’s overall power consumption. Typically, the primary 6T SRAM cell gives more power loss and delay. In this paper, various SRAM transistor cells have been built and analyzed from different topologies. A proposed low-power 9T SRAM cell area has improved reading and writing access time. As anticipated from the modeling findings, experimental results show a significant overall power decrease compared to traditional and previously published.","PeriodicalId":442879,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International IOT, Electronics and Mechatronics Conference (IEMTRONICS)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128514598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1109/iemtronics55184.2022.9795841
Shahrzad Ghasemi, S. Mahmoud
This work presents a CMOS temperature sensor interface based on a second-generation current conveyor (CCII) and a transimpedance amplifier (TIA) with a high linear and temperature-independent pseudo-resistor. Since the LED in optogenetic implantable devices generates heat, a temperature sensor is required to monitor the temperature. Thus, the reverse current of the LED can be employed as its own sensing element. This paper will utilize the LED reverse current as a temperature-sensitive parameter (TSP) to sense the junction temperature. The sensor interface operates under a supply voltage of ±0.6 V. The reverse current driving capability is ±1.7 µA. The total power consumption of the CMOS sensor interface is 192 µW. The circuit provides an operational frequency of up to 2.08 MHz. The transimpedance gain of the proposed temperature sensor interface is equal to 300×103 V/A. The proposed circuit is designed using 90 nm CMOS technology and simulated using LTspice.
{"title":"Analog Front-End CMOS Temperature Sensor Interface for Optogenetic Devices","authors":"Shahrzad Ghasemi, S. Mahmoud","doi":"10.1109/iemtronics55184.2022.9795841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iemtronics55184.2022.9795841","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a CMOS temperature sensor interface based on a second-generation current conveyor (CCII) and a transimpedance amplifier (TIA) with a high linear and temperature-independent pseudo-resistor. Since the LED in optogenetic implantable devices generates heat, a temperature sensor is required to monitor the temperature. Thus, the reverse current of the LED can be employed as its own sensing element. This paper will utilize the LED reverse current as a temperature-sensitive parameter (TSP) to sense the junction temperature. The sensor interface operates under a supply voltage of ±0.6 V. The reverse current driving capability is ±1.7 µA. The total power consumption of the CMOS sensor interface is 192 µW. The circuit provides an operational frequency of up to 2.08 MHz. The transimpedance gain of the proposed temperature sensor interface is equal to 300×103 V/A. The proposed circuit is designed using 90 nm CMOS technology and simulated using LTspice.","PeriodicalId":442879,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International IOT, Electronics and Mechatronics Conference (IEMTRONICS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129570429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1109/iemtronics55184.2022.9795761
Samyak Shrimali
Solid food waste is slowly accumulating around the world in landfills. This waste is hazardous to human health and our environment when it decomposes as it leads to widespread release of greenhouse gasses such as CO2 and methane. Composting household waste actively can put wasted food to good use by creating arable soil and help mitigate the waste crisis that causes climate change. But currently, the general public finds it hard to manage and classify exactly what item is compostable and non-compostable. Furthermore, there is lack of motivation, incentive, and community support for composting waste actively. This paper proposes CompostAI, a novel deep learning-based mobile application targeted to make community participation in composting easy and socially engaging. This application uses a Xception convolutional neural network (CNN) model to classify waste into seven categories: compost, paper, cardboard, glass, metal, trash, plastic. The Xception model demonstrated optimal performance as it had the highest accuracy of 78.43% and F1 score of 81.22 out of the six CNN model trained, validated, and tested. CompostAI also has supplemental features that include allowing users to announce local sustainability events, find nearby composting centers, and learn new sustainable living techniques. CompostAI successfully makes community participation in composting easy and socially engaging, increasing composting rates and mitigating the detrimental waste crisis that leads to climate change.
{"title":"A Novel Multifaceted Deep Learning-Based Mobile Application for Accurate and Efficient Waste Classification and Increased Composting Engagement in Communities","authors":"Samyak Shrimali","doi":"10.1109/iemtronics55184.2022.9795761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iemtronics55184.2022.9795761","url":null,"abstract":"Solid food waste is slowly accumulating around the world in landfills. This waste is hazardous to human health and our environment when it decomposes as it leads to widespread release of greenhouse gasses such as CO2 and methane. Composting household waste actively can put wasted food to good use by creating arable soil and help mitigate the waste crisis that causes climate change. But currently, the general public finds it hard to manage and classify exactly what item is compostable and non-compostable. Furthermore, there is lack of motivation, incentive, and community support for composting waste actively. This paper proposes CompostAI, a novel deep learning-based mobile application targeted to make community participation in composting easy and socially engaging. This application uses a Xception convolutional neural network (CNN) model to classify waste into seven categories: compost, paper, cardboard, glass, metal, trash, plastic. The Xception model demonstrated optimal performance as it had the highest accuracy of 78.43% and F1 score of 81.22 out of the six CNN model trained, validated, and tested. CompostAI also has supplemental features that include allowing users to announce local sustainability events, find nearby composting centers, and learn new sustainable living techniques. CompostAI successfully makes community participation in composting easy and socially engaging, increasing composting rates and mitigating the detrimental waste crisis that leads to climate change.","PeriodicalId":442879,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International IOT, Electronics and Mechatronics Conference (IEMTRONICS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130088482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1109/iemtronics55184.2022.9795728
M. Sakthivel, Utpol Tarafdar
Resistive, potentiometric type of transducers find lots of applications in angle sensing due to their simple operation and linear outputs. However, they have a major disadvantage that their wiper undergoes wear and tear in course of time. So, a floating wiper is the solution to this problem. Hence in one of the previous works, a new non-contact potentiometric transducer was developed by the authors by modifying a conventional, contact-type resistive transducer. As the wiper is now floating with respect to its fixed terminals, an air gap capacitance got included in the equivalent circuit of this transducer and therefore, to get linear results from it, a novel signal conditioning circuit was developed by the authors. The principle of operation of this circuit has been discussed in a follow-on paper by the authors. This paper is a continuation of these previous works and it reports the performance analysis conducted on this sensor for a few features.
{"title":"Performance Analysis of a New Non-contact, Potentiometric Angle Sensor","authors":"M. Sakthivel, Utpol Tarafdar","doi":"10.1109/iemtronics55184.2022.9795728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iemtronics55184.2022.9795728","url":null,"abstract":"Resistive, potentiometric type of transducers find lots of applications in angle sensing due to their simple operation and linear outputs. However, they have a major disadvantage that their wiper undergoes wear and tear in course of time. So, a floating wiper is the solution to this problem. Hence in one of the previous works, a new non-contact potentiometric transducer was developed by the authors by modifying a conventional, contact-type resistive transducer. As the wiper is now floating with respect to its fixed terminals, an air gap capacitance got included in the equivalent circuit of this transducer and therefore, to get linear results from it, a novel signal conditioning circuit was developed by the authors. The principle of operation of this circuit has been discussed in a follow-on paper by the authors. This paper is a continuation of these previous works and it reports the performance analysis conducted on this sensor for a few features.","PeriodicalId":442879,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International IOT, Electronics and Mechatronics Conference (IEMTRONICS)","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132954981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1109/iemtronics55184.2022.9795739
Dana Terrazas-Rodas, Lisbeth Rocca-Huaman, César Ramírez-Amaya, Ángel E. Alvarez-Rodríguez
Disability is a condition that directly affects the natural performance of human abilities such as movement due to diseases such as cerebrovascular accident (CVA), spinal cord injury (SCI), among others. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than a billion people, about 15% of the world's population, experience at least one form of disability caused by aging and the onset of multiple diseases. Lower limb exoskeletons are a set of links connected by joints that are used for multiple applications, including rehabilitation and/or assistance, especially for the elderly. In this recent review, several lower limb exoskeletons are analyzed in categories that are common requirements to propose conceptual designs of new exoskeletons such as the commercial name, the degrees of freedom (DoF), the mechanism that covers the part of the lower limb, the biosignal that controls the functions of the exoskeleton of the lower limbs, the characteristics of the test subjects that participated in the clinical evaluations, the pathology of the end users or potential clients, the application for which they are being designed and the Technological Readiness Level (TRL) which is a NASA measurement scale.
{"title":"Lower-Limb Exoskeleton Systems for Rehabilitation and/or Assistance: A Review","authors":"Dana Terrazas-Rodas, Lisbeth Rocca-Huaman, César Ramírez-Amaya, Ángel E. Alvarez-Rodríguez","doi":"10.1109/iemtronics55184.2022.9795739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iemtronics55184.2022.9795739","url":null,"abstract":"Disability is a condition that directly affects the natural performance of human abilities such as movement due to diseases such as cerebrovascular accident (CVA), spinal cord injury (SCI), among others. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than a billion people, about 15% of the world's population, experience at least one form of disability caused by aging and the onset of multiple diseases. Lower limb exoskeletons are a set of links connected by joints that are used for multiple applications, including rehabilitation and/or assistance, especially for the elderly. In this recent review, several lower limb exoskeletons are analyzed in categories that are common requirements to propose conceptual designs of new exoskeletons such as the commercial name, the degrees of freedom (DoF), the mechanism that covers the part of the lower limb, the biosignal that controls the functions of the exoskeleton of the lower limbs, the characteristics of the test subjects that participated in the clinical evaluations, the pathology of the end users or potential clients, the application for which they are being designed and the Technological Readiness Level (TRL) which is a NASA measurement scale.","PeriodicalId":442879,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International IOT, Electronics and Mechatronics Conference (IEMTRONICS)","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132334099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1109/iemtronics55184.2022.9795710
T. Sugirtha, M. Sridevi
Scene understanding of urban streets is a crucial component in perception task of autonomous driving application. Semantic segmentation has been extensively used in scene understanding which further provides assistance in subsequent autonomous driving tasks like object detection, path planning and motion control. But, accurate semantic segmentation is a challenging task in computer vision. U-Net is a popular semantic segmentation network used for segmentation task. In this paper, we improve the accuracy of U-Net model by replacing its encoder part with Convolution Neural Network (CNN) architecture. We compared the performance of VGG-16 and ResNet-50 CNNarchitectures. Extensive analysis was performed on Cityscapes dataset and the results demonstrated U-Net with VGG16 encoder shows better performance than ResNet50 encoder. The model is compared with semantic segmentation CNN architectures like Fully Convolutional Network (FCN) and SegNet with mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) improved by 2%.
城市街道场景理解是自动驾驶应用感知任务的重要组成部分。语义分割在场景理解中得到了广泛的应用，进一步为后续的自动驾驶任务，如物体检测、路径规划和运动控制提供了帮助。但是，在计算机视觉中，准确的语义分割是一项具有挑战性的任务。U-Net是一种流行的语义分词网络，用于分词任务。本文采用卷积神经网络(CNN)结构代替U-Net模型的编码器部分，提高了U-Net模型的精度。我们比较了VGG-16和ResNet-50 cnn架构的性能。在cityscape数据集上进行了广泛的分析，结果表明使用VGG16编码器的U-Net比使用ResNet50编码器的U-Net具有更好的性能。该模型与全卷积网络(Fully Convolutional Network, FCN)和SegNet等语义分割CNN架构进行了比较，平均交联数(Intersection over Union, mIoU)提高了2%。
{"title":"Semantic Segmentation using Modified U-Net for Autonomous Driving","authors":"T. Sugirtha, M. Sridevi","doi":"10.1109/iemtronics55184.2022.9795710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iemtronics55184.2022.9795710","url":null,"abstract":"Scene understanding of urban streets is a crucial component in perception task of autonomous driving application. Semantic segmentation has been extensively used in scene understanding which further provides assistance in subsequent autonomous driving tasks like object detection, path planning and motion control. But, accurate semantic segmentation is a challenging task in computer vision. U-Net is a popular semantic segmentation network used for segmentation task. In this paper, we improve the accuracy of U-Net model by replacing its encoder part with Convolution Neural Network (CNN) architecture. We compared the performance of VGG-16 and ResNet-50 CNNarchitectures. Extensive analysis was performed on Cityscapes dataset and the results demonstrated U-Net with VGG16 encoder shows better performance than ResNet50 encoder. The model is compared with semantic segmentation CNN architectures like Fully Convolutional Network (FCN) and SegNet with mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) improved by 2%.","PeriodicalId":442879,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International IOT, Electronics and Mechatronics Conference (IEMTRONICS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130994742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1109/iemtronics55184.2022.9795708
Manish Snehi, A. Bhandari
The fusion of widespread IoT devices, highly adopted cloud services, and advanced network technologies has laid the foundation of Cyber-Physical Systems. However, the architecture is highly vulnerable due to weak security bound to IoT devices. The IoT devices have played a significant role in launching DDoS attacks, thereby making the state of affairs catastrophic. The attacks are novel and traditional systems are not efficient enough to address high volume and diverse attacks. The roadblock to researchers is the unavailability of an adequate number of datasets that apprehends the diversity of attacks. The paper describes the specifications of cyber-physical systems, description of IoT-DDoS attacks, and highlights the research challenges. The paper further collates and elucidates the IoT-DDoS datasets with a comparative analysis of the test environment, features offered, and statistical details of datasets. At the end of the paper, based on the dataset study, recommendations are proposed for dataset standardization and extracting most out of the datasets.
{"title":"IoT-based DDoS on Cyber Physical Systems: Research Challenges, Datasets and Future Prospects","authors":"Manish Snehi, A. Bhandari","doi":"10.1109/iemtronics55184.2022.9795708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iemtronics55184.2022.9795708","url":null,"abstract":"The fusion of widespread IoT devices, highly adopted cloud services, and advanced network technologies has laid the foundation of Cyber-Physical Systems. However, the architecture is highly vulnerable due to weak security bound to IoT devices. The IoT devices have played a significant role in launching DDoS attacks, thereby making the state of affairs catastrophic. The attacks are novel and traditional systems are not efficient enough to address high volume and diverse attacks. The roadblock to researchers is the unavailability of an adequate number of datasets that apprehends the diversity of attacks. The paper describes the specifications of cyber-physical systems, description of IoT-DDoS attacks, and highlights the research challenges. The paper further collates and elucidates the IoT-DDoS datasets with a comparative analysis of the test environment, features offered, and statistical details of datasets. At the end of the paper, based on the dataset study, recommendations are proposed for dataset standardization and extracting most out of the datasets.","PeriodicalId":442879,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International IOT, Electronics and Mechatronics Conference (IEMTRONICS)","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121299132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective of this paper is to design a suitable control algorithm for cooperative transportation of an object using multiple drones based on decentralized control technique. A terminal sliding mode control (TSMC) based algorithm for motion tracking of a system of multiple Quad-rotor type Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is proposed. TSMC is a novel class of sliding mode control giving rise to a finite time convergence of reduced order dynamics, delivering fast response, high precision, and strong robustness. A TSMC based robust cooperative control strategy is proposed for the system with multiple drones and individual control vectors are defined for controlling the combined system in presence of wind disturbances. The finite time convergence of control laws are proved using homogeneous Lyapunov function. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and superior performance over conventional sliding mode-based technique for the cooperative quad rotors to transport a common payload.
{"title":"Terminal Sliding Mode Control (TSMC) based Cooperative Load Transportation using Multiple Drones","authors":"Madhumita Pal, Subhojit Das, Rishav Kumar, Souhardya Das, Sagnik Banerjee, Sudhanshu Kumar Shekhar, S. Ghosh","doi":"10.1109/iemtronics55184.2022.9795736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iemtronics55184.2022.9795736","url":null,"abstract":"Objective of this paper is to design a suitable control algorithm for cooperative transportation of an object using multiple drones based on decentralized control technique. A terminal sliding mode control (TSMC) based algorithm for motion tracking of a system of multiple Quad-rotor type Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is proposed. TSMC is a novel class of sliding mode control giving rise to a finite time convergence of reduced order dynamics, delivering fast response, high precision, and strong robustness. A TSMC based robust cooperative control strategy is proposed for the system with multiple drones and individual control vectors are defined for controlling the combined system in presence of wind disturbances. The finite time convergence of control laws are proved using homogeneous Lyapunov function. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and superior performance over conventional sliding mode-based technique for the cooperative quad rotors to transport a common payload.","PeriodicalId":442879,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International IOT, Electronics and Mechatronics Conference (IEMTRONICS)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126597886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1109/iemtronics55184.2022.9795711
N. Jeffrey, Qing Tan, J. Villar
The Internet of Things (IoT) and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) are integrated systems that combine software and physical components. These integrated systems have experienced rapid growth over the past decade, from fields as disparate as telemedicine, smart manufacturing, autonomous vehicles, industrial control systems, smart power grids, remote laboratory environments, and many more. As IIoT becomes increasingly ubiquitous throughout supply chains, malicious attacks by hostile actors have grown exponentially in recent years. Attacks on critical national infrastructure (CNI) such as oil pipelines or electrical power grids have become commonplace, as increased connectivity to the public internet increases the attack surface of IIoT. This paper presents a review of the current academic literature describing the state of the art of the use of simulated environments and testbeds in the system development life cycle for IIoT environments, with a focus on the use of simulators for rapid iteration of security validation tests during the development process. As a new contribution, this paper also identifies outstanding challenges in the field, and maps selected challenges to potential solutions and/or opportunities for further research.
{"title":"Simulators and Testbeds for IIoT Development and Validation","authors":"N. Jeffrey, Qing Tan, J. Villar","doi":"10.1109/iemtronics55184.2022.9795711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iemtronics55184.2022.9795711","url":null,"abstract":"The Internet of Things (IoT) and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) are integrated systems that combine software and physical components. These integrated systems have experienced rapid growth over the past decade, from fields as disparate as telemedicine, smart manufacturing, autonomous vehicles, industrial control systems, smart power grids, remote laboratory environments, and many more. As IIoT becomes increasingly ubiquitous throughout supply chains, malicious attacks by hostile actors have grown exponentially in recent years. Attacks on critical national infrastructure (CNI) such as oil pipelines or electrical power grids have become commonplace, as increased connectivity to the public internet increases the attack surface of IIoT. This paper presents a review of the current academic literature describing the state of the art of the use of simulated environments and testbeds in the system development life cycle for IIoT environments, with a focus on the use of simulators for rapid iteration of security validation tests during the development process. As a new contribution, this paper also identifies outstanding challenges in the field, and maps selected challenges to potential solutions and/or opportunities for further research.","PeriodicalId":442879,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International IOT, Electronics and Mechatronics Conference (IEMTRONICS)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116133848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1109/iemtronics55184.2022.9795700
Minakshi Boruah, Ranjita Das
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is one of the variants of the retrovirus that integrates into the human genome and affects the human immune system. HIV-1 is the common HIV that is studied. Previous studies have revealed that the HIV integration site plays a key role in the treatment of the fatal disease as it is critical in the latent viral reservoir formation process. This reservoir is the roadblock in the search of a cure to HIV. The whole life cycle of the virus depends on this site. In the clinical studies pertaining to the provirus integration sites, a wealth of data is collected from routine clinical care of HIV patients in the form of medical records to analyze HIV integration targeting to combat the immunity to antiretroviral therapy (ART). A novel futuristic review of the researches done on HIV, particularly on works done to analyse the integration sites, has been presented here. This study concludes that building upon previously collected data and progressing towards improvement by the incorporation of the latest technologies will unravel new information that can help in the betterment of the future prospectives of a breakthrough in the cure of HIV/AIDS.
{"title":"Developments Pertaining to the Characteristics of the Sites of HIV Integration Highlighting its role in Clinical Research and its Future with AI: A Review","authors":"Minakshi Boruah, Ranjita Das","doi":"10.1109/iemtronics55184.2022.9795700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iemtronics55184.2022.9795700","url":null,"abstract":"Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is one of the variants of the retrovirus that integrates into the human genome and affects the human immune system. HIV-1 is the common HIV that is studied. Previous studies have revealed that the HIV integration site plays a key role in the treatment of the fatal disease as it is critical in the latent viral reservoir formation process. This reservoir is the roadblock in the search of a cure to HIV. The whole life cycle of the virus depends on this site. In the clinical studies pertaining to the provirus integration sites, a wealth of data is collected from routine clinical care of HIV patients in the form of medical records to analyze HIV integration targeting to combat the immunity to antiretroviral therapy (ART). A novel futuristic review of the researches done on HIV, particularly on works done to analyse the integration sites, has been presented here. This study concludes that building upon previously collected data and progressing towards improvement by the incorporation of the latest technologies will unravel new information that can help in the betterment of the future prospectives of a breakthrough in the cure of HIV/AIDS.","PeriodicalId":442879,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International IOT, Electronics and Mechatronics Conference (IEMTRONICS)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116655855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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