Maria Torres-Oliva, Cristina Petreñas, Á. Huguet, Cecilio Lapresta
Abstract Aragon is an autonomous community within Spain where, historically, three languages are spoken: Aragonese, Catalan, and Castilian Spanish. Both Aragonese and Catalan are minority and minoritised languages within the territory, while Castilian Spanish, the majority language, enjoys total legal protection and legitimation. The fact that we live in the era of the nation-state is crucial for understanding endangered languages in their specific socio-political context. This is why policies at macro-level and micro-level are essential for language maintenance and equality. In this article, we carry out an in-depth analysis of 57 documents: international and national legal documents, education reports, and education curricula. The aims of the paper are: (1) to analyse the current state of Aragonese language teaching in primary education in Aragon, and (2) to suggest solutions and desirable policies to address the passive bilingualism of Aragonese-speaking schoolchildren. We conclude that although Aragon is a trilingual community, education policy actually does not reflect this reality. There is also a need to implement language policies (bottom-up and top-down initiatives) to promote compulsory education in a minoritised language. We therefore propose a linguistic model that brings to the forefront minority languages. This study may contribute to research into Aragonese-Castilian bilingualism in contexts of possible language loss.
{"title":"The legal rights of Aragonese-speaking schoolchildren","authors":"Maria Torres-Oliva, Cristina Petreñas, Á. Huguet, Cecilio Lapresta","doi":"10.1075/lplp.00045.tor","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/lplp.00045.tor","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Aragon is an autonomous community within Spain where, historically, three languages are spoken: Aragonese, Catalan, and Castilian Spanish. Both Aragonese and Catalan are minority and minoritised languages within the territory, while Castilian Spanish, the majority language, enjoys total legal protection and legitimation. The fact that we live in the era of the nation-state is crucial for understanding endangered languages in their specific socio-political context. This is why policies at macro-level and micro-level are essential for language maintenance and equality. In this article, we carry out an in-depth analysis of 57 documents: international and national legal documents, education reports, and education curricula. The aims of the paper are: (1) to analyse the current state of Aragonese language teaching in primary education in Aragon, and (2) to suggest solutions and desirable policies to address the passive bilingualism of Aragonese-speaking schoolchildren. We conclude that although Aragon is a trilingual community, education policy actually does not reflect this reality. There is also a need to implement language policies (bottom-up and top-down initiatives) to promote compulsory education in a minoritised language. We therefore propose a linguistic model that brings to the forefront minority languages. This study may contribute to research into Aragonese-Castilian bilingualism in contexts of possible language loss.","PeriodicalId":44345,"journal":{"name":"Language Problems & Language Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43569793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study focuses on Macao, a former Portuguese colony and a Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China after 1999. A questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2012 and 2013 respectively among freshmen of the University of Macau to investigate their attitudes to issues in Macao’s language policy and planning (LPP). Findings of this study reflect their practical attitudes, as reflected in their attitudes towards the choice of English or Portuguese as the first foreign language in Macao public schools. At the same time, their attitudes also reflect their strong local allegiances and resistance to Mainland China’s cultural practices, as reflected in their views on the issue of the official status of Putonghua in the Macao SAR, the choice of Putonghua or Cantonese as the medium of instruction, and the maintenance of traditional Chinese characters, written Cantonese, and Cantonese Romanization System in Macao.
{"title":"A study of Macao tertiary students’ attitudes to issues in postcolonial Macao’s language policy and\u0000 planning","authors":"Xi Yan","doi":"10.1075/lplp.00033.yan","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/lplp.00033.yan","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study focuses on Macao, a former Portuguese colony and a Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China after 1999. A questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2012 and 2013 respectively among freshmen of the University of Macau to investigate their attitudes to issues in Macao’s language policy and planning (LPP). Findings of this study reflect their practical attitudes, as reflected in their attitudes towards the choice of English or Portuguese as the first foreign language in Macao public schools. At the same time, their attitudes also reflect their strong local allegiances and resistance to Mainland China’s cultural practices, as reflected in their views on the issue of the official status of Putonghua in the Macao SAR, the choice of Putonghua or Cantonese as the medium of instruction, and the maintenance of traditional Chinese characters, written Cantonese, and Cantonese Romanization System in Macao.","PeriodicalId":44345,"journal":{"name":"Language Problems & Language Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41557914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"40 Years of Bill 101 in Québec","authors":"","doi":"10.1075/lplp.43.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/lplp.43.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44345,"journal":{"name":"Language Problems & Language Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44312165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rachelle Vessey. (2016). Language and Canadian Media: Representations, Ideologies, Policies","authors":"Saira Fitzgerald","doi":"10.1075/LPLP.00044.FIT","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/LPLP.00044.FIT","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44345,"journal":{"name":"Language Problems & Language Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45515434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines the economic situation of language groups in Quebec since the 1970s. Particular attention is paid to the contexts of economic globalization, where English has become the most used world lingua franca, and of immigration now being the major source of population growth. Viewing language as a market where supply and demand determine outcomes, the purpose of Bill 101 was to increase the value and the use of French. The relative economic position of Francophones has improved and they now have better purchasing power and control of the economy. However, the number of Francophones in the population is not expected to increase much and their proportion in the population will drop significantly. Due to immigration, the number and proportion of Allophones will increase, but Anglophones will also benefit since the proportion of immigrants who assimilate to English is larger than the proportion of Anglophones in the population. In the labor market, working in English pays more than working in French for immigrants. In spite of the progresses made by Francophones, the situation of French in Quebec remains a concern. The challenge is to integrate more immigrants into the French-speaking majority.
{"title":"Quebec’s language policy and economic globalization","authors":"G. Grenier","doi":"10.1075/LPLP.00041.GRE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/LPLP.00041.GRE","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article examines the economic situation of language groups in Quebec since the 1970s. Particular attention is\u0000 paid to the contexts of economic globalization, where English has become the most used world lingua franca, and of immigration now\u0000 being the major source of population growth. Viewing language as a market where supply and demand determine outcomes, the purpose\u0000 of Bill 101 was to increase the value and the use of French. The relative economic position of Francophones has improved and they\u0000 now have better purchasing power and control of the economy. However, the number of Francophones in the population is not expected\u0000 to increase much and their proportion in the population will drop significantly. Due to immigration, the number and proportion of\u0000 Allophones will increase, but Anglophones will also benefit since the proportion of immigrants who assimilate to English is larger\u0000 than the proportion of Anglophones in the population. In the labor market, working in English pays more than working in French for\u0000 immigrants. In spite of the progresses made by Francophones, the situation of French in Quebec remains a concern. The challenge is\u0000 to integrate more immigrants into the French-speaking majority.","PeriodicalId":44345,"journal":{"name":"Language Problems & Language Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46499869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Après un bref examen de certains problèmes conceptuels (partie 1), nous présentons les principales mesures introduites par la Charte de la langue française en matière de langue de travail, de langue du commerce et des affaires, et de langue d’affichage, et faisons état des modifications apportées depuis l’adoption de ces mesures en 1977 (partie 2). Nous analysons ensuite (partie 3) l’évolution entre 1977 et 2018 des indicateurs pertinents. En conclusion (partie 4), nous tentons de dégager les principales implications de cette évolution.
{"title":"L’utilisation du français dans la sphère publique","authors":"Marc Termote","doi":"10.1075/LPLP.00040.TER","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/LPLP.00040.TER","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Après un bref examen de certains problèmes conceptuels (partie 1), nous présentons les principales mesures\u0000 introduites par la Charte de la langue française en matière de langue de travail, de langue du commerce et des affaires, et de\u0000 langue d’affichage, et faisons état des modifications apportées depuis l’adoption de ces mesures en 1977\u0000 (partie 2). Nous analysons ensuite (partie 3) l’évolution entre 1977 et 2018 des indicateurs pertinents. En conclusion\u0000 (partie 4), nous tentons de dégager les principales implications de cette évolution.","PeriodicalId":44345,"journal":{"name":"Language Problems & Language Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48931353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Centré sur la langue d’enseignement, ce bilan de la Charte de la langue française (loi 101) fait état de la connaissance, de l’apprentissage et de l’usage du français. Il montre que cette loi s’est avérée très efficace pour conduire les enfants des immigrants dans les écoles françaises plutôt que dans celles du réseau scolaire anglophone. Malgré cette réussite, illustrée par des comparaisons avec l’Ontario, l’anglais exerce encore une forte attraction. C’est le cas notamment des jeunes qui, entreprenant des études collégiales, profitent d’une pleine liberté pour poursuivre leurs études en anglais. L’auteur aborde également la politique de sélection d’immigrants francophones, ainsi que le programme de francisation des immigrants ne connaissant pas le français. Absentes de la loi 101, ces importantes mesures sont les éléments les plus faibles de la politique linguistique québécoise. Enfin, l’auteur constate que l’apprentissage de l’anglais chez les francophones s’est poursuivi comme prévu, mais note que de nombreux francophones bilingues s’expriment spontanément en anglais devant des personnes sachant pourtant parler français. Inspiré par Max Weber, l’auteur conclut que « l’honneur linguistique » n’est pas encore au rendez-vous.
{"title":"Succès et faiblesses de l’intégration des immigrants par la scolarisation obligatoire en français au\u0000 Québec","authors":"M. Paillé","doi":"10.1075/LPLP.00039.PAI","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/LPLP.00039.PAI","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Centré sur la langue d’enseignement, ce bilan de la Charte de la langue française (loi\u0000 101) fait état de la connaissance, de l’apprentissage et de l’usage du français. Il montre que cette loi\u0000 s’est avérée très efficace pour conduire les enfants des immigrants dans les écoles françaises plutôt que dans celles du\u0000 réseau scolaire anglophone. Malgré cette réussite, illustrée par des comparaisons avec l’Ontario, l’anglais exerce\u0000 encore une forte attraction. C’est le cas notamment des jeunes qui, entreprenant des études collégiales, profitent d’une\u0000 pleine liberté pour poursuivre leurs études en anglais. L’auteur aborde également la politique de sélection d’immigrants\u0000 francophones, ainsi que le programme de francisation des immigrants ne connaissant pas le français. Absentes de la loi 101, ces\u0000 importantes mesures sont les éléments les plus faibles de la politique linguistique québécoise. Enfin, l’auteur constate\u0000 que l’apprentissage de l’anglais chez les francophones s’est poursuivi comme prévu, mais note que de\u0000 nombreux francophones bilingues s’expriment spontanément en anglais devant des personnes sachant pourtant parler français.\u0000 Inspiré par Max Weber, l’auteur conclut que « l’honneur linguistique » n’est pas encore au\u0000 rendez-vous.","PeriodicalId":44345,"journal":{"name":"Language Problems & Language Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43277612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Census data are used to monitor the efficiency of Bill 101 in reorienting language shift more favourably for French. Immigration from former French colonies or Romance-language countries is shown to be the major factor driving the increase in the share of French in the assimilation of Allophones since 1991. The schooling provisions of Bill 101 are seen to play a significant supporting role in this respect, but not those promoting French as language of work. It is further shown that the corresponding trend towards a greater share for French in overall assimilation has become seriously compromised by a growing Anglicization of Francophones themselves, notably in the Montreal metropolitan area. The resulting consolidation of the superiority of English as language of assimilation in Quebec is seen to explain in large part the emergence of a new language dynamic since 2001, combining a record decline in relative weight of Quebec’s French-speaking majority with a mild but equally historic increase in weight of its English-speaking minority.
{"title":"Quebec’s new language dynamic","authors":"C. Castonguay","doi":"10.1075/LPLP.00038.CAS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/LPLP.00038.CAS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Census data are used to monitor the efficiency of Bill 101 in reorienting language shift more favourably for\u0000 French. Immigration from former French colonies or Romance-language countries is shown to be the major factor driving the increase\u0000 in the share of French in the assimilation of Allophones since 1991. The schooling provisions of Bill 101 are seen to play a\u0000 significant supporting role in this respect, but not those promoting French as language of work. It is further shown that the\u0000 corresponding trend towards a greater share for French in overall assimilation has become seriously compromised by a growing\u0000 Anglicization of Francophones themselves, notably in the Montreal metropolitan area. The resulting consolidation of the\u0000 superiority of English as language of assimilation in Quebec is seen to explain in large part the emergence of a new language\u0000 dynamic since 2001, combining a record decline in relative weight of Quebec’s French-speaking majority with a mild but equally\u0000 historic increase in weight of its English-speaking minority.","PeriodicalId":44345,"journal":{"name":"Language Problems & Language Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49107707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessing Bill 101 after 40 years","authors":"F. Vaillancourt","doi":"10.1075/LPLP.00037.VAI","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/LPLP.00037.VAI","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44345,"journal":{"name":"Language Problems & Language Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41534809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：