Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.56
Zaidoon Ahmad Alathami
The sunflower represents a significant economic annual plant (oilproducing and edible). Even though the sunflower is categorized as one of the most salt-tolerant plant types and is treated as a significant plant in saline soil reclamation, the rate of its photosynthetic and growth are adversely influenced by high levels of salt in the soil, significantly when the groundwater level rises on the soil surface, which in turn causes the raising of soil salinity. Therefore, there is a critical need to control salt accumulation to increase sunflower crop yields. An evaluation of the impact of asphalt material, soil salinity, groundwater table depth, and soluble ions on the growth of sunflower crops is presented in this paper. Several treatments were used in this study: asphalt material, bitumen material, and controlling treatment. The experiments were conducted, calibrated, and validated during the season of spring 2019. The results show a considerable reduction in soil salinity and groundwater table depth regarding the asphalt material control aspect, thus increasing the growth properties of the sunflower crops. Keywords: Growth of Sunflower, Asphalt and Bitumen Materials, Soil Salinity, Soluble Ions, Groundwater Table Depth.
{"title":"The Impact Of Asphalt Material And Soil Salinity On Crop Growth\u0000Of Sunflower","authors":"Zaidoon Ahmad Alathami","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.56","url":null,"abstract":"The sunflower represents a significant economic annual plant (oilproducing and edible). Even though the sunflower is categorized as one of the\u0000most salt-tolerant plant types and is treated as a significant plant in saline soil reclamation, the rate of its photosynthetic and growth are adversely influenced by\u0000high levels of salt in the soil, significantly when the groundwater level rises on\u0000the soil surface, which in turn causes the raising of soil salinity. Therefore, there\u0000is a critical need to control salt accumulation to increase sunflower crop yields.\u0000An evaluation of the impact of asphalt material, soil salinity, groundwater table\u0000depth, and soluble ions on the growth of sunflower crops is presented in this paper. Several treatments were used in this study: asphalt material, bitumen material, and controlling treatment. The experiments were conducted, calibrated, and\u0000validated during the season of spring 2019. The results show a considerable reduction in soil salinity and groundwater table depth regarding the asphalt material\u0000control aspect, thus increasing the growth properties of the sunflower crops.\u0000Keywords: Growth of Sunflower, Asphalt and Bitumen Materials, Soil Salinity,\u0000Soluble Ions, Groundwater Table Depth.","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132210091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.34
Deema K. Mostafa, I. Ghanim Abdulwahhab, Najwa Shihab Ahmed
Giardia lamblia, also known as (Giardia duodenalis or Giardia intestinalis) is the causative agent of giardiasis, and it is the most common parasitic diarrheal disease that affects humans and more than 40 species of other mammals. The study recorded (17) positive cases of Giardia infection out of a total of (47) samples diagnosed microscopically for pediatric patients arriving at Tikrit General Hospital from nearby areas. The results showed that the percentage of positive cases of infection with the Giardia parasite amounted to (36.2%) for PCR, as significant differences appeared when compared with the microscopic examination ( P value< 0.05). Also, the rates of infection with the parasite varied between males and females, and the percentage of infection in males reached (53.2%), while the percentage of infection in females was (43.14%); the results showed the relationship between infection and Giardia by age groups less than one year, where the percentage amounted to 44.6%, followed by the age group 1-2 years, the percentage reached 31.9%, and the lowest percentage was in the age group 3- 4 years 10.6%.PCR technique diagnosed the specific region within the DNA of the parasite Giardia using special primers for the encoded gene (for Giardia2029/Gia2150c) and (for Giardia). Also, it was sequenced and aligned. The isolate in the current study was 100% similar to the globally recorded isolate. In conclusion, the methods of detection of Giardia showed differences in positive results for this parasite. In addition, there are more infections in males than in females aged less than one year more infected than in other ages. Keywords: Giardia lamblia, Giardia2029/Gia2150c, Giardia gene
{"title":"Genetic identification of Giardia lamblia in children for Tikrit city, Iraq","authors":"Deema K. Mostafa, I. Ghanim Abdulwahhab, Najwa Shihab Ahmed","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.34","url":null,"abstract":"Giardia lamblia, also known as (Giardia duodenalis or Giardia intestinalis) is\u0000the causative agent of giardiasis, and it is the most common parasitic diarrheal\u0000disease that affects humans and more than 40 species of other mammals. The\u0000study recorded (17) positive cases of Giardia infection out of a total of (47) samples diagnosed microscopically for pediatric patients arriving at Tikrit General\u0000Hospital from nearby areas. The results showed that the percentage of positive\u0000cases of infection with the Giardia parasite amounted to (36.2%) for PCR, as\u0000significant differences appeared when compared with the microscopic examination ( P value< 0.05). Also, the rates of infection with the parasite varied between\u0000males and females, and the percentage of infection in males reached (53.2%),\u0000while the percentage of infection in females was (43.14%); the results showed the\u0000relationship between infection and Giardia by age groups less than one year,\u0000where the percentage amounted to 44.6%, followed by the age group 1-2 years,\u0000the percentage reached 31.9%, and the lowest percentage was in the age group 3-\u00004 years 10.6%.PCR technique diagnosed the specific region within the DNA of\u0000the parasite Giardia using special primers for the encoded gene (for Giardia2029/Gia2150c) and (for Giardia). Also, it was sequenced and aligned. The\u0000isolate in the current study was 100% similar to the globally recorded isolate. In\u0000conclusion, the methods of detection of Giardia showed differences in positive\u0000results for this parasite. In addition, there are more infections in males than in\u0000females aged less than one year more infected than in other ages.\u0000Keywords: Giardia lamblia, Giardia2029/Gia2150c, Giardia gene","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122623992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.42
Zahraa Khudhair Abbas Al-Khafaji, Hassanin Sabah Hashim, Maryam Jabbar Nasser, Mohammed A. Dabbi
At present, wide varieties of pesticides are being used, but the demand for Organophosphorus pesticides is increasing globally to control insects. Chlorpyrifos is a broad-spectrum, highly toxic, and chlorinated organophosphate insecticide that is synthetic in origin and is normally ester or thiol derivatives of phosphoric. The mode of action involves inhibiting acetyl-cholinesterase, leading to the accumulation of acetylcholine, causing neurotoxicity. Bacteria capable of degrading the pesticide chlorpyrifos were isolated from soil contaminated with pesticides. This way, three distinct chlorpyrifos degrading strains of p.mendocina were isolated and characterized using morphological and biochemical analysis. Strains exhibited the greatest chlorpyrifos degradation rate, reaching 100%, and were consequently selected for further investigation. Degradation of chlorpyrifos by strains was rapid at 20 and 37C. Bacteria species were able to effectively degrade chlorpyrifos in the sterilized medium using high inoculum levels. The maximum degradation rate of chlorpyrifos was calculated as 100% during 6-12 days. Bacteria such as strain PC1 that use chlorpyrifos as a carbon source could be employed for the biodegradation of sites contaminated with pesticides Keywords: Biodegradation, organophosphate, chlorpyrifos, Pseudomonas putida, Hplc.
{"title":"The efficiency of Pseudomonas mendocina in biodegradation of chlorpyrifos\u0000insecticides","authors":"Zahraa Khudhair Abbas Al-Khafaji, Hassanin Sabah Hashim, Maryam Jabbar Nasser, Mohammed A. Dabbi","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.42","url":null,"abstract":"At present, wide varieties of pesticides are being used, but the demand for Organophosphorus pesticides is increasing globally to control insects. Chlorpyrifos\u0000is a broad-spectrum, highly toxic, and chlorinated organophosphate insecticide\u0000that is synthetic in origin and is normally ester or thiol derivatives of phosphoric.\u0000The mode of action involves inhibiting acetyl-cholinesterase, leading to the accumulation of acetylcholine, causing neurotoxicity. Bacteria capable of degrading\u0000the pesticide chlorpyrifos were isolated from soil contaminated with pesticides.\u0000This way, three distinct chlorpyrifos degrading strains of p.mendocina were isolated and characterized using morphological and biochemical analysis. Strains\u0000exhibited the greatest chlorpyrifos degradation rate, reaching 100%, and were\u0000consequently selected for further investigation. Degradation of chlorpyrifos by\u0000strains was rapid at 20 and 37C. Bacteria species were able to effectively degrade\u0000chlorpyrifos in the sterilized medium using high inoculum levels. The maximum\u0000degradation rate of chlorpyrifos was calculated as 100% during 6-12 days. Bacteria such as strain PC1 that use chlorpyrifos as a carbon source could be employed\u0000for the biodegradation of sites contaminated with pesticides\u0000Keywords: Biodegradation, organophosphate, chlorpyrifos, Pseudomonas\u0000putida, Hplc.","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125354668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.22
Satar M. Kadam
The heart is subject to structural and functional changes with advancing age. Left ventricular compliance appears to decline with age, which could explain why the elderly have such a high rate of heart failure. Changes in heart function with age are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular death and morbidity. Various techniques have been used to measure the impact of age on heart structure and function. Subject and methods: The study included 221 healthy adult male and female volunteers (160 females and 61 males, 20–80 years of age). All healthy subjects volunteered to participate in this study. They were classified according to their age. All healthy subjects enrolled in the study underwent myocardial perfusion imaging following the 2-day rest–stress 99mTc sestamibi (GSPECT) protocol. At rest and during stress, end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, and ejection fraction using the GSPECT software were assessed both at rest and during stress for comparison. The following parameters were measured: left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The results show that the change in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) decreased during rest and stress in all age groups. In contrast, the change in left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) increased during stress and rest compared with the left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) for all ages. Results show a significant change in EDV, ESV, and EF% (16.49%, 30.35%, -7.49%) with p-value < 0.05 for the groups (20- 49). Also a significant change in EDV, ESV, and EF% (12.13%, 24.86%,-1.62%), respectively, with p-value <0.05. for age range (50-80) years. In conclusion, in people with no cardiac functional or structural problems, the aging process is linked to considerable alterations in left and right ventricular EF, ESV, and EDV. When assessing SPECT with 99mTc investigations, our findings highlight the need to adopt age-adapted data as a reference standard. Keywords: SPECT with 99mTC, Age, Hemodynamics, Rest and Stress
{"title":"The Left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular volumes assessed from 99mTC\u0000single photon emission tomography technique during stress and rest in relation to age in\u0000normal volunteer students.","authors":"Satar M. Kadam","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.22","url":null,"abstract":"The heart is subject to structural and functional changes with advancing age. Left\u0000ventricular compliance appears to decline with age, which could explain why the\u0000elderly have such a high rate of heart failure. Changes in heart function with age\u0000are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular death and morbidity. Various techniques have been used to measure the impact of age on heart structure and\u0000function. Subject and methods: The study included 221 healthy adult male and\u0000female volunteers (160 females and 61 males, 20–80 years of age). All healthy\u0000subjects volunteered to participate in this study. They were classified according to\u0000their age. All healthy subjects enrolled in the study underwent myocardial perfusion imaging following the 2-day rest–stress 99mTc sestamibi (GSPECT) protocol.\u0000At rest and during stress, end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, and ejection\u0000fraction using the GSPECT software were assessed both at rest and during stress\u0000for comparison. The following parameters were measured: left ventricular\u0000end-systolic volume (LVESV), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV),\u0000and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The results show that the change in\u0000left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) decreased during rest and stress in all age\u0000groups. In contrast, the change in left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV)\u0000increased during stress and rest compared with the left ventricular end-diastolic\u0000volume (LVEDV) for all ages. Results show a significant change in EDV, ESV,\u0000and EF% (16.49%, 30.35%, -7.49%) with p-value < 0.05 for the groups (20- 49).\u0000Also a significant change in EDV, ESV, and EF% (12.13%, 24.86%,-1.62%),\u0000respectively, with p-value <0.05. for age range (50-80) years. In conclusion, in\u0000people with no cardiac functional or structural problems, the aging process is\u0000linked to considerable alterations in left and right ventricular EF, ESV, and EDV.\u0000When assessing SPECT with 99mTc investigations, our findings highlight the need\u0000to adopt age-adapted data as a reference standard.\u0000Keywords: SPECT with 99mTC, Age, Hemodynamics, Rest and Stress","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115139647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.43
Wurood Alwan Kadhim, Ahmed Khudhair Al-Hamairy
Laboratory experiments were performed to study 66 samples were collected for beta-thalassemia patients, with 30 samples for control of healthy people, male and female, and 96 samples were examined in the Cobas e411 Advice for both IgG and IgM, 20 samples were obtained positive for IgG in patients with betathalassemia, and one sample was positive for IgM, then the Uric Acid examination was conducted for all After that, 12 male and female samples were selected with a high percentage of Uric Acid, 6 of which were positive for Toxoplasmosis and 6 negatives for the disease. To perform the Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) technique and use the standard substance allantoin to observe the relationship between Uric Acid and Allantoin, where the relationship is inverse between them; in the case of infection and the presence of the parasite in the blood, the Uric Acid oxidizes and combines with the free radicals (reactive oxygen species) in the blood such as oxygen and hydrogen peroxide that are harmful to the cell or tissue. Free radicals in abundance and as a guide to the extent of damage performed by the parasite. Keywords: beta-thalassemia, Uric Acid, Allantoin, Toxoplasmosis, IgG and IgM.
{"title":"Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis related with uric acid in B-thalassemia\u0000major patients","authors":"Wurood Alwan Kadhim, Ahmed Khudhair Al-Hamairy","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.43","url":null,"abstract":"Laboratory experiments were performed to study 66 samples were collected for\u0000beta-thalassemia patients, with 30 samples for control of healthy people, male\u0000and female, and 96 samples were examined in the Cobas e411 Advice for both\u0000IgG and IgM, 20 samples were obtained positive for IgG in patients with betathalassemia, and one sample was positive for IgM, then the Uric Acid examination was conducted for all After that, 12 male and female samples were selected\u0000with a high percentage of Uric Acid, 6 of which were positive for Toxoplasmosis\u0000and 6 negatives for the disease. To perform the Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) technique and use the standard substance allantoin to observe the\u0000relationship between Uric Acid and Allantoin, where the relationship is inverse\u0000between them; in the case of infection and the presence of the parasite in the\u0000blood, the Uric Acid oxidizes and combines with the free radicals (reactive oxygen species) in the blood such as oxygen and hydrogen peroxide that are harmful\u0000to the cell or tissue. Free radicals in abundance and as a guide to the extent of\u0000damage performed by the parasite.\u0000Keywords: beta-thalassemia, Uric Acid, Allantoin, Toxoplasmosis, IgG and\u0000IgM.","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126671744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.94
Jawad N. K. Makassees, Neihaya H. Zaki, Asmaa, A. Hussein
Elastase is a type of protease that degrades explicitly elastin. The elastase produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates was purified by three steps: ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, and Sephadex G-150 chromatography. The optimal condition for elastase production showed high specific activity with starch (3.8 U/mg protein) and casein as a nitrogen source with a specific activity reaching (3.3 U/mg protein). The maximum elastase production was obtained when the pH value was (7.5) with specific activity (4.4 U/mg protein). Elastase (free and immobilized on TiO2- NPs) was used in application as antibacterial and anticancer, and results showed high antibacterial activity against pathogenic isolates, especially Lactobacillus acidophilus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were affected by immobilized elastase. Free and immobilized elastase have anticancer activity against lung cancer using the A549 cell line, and immobilized elastase had the potent cytotoxic effect on A549 cells with IC50 142.8 µg/ ml compared with IC50 of normal cell line HdFn on 655.0 µg /ml. Key Words: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Elastase, Immobilization, TiO2-Nps- Antibacterial, Anticancer.
{"title":"Antibacterial and anticancer activities of (free and immobilized)\u0000elastase produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae","authors":"Jawad N. K. Makassees, Neihaya H. Zaki, Asmaa, A. Hussein","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.94","url":null,"abstract":"Elastase is a type of protease that degrades explicitly elastin. The elastase produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates was purified by three steps:\u0000ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, and Sephadex\u0000G-150 chromatography. The optimal condition for elastase production showed\u0000high specific activity with starch (3.8 U/mg protein) and casein as a nitrogen\u0000source with a specific activity reaching (3.3 U/mg protein). The maximum elastase production was obtained when the pH value was (7.5) with specific activity\u0000(4.4 U/mg protein). Elastase (free and immobilized on TiO2- NPs) was used in\u0000application as antibacterial and anticancer, and results showed high antibacterial\u0000activity against pathogenic isolates, especially Lactobacillus acidophilus and\u0000Pseudomonas aeruginosa were affected by immobilized elastase. Free and immobilized elastase have anticancer activity against lung cancer using the A549\u0000cell line, and immobilized elastase had the potent cytotoxic effect on A549 cells\u0000with IC50 142.8 µg/ ml compared with IC50 of normal cell line HdFn on 655.0\u0000µg /ml.\u0000Key Words: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Elastase, Immobilization, TiO2-Nps- Antibacterial, Anticancer.","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126885670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.21
Mohammed Amer Kamil, Hazima Mossa Alabassi, Zahraa Hussein M. Kadr
Background: Systematic Lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been described as a chronic inflammatory illness where chemokines play an essential role in its pathogenesis CX3CL1and CX3CR1 are chemokines that described their crucial role in immune response in SLE patients. Aim of the study: To evaluate the serum level of CX3CL1- CX3CR1, C3, C4 & ESR Abs in SLE patients without treatment and compare their level with those under treatment (hydroxychloroquine,predeslone 5-20mg, D3). Patients collecting and Methods: 120 females with SLE and healthy, with ages ranging between 20-40 years, were involved in this investigation from Medical City (Consultant of Arthritis, Consultant of Dermatology, Lobby of Hematology and Arthritis)/ Baghdad Teaching Hospital and from Al-Imameen Al-Kazimeen Teaching Hospital from August 26 to October 18, 2021. The samples included 80females with SLE (40 females as early diagnosed patients (G2) without treatment, 40 females as patients that received treatment subjects (hydroxychloroquine, predeslone 5-20mg, D3) (G3), while the control group included 40 healthy females (G1). Five mL of venous blood were obtained from patients and healthy females for measuring C3, C4, ESR and serum levels of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1, which were measured using the ELISA method. Results: Our findings demonstrated a significant increase in the serum levels of CX3CL1, CX3CR1, and ESR. Also, there were significant decreases in serum levels of C3 and C4 in SLE patients (with and without treatment) compared to the control group, and a significant difference was detected between SLE patients without treatment and patients receiving treatment. Conclusion: Based on our results, CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 chemokines may have a role in the pathogenesis of SLE as they are increased in SLE patients. In addition, serum CX3CL1 levels can be used as an independent biomarker of SLE activity. Furthermore, low levels of c3 and c4 and high levels of ESR are considered diagnostic indicators of SLE disease in people. Keywords: Systemic lupus erythematosus, CX3CL1; CX3CR1. C3,C4
{"title":"The Role of CX3CL1-CX3CR1 Axis, C3, C4 & ESR Abs in pathogenicity of Iraqi patients with SLE","authors":"Mohammed Amer Kamil, Hazima Mossa Alabassi, Zahraa Hussein M. Kadr","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Systematic Lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been described as a\u0000chronic inflammatory illness where chemokines play an essential role in its\u0000pathogenesis CX3CL1and CX3CR1 are chemokines that described their crucial\u0000role in immune response in SLE patients. Aim of the study: To evaluate the serum\u0000level of CX3CL1- CX3CR1, C3, C4 & ESR Abs in SLE patients without treatment\u0000and compare their level with those under treatment (hydroxychloroquine,predeslone 5-20mg, D3). Patients collecting and Methods: 120 females with\u0000SLE and healthy, with ages ranging between 20-40 years, were involved in this\u0000investigation from Medical City (Consultant of Arthritis, Consultant of Dermatology, Lobby of Hematology and Arthritis)/ Baghdad Teaching Hospital and from\u0000Al-Imameen Al-Kazimeen Teaching Hospital from August 26 to October 18,\u00002021. The samples included 80females with SLE (40 females as early diagnosed\u0000patients (G2) without treatment, 40 females as patients that received treatment\u0000subjects (hydroxychloroquine, predeslone 5-20mg, D3) (G3), while the control\u0000group included 40 healthy females (G1). Five mL of venous blood were obtained\u0000from patients and healthy females for measuring C3, C4, ESR and serum levels of\u0000CX3CL1 and CX3CR1, which were measured using the ELISA method. Results:\u0000Our findings demonstrated a significant increase in the serum levels of CX3CL1,\u0000CX3CR1, and ESR. Also, there were significant decreases in serum levels of C3\u0000and C4 in SLE patients (with and without treatment) compared to the control\u0000group, and a significant difference was detected between SLE patients without\u0000treatment and patients receiving treatment. Conclusion: Based on our results,\u0000CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 chemokines may have a role in the pathogenesis of SLE as\u0000they are increased in SLE patients. In addition, serum CX3CL1 levels can be used\u0000as an independent biomarker of SLE activity. Furthermore, low levels of c3 and c4\u0000and high levels of ESR are considered diagnostic indicators of SLE disease in\u0000people.\u0000Keywords: Systemic lupus erythematosus, CX3CL1; CX3CR1. C3,C4","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126284358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.38
Sanarya Kamal Tawfiq, Staar Mohammed Qader, Muhannad Abdullah Al-Azzawy
Sewage uses wastewater consisting of human excreta, wash waters, and industrial and agricultural wastes (e.g., wastes from livestock, i.e., chicken, cattle, and horse) that enter the sewage system. The study aims to study bacteria isolated from sewage water to know their source and different antibiotics used and compare it with other bacteria present in human excretion. This study was carried out in March - 2019. 30) Water samples were taken from the Al-Khassa River in Kirkuk, starting from the Al-Tabaqchary bridge to the Domiez bridge; all the samples were worked in the general health laboratory of Kirkuk. All the water samples were collected in sterile containers and were processed within one hour after arriving at the laboratory. First, it was cultured on blood and MacConkey agar for each sample; the petri dishes were put in an aerobic incubator at 37 C0 for 24 hours. It was isolated on nutrient agar for purification, incubating at 37 C0 for 24 hours. Bacterial colonies were identified based on diagnosis using morphology, cultured, and biochemical characteristics. The antimicrobial screening was performed using Muller-Hinton agar disk diffusion assay for signing drug sensitivity; the study showed that E. coli represented the most isolated bacteria from Al-Khassa River (14 isolates), Serratia marcescens (10 isolates), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5 isolates) and Proteus spp. (only 2 isolates), The study showed that gentamicin was the most active antibiotic against the Gram-negative bacilli isolates tested, as only 2.6% of these isolates were resistant to this antibiotic at concentrations up to 10μg while susceptible to clindamycin. Keywords: Al-Khassa; Kirkuk; Sewege, river; Contamination
{"title":"A study on the effectiveness of antibiotics against bacteria isolated from the\u0000Al-Khassa river in Kirkuk city, Iraq","authors":"Sanarya Kamal Tawfiq, Staar Mohammed Qader, Muhannad Abdullah Al-Azzawy","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.38","url":null,"abstract":"Sewage uses wastewater consisting of human excreta, wash waters, and industrial\u0000and agricultural wastes (e.g., wastes from livestock, i.e., chicken, cattle, and\u0000horse) that enter the sewage system. The study aims to study bacteria isolated\u0000from sewage water to know their source and different antibiotics used and compare it with other bacteria present in human excretion. This study was carried out\u0000in March - 2019. 30) Water samples were taken from the Al-Khassa River in\u0000Kirkuk, starting from the Al-Tabaqchary bridge to the Domiez bridge; all the\u0000samples were worked in the general health laboratory of Kirkuk. All the water\u0000samples were collected in sterile containers and were processed within one hour\u0000after arriving at the laboratory. First, it was cultured on blood and MacConkey\u0000agar for each sample; the petri dishes were put in an aerobic incubator at 37 C0 for\u000024 hours. It was isolated on nutrient agar for purification, incubating at 37 C0 for\u000024 hours. Bacterial colonies were identified based on diagnosis using morphology, cultured, and biochemical characteristics. The antimicrobial screening was\u0000performed using Muller-Hinton agar disk diffusion assay for signing drug sensitivity; the study showed that E. coli represented the most isolated bacteria from\u0000Al-Khassa River (14 isolates), Serratia marcescens (10 isolates), Pseudomonas\u0000aeruginosa (5 isolates) and Proteus spp. (only 2 isolates), The study showed that\u0000gentamicin was the most active antibiotic against the Gram-negative bacilli isolates tested, as only 2.6% of these isolates were resistant to this antibiotic at concentrations up to 10μg while susceptible to clindamycin.\u0000Keywords: Al-Khassa; Kirkuk; Sewege, river; Contamination","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128899488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.61
Mais Zubair Jasim, Muna Saleem Khalaf
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has shown effectiveness in hardening tooth structure and killing bacteria. Therefore, it can be used to prevent and arrest dental caries. Riva Star (SDF) treatment alone will stop cavities but will not reverse the cavitation. The Silver Modified Atraumatic Procedure, often known as Smart, is the optimum technique for regaining the tooth's structure and function. Glass ionomer was introduced in (1972) as a new material that has become one of the most widely used materials in restorative dentistry. By releasing fluoride ions, this material has a therapeutic impact on the surrounding tooth structure. Microleakage is the ingress of bacteria, its byproducts, toxins, chemicals, oral fluids, and ions between the margins of the restoration and the cavity walls. Dental restoration lifetime is significantly influenced by microleakage at the toothrestoration contact. Material and method: In this study, we used 32 primary molars, class V cavities prepared on the buccal surface of all teeth. The teeth were divided into 2 groups: Group 1: 16 teeth treated with 38%SDF 8 of them restored directly with GIC filling and the other 8 restored after 14 days; Group 2: 16 teeth as control group left untreated with 38% SDF,8 teeth restored directly and 8 restored after 14 days. Samples were thermocycled, immersed in 2% methylene blue and then sectioned in a buccolingual direction. Dye penetration was measured with a digital camera connected to a stereo microscope. Result: results of this study showed a significant difference in microleakage between two-time intervals in which microleakage in GIC filling decreased at 14-day intervals than that of first-day interval in the experimental group, while in the control group, microleakage at 14 days intervals was higher than first-day interval, but it was not significant. Conclusion: Pretreatment of the primary teeth with SDF can decrease the microleakage of GIC restoration. If placed after 14 days, the microleakage would be lesser than that if the restoration was placed directly after SDF treatment. Therefore, it is recommended that SDF treatment be done, followed by a permanent restoration after 14 days, so the null hypothesis cannot be accepted. Keywords: Microleakage, Silver diamine fluoride, Glass ionomer filling, noninvasive dentistry
氟化二胺银(SDF)已显示出硬化牙齿结构和杀死细菌的有效性。因此，它可以用来预防和抑制蛀牙。单独的Riva Star (SDF)治疗可以阻止蛀牙，但不能逆转蛀牙。银改良无创程序，通常被称为asSmart，是恢复牙齿结构和功能的最佳技术。玻璃离聚体作为一种新型材料于1972年问世，目前已成为牙科修复中应用最广泛的材料之一。通过释放氟离子，这种材料对周围的牙齿结构有治疗作用。微渗漏是指细菌及其副产品、毒素、化学物质、口腔液体和离子在修复体边缘和腔壁之间的侵入。牙体接触处的微渗漏对牙体修复寿命有显著影响。材料和方法:本研究使用32颗初生磨牙，在所有牙齿的颊面制备V类蛀牙。将16颗牙分为两组:第一组:用38%的sdf治疗16颗牙，其中8颗直接用GIC充填修复，其余8颗在14天后修复;对照组16颗牙不治疗，牙周率38%，直接修复8颗牙，14天后修复8颗牙。样品被热循环，浸入2%亚甲基蓝，然后在舌部方向切片。染料穿透度是用连接立体显微镜的数码相机测量的。结果:本研究结果显示两个时间间隔间的微渗漏有显著性差异，实验组GIC充填的微渗漏在间隔14天较间隔第1天减少，而在对照组中，间隔14天的微渗漏高于间隔第1天，但差异不显著。结论:乳牙SDF预处理可减少GIC修复体的微渗漏。如果修复体放置在14天后，微渗漏比直接放置在sdf处理后的修复体要小。因此，建议先进行SDF治疗，14天后进行永久性修复，故不能接受原假设。关键词:微渗漏;氟化二胺银;玻璃离聚体充填
{"title":"The effect of silver diamine fluoride on the microleakage of glass\u0000ionomer restoration in primary teeth at different time intervals","authors":"Mais Zubair Jasim, Muna Saleem Khalaf","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.61","url":null,"abstract":"Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has shown effectiveness in hardening\u0000tooth structure and killing bacteria. Therefore, it can be used to prevent and arrest\u0000dental caries. Riva Star (SDF) treatment alone will stop cavities but will not reverse the cavitation. The Silver Modified Atraumatic Procedure, often known as\u0000Smart, is the optimum technique for regaining the tooth's structure and function.\u0000Glass ionomer was introduced in (1972) as a new material that has become one of\u0000the most widely used materials in restorative dentistry. By releasing fluoride ions,\u0000this material has a therapeutic impact on the surrounding tooth structure. Microleakage is the ingress of bacteria, its byproducts, toxins, chemicals, oral fluids,\u0000and ions between the margins of the restoration and the cavity walls. Dental restoration lifetime is significantly influenced by microleakage at the toothrestoration contact. Material and method: In this study, we used 32 primary molars, class V cavities prepared on the buccal surface of all teeth. The teeth were\u0000divided into 2 groups: Group 1: 16 teeth treated with 38%SDF 8 of them restored directly with GIC filling and the other 8 restored after 14 days; Group 2:\u000016 teeth as control group left untreated with 38% SDF,8 teeth restored directly\u0000and 8 restored after 14 days. Samples were thermocycled, immersed in 2% methylene blue and then sectioned in a buccolingual direction. Dye penetration was\u0000measured with a digital camera connected to a stereo microscope. Result: results\u0000of this study showed a significant difference in microleakage between two-time\u0000intervals in which microleakage in GIC filling decreased at 14-day intervals than\u0000that of first-day interval in the experimental group, while in the control group,\u0000microleakage at 14 days intervals was higher than first-day interval, but it was\u0000not significant. Conclusion: Pretreatment of the primary teeth with SDF can decrease the microleakage of GIC restoration. If placed after 14 days, the microleakage would be lesser than that if the restoration was placed directly after SDF\u0000treatment. Therefore, it is recommended that SDF treatment be done, followed by\u0000a permanent restoration after 14 days, so the null hypothesis cannot be accepted.\u0000Keywords: Microleakage, Silver diamine fluoride, Glass ionomer filling, noninvasive dentistry","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132762080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Three polymeric solutions, PVA, Collagen and Hyaluronic acid (HAc), were prepared and mixed by (55:22.5:22.5) ratios to prepare the net polymeric solution. Also, Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) solution was prepared and added to the neat solution by three ratios (1wt%, 3wt% and 5wt%), which was then pumped by electrospinning technique to create a nanofiber bead. Solutions results showed that G. lucidum caused drag reduction, decreasing the viscosities, facilitating solution flow inside the needle and leading to the formation of fine nanofibers easily. Also, at low G. lucidum ratios, the electrostatic repulsion overcomes the surface tension, which enables fibers to escape from the "Taylor cone" tip and gather on the collector. As well as the electrical conductivity increased due to the ease of movement of HAc ions due to viscosity reduction. FTIR results proved no losses of any component of the net blend, and there is no chemical reaction among them. Results of the obtained nanofiber showed that, with the G. lucidum addition, there is an increment in fiber diameter, number of beads, the goodness of orientation and surface roughness. G. lucidum also reduced the wettability, the crystallinity and the enthalpy consumed during the thermal transition. Keywords: Ganoderma lucidum, FESEM, Directionality Histogram, Electrospinning, Wettability
{"title":"Impacts of Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi mushroom) on the properties of electrospun\u0000polymeric nanofibers","authors":"Dalal Abbass Kadham, Auda Jabbar Braihi, Hanaa Jawad Kadham","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.20","url":null,"abstract":"Three polymeric solutions, PVA, Collagen and Hyaluronic acid (HAc), were\u0000prepared and mixed by (55:22.5:22.5) ratios to prepare the net polymeric solution. Also, Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) solution was prepared and added to\u0000the neat solution by three ratios (1wt%, 3wt% and 5wt%), which was then\u0000pumped by electrospinning technique to create a nanofiber bead. Solutions results\u0000showed that G. lucidum caused drag reduction, decreasing the viscosities, facilitating solution flow inside the needle and leading to the formation of fine nanofibers easily. Also, at low G. lucidum ratios, the electrostatic repulsion overcomes\u0000the surface tension, which enables fibers to escape from the \"Taylor cone\" tip and\u0000gather on the collector. As well as the electrical conductivity increased due to the\u0000ease of movement of HAc ions due to viscosity reduction. FTIR results proved no\u0000losses of any component of the net blend, and there is no chemical reaction\u0000among them. Results of the obtained nanofiber showed that, with the G. lucidum\u0000addition, there is an increment in fiber diameter, number of beads, the goodness\u0000of orientation and surface roughness. G. lucidum also reduced the wettability, the\u0000crystallinity and the enthalpy consumed during the thermal transition.\u0000Keywords: Ganoderma lucidum, FESEM, Directionality Histogram,\u0000Electrospinning, Wettability","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133227921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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