Esperanto is neither an official nor a commonly spoken language anywhere in the world and, due to the limited number of people who speak this language from birth and who teach it to the next generation, the persistence of this speech community cannot rely on intergenerational language transmission. Based on a year of ethnographic fieldwork in France, mainly in Paris, this article explores continuities and discontinuities in the Esperanto community and movement bylooking at how present-day young Esperanto speakers use the language online and through networks of sociability. In asking what is transmitted from one generation of Esperanto speakers to the next, and how new communication technologies impact the ways in which people use the language, I analyse how the concentration of speakers from different age groups around distinct technologies creates a segmentation in this community that leaves some issues incommunicable and hard to transmit. I argue that, on the one hand, engaging with Esperanto through Esperanto associations and, on the other hand, through social media and non-institutionalised gatherings, shapesdifferent perceptions of the language, marking a shift from Esperanto as a forward-looking cause for activists to Esperanto as a tool for sociability and an intellectual game for language-lovers.
{"title":"Mind the age gap","authors":"Guilherme Fians","doi":"10.1075/lplp.00057.fia","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/lplp.00057.fia","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Esperanto is neither an official nor a commonly spoken language anywhere in the world and, due to the limited number of people who speak this language from birth and who teach it to the next generation, the persistence of this speech community cannot rely on intergenerational language transmission. Based on a year of ethnographic fieldwork in France, mainly in Paris, this article explores continuities and discontinuities in the Esperanto community and movement bylooking at how present-day young Esperanto speakers use the language online and through networks of sociability. In asking what is transmitted from one generation of Esperanto speakers to the next, and how new communication technologies impact the ways in which people use the language, I analyse how the concentration of speakers from different age groups around distinct technologies creates a segmentation in this community that leaves some issues incommunicable and hard to transmit. I argue that, on the one hand, engaging with Esperanto through Esperanto associations and, on the other hand, through social media and non-institutionalised gatherings, shapesdifferent perceptions of the language, marking a shift from Esperanto as a forward-looking cause for activists to Esperanto as a tool for sociability and an intellectual game for language-lovers.","PeriodicalId":44345,"journal":{"name":"Language Problems & Language Planning","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/lplp.00057.fia","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45760136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In this paper, we present a framework for the analysis of effects of language policies on the competition between languages. At the core of this framework is a language competition model that takes into account four pivotal factors for the evolution of the linguistic composition of a society: intergenerational language transmission, formal language education, adult language learning and migration. In contrast to the majority of models available in the literature, our model operates with parameters that can be estimated from empirical socio-linguistic data. It allows the reconstruction of past and simulate future dynamics. Language policies can be modeled as changes in model parameters. Therefore, projections derived from the model can be utilized to compare the effects of different policy options. We use Basque and Spanish within the Basque Autonomous Community in Spain to illustrate the application of the model.
{"title":"Language competition modeling and language policy evaluation","authors":"T. Templin","doi":"10.1075/lplp.00055.tem","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/lplp.00055.tem","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper, we present a framework for the analysis of effects of language policies on the competition between languages. At the core of this framework is a language competition model that takes into account four pivotal factors for the evolution of the linguistic composition of a society: intergenerational language transmission, formal language education, adult language learning and migration. In contrast to the majority of models available in the literature, our model operates with parameters that can be estimated from empirical socio-linguistic data. It allows the reconstruction of past and simulate future dynamics. Language policies can be modeled as changes in model parameters. Therefore, projections derived from the model can be utilized to compare the effects of different policy options. We use Basque and Spanish within the Basque Autonomous Community in Spain to illustrate the application of the model.","PeriodicalId":44345,"journal":{"name":"Language Problems & Language Planning","volume":"44 1","pages":"45-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/lplp.00055.tem","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49050837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper reports on a study that looked at Portuguese public universities setting out to identify and discuss institutional stakeholders’ social representations concerning the use of languages in scientific research and the development of institutional language policies within this area of higher education activity. In order to do so, institutional stakeholders responsible for research activities at six Portuguese public universities completed a questionnaire and participated in in-depth interviews. The findings indicate there are common tendencies regarding the identified social representations that point, mainly, to a tension between, on one hand, the existence of reported practices that centre on “English-mainly” research language policies, reflecting the current monolingual scenario of global science and, on the other hand, the need for a more plurilingual science and the privileging of Portuguese as a science language.
{"title":"Scientific research and languages in Portuguese Higher Education Institutions","authors":"Susana Pinto, M. Sá","doi":"10.1075/lplp.00054.pin","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/lplp.00054.pin","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper reports on a study that looked at Portuguese public universities setting out to identify and discuss institutional stakeholders’ social representations concerning the use of languages in scientific research and the development of institutional language policies within this area of higher education activity. In order to do so, institutional stakeholders responsible for research activities at six Portuguese public universities completed a questionnaire and participated in in-depth interviews. The findings indicate there are common tendencies regarding the identified social representations that point, mainly, to a tension between, on one hand, the existence of reported practices that centre on “English-mainly” research language policies, reflecting the current monolingual scenario of global science and, on the other hand, the need for a more plurilingual science and the privileging of Portuguese as a science language.","PeriodicalId":44345,"journal":{"name":"Language Problems & Language Planning","volume":"44 1","pages":"20-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44512077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Language planning and policy has been a recurring topic among Nigerian educators. Although the Nigerian National Policy on Education stipulates multilingual education, such provision has remained an object of criticism, rejection, and is therefore not implemented. While some of the issues often raised as hindering its implementation are well-founded, there is also a lack of political will to champion the course of language planning and policy implementation. Meanwhile the government’s intention has been to make the policy receive public acceptance; yet, it has failed to address some of the recurring problems that hinder the achievement of such goal, to the detriment of both the educational and public sectors. This article looks at the dynamics of language planning and policy in Nigeria and why the government must match her rhetoric with action by paying attention to the major issues that hinder the realisation of multilingual education in the country to enhance development.
{"title":"Language policy and planning in Nigeria","authors":"E. O. Ugwu","doi":"10.1075/lplp.00053.okw","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/lplp.00053.okw","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Language planning and policy has been a recurring topic among Nigerian educators. Although the Nigerian National Policy on Education stipulates multilingual education, such provision has remained an object of criticism, rejection, and is therefore not implemented. While some of the issues often raised as hindering its implementation are well-founded, there is also a lack of political will to champion the course of language planning and policy implementation. Meanwhile the government’s intention has been to make the policy receive public acceptance; yet, it has failed to address some of the recurring problems that hinder the achievement of such goal, to the detriment of both the educational and public sectors. This article looks at the dynamics of language planning and policy in Nigeria and why the government must match her rhetoric with action by paying attention to the major issues that hinder the realisation of multilingual education in the country to enhance development.","PeriodicalId":44345,"journal":{"name":"Language Problems & Language Planning","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43090148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
After over twenty years of debate over Cornish orthographies, recognition by the UK government according to the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in 2003 led to the creation of what was initially intended as a “single written form” for use in official contexts. However, the inevitable impossibility of finding a compromise that pleased opposing groups of speakers with differing ideologies meant that the eventual Standard Written Form (SWF) was pluricentric, comprising two “main forms”. While these were initially stated to be of equal status, this has been hard to maintain since the SWF’s implementation: with more speakers using Middle Cornish forms, the Late Cornish forms are less visible and commonly believed to be subsidiary. Drawing on such perceptions, along with learning materials and other resources, this paper examines the status of the SWF today and offers some reflections on this unsuccessful attempt at pluricentricity in a minoritised language.
{"title":"The orthography of revived Cornish as an attempt at pluricentricity","authors":"Merryn Davies-Deacon","doi":"10.1075/lplp.00056.dav","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/lplp.00056.dav","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 After over twenty years of debate over Cornish orthographies, recognition by the UK government according to the\u0000 European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in 2003 led to the creation of what was initially intended as a “single\u0000 written form” for use in official contexts. However, the inevitable impossibility of finding a compromise that pleased opposing\u0000 groups of speakers with differing ideologies meant that the eventual Standard Written Form (SWF) was\u0000 pluricentric, comprising two “main forms”. While these were initially stated to be of equal status, this has been hard to maintain\u0000 since the SWF’s implementation: with more speakers using Middle Cornish forms, the Late Cornish forms are less visible and\u0000 commonly believed to be subsidiary. Drawing on such perceptions, along with learning materials and other resources, this paper\u0000 examines the status of the SWF today and offers some reflections on this unsuccessful attempt at pluricentricity in a minoritised\u0000 language.","PeriodicalId":44345,"journal":{"name":"Language Problems & Language Planning","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43256540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Usually relegated to a footnote in the historical accounts of planned languages, Sotos Ochando’s Lengua Universal was most likely the first to give rise to a planned language movement. Contrary to later language movements, Sotos Ochando’s had no competing planned language movements to challenge it. Sotos Ochando’s Lengua Universal was also unique in that it was a philosophical language, much like those created in the 17th-century. This article explains the reasons behind the emergence and collapse of this movement. It explores the perceptions of contemporaries regarding the possibility of philosophical language projects, as well as other extralinguistic factors that determined the fate of this movement.
{"title":"Sotos Ochando’s language movement","authors":"R. Garvía","doi":"10.1075/lplp.00049.gar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/lplp.00049.gar","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Usually relegated to a footnote in the historical accounts of planned languages, Sotos Ochando’s Lengua Universal was most likely the first to give rise to a planned language movement. Contrary to later language movements, Sotos Ochando’s had no competing planned language movements to challenge it. Sotos Ochando’s Lengua Universal was also unique in that it was a philosophical language, much like those created in the 17th-century. This article explains the reasons behind the emergence and collapse of this movement. It explores the perceptions of contemporaries regarding the possibility of philosophical language projects, as well as other extralinguistic factors that determined the fate of this movement.","PeriodicalId":44345,"journal":{"name":"Language Problems & Language Planning","volume":"43 1","pages":"325-344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/lplp.00049.gar","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47377915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“Rejoinder” to Robert Phillipson, Languages in public policy, and constraints in\u0000 academia","authors":"J. Melitz","doi":"10.1075/lplp.00047.mel","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/lplp.00047.mel","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44345,"journal":{"name":"Language Problems & Language Planning","volume":"43 1","pages":"312-317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47616123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stefaan van der Jeught. (2015) EU Language Law","authors":"Michele Gazzola","doi":"10.1075/lplp.00052.gaz","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/lplp.00052.gaz","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44345,"journal":{"name":"Language Problems & Language Planning","volume":"43 1","pages":"351-355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48865533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A response to the rejoinder of Jacques Mélitz","authors":"R. Phillipson","doi":"10.1075/lplp.00048.phi","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/lplp.00048.phi","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44345,"journal":{"name":"Language Problems & Language Planning","volume":"43 1","pages":"318-324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42753141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corinne A. Seals and Sheena Shah (eds.) 2018. Heritage language policies around the\u0000 world","authors":"A. Pauwels","doi":"10.1075/lplp.00051.pau","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/lplp.00051.pau","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44345,"journal":{"name":"Language Problems & Language Planning","volume":"43 1","pages":"348-350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/lplp.00051.pau","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43362388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：