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Expert voices in the news reporting of the coronavirus pandemic: A study of UK television news bulletins and their audiences. 冠状病毒大流行新闻报道中的专家声音:英国电视新闻公告及其受众研究。
2区 哲学 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/14648849221127629
Marina Morani, Stephen Cushion, Maria Kyriakidou, Nikki Soo

The study examines the role of experts in UK television news at the start of the coronavirus pandemic by analysing both how they were used in coverage and perceived by news audiences. Our systematic content analysis of sources (N = 2300) used in the UK's flagship evening news bulletins found a reliance on political sources, principally from the government's perspective. We also discovered health and scientific experts received limited coverage and were only occasionally used to scrutinise public health policy. Yet, our six-week online diary study with 175 participants identified a strong preference for expert views about how the pandemic was being handled. It showed audiences favoured a range of expert sources in routine reporting - balancing government appointed and independent experts - to provide evidence-based scrutiny of the executive's decision-making. Overall, our findings contribute to a greater understanding of audience expectations, opinions, and experiences with broadcast news during a major public health crisis.

本研究通过分析专家在报道中的使用情况以及新闻受众对专家的看法,探讨了冠状病毒大流行初期专家在英国电视新闻中的作用。我们对英国旗舰晚间新闻中使用的消息来源(N = 2300)进行了系统的内容分析,发现主要从政府角度出发的消息来源依赖于政治消息来源。我们还发现,健康和科学专家得到的报道很有限,只是偶尔被用来审查公共卫生政策。然而,我们对 175 名参与者进行了为期六周的在线日记研究,发现他们对专家关于如何处理大流行病的观点有着强烈的偏好。研究结果表明,受众在日常报道中倾向于采用一系列专家来源--兼顾政府任命的专家和独立专家--对行政部门的决策进行循证审查。总之,我们的研究结果有助于加深对重大公共卫生危机期间受众对广播新闻的期望、意见和体验的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Transforming knowledge to wisdom: Feng Qi and the new Neo-Marxist humanism 知识向智慧转化:冯与新马克思主义人本主义
IF 0.6 2区 哲学 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-11-23 DOI: 10.1080/09552367.2023.2150384
Jana S. Rošker
ABSTRACT This paper introduces the philosophical theory of Feng Qi, an important modern Chinese philosopher, who is practically unknown in the West. I argue that his theory of knowledge is not limited to epistemology in the strict and narrow sense, but also refers to ontological and metaphysical issues. The paper shows how Feng Qi integrated ontological and ethical suppositions into the framework of what he called ‘expanded epistemology’. In this way, he offers an innovative solution to several problems, linked to the dichotomous relations of substance and phenomena. The article analyses and interprets his theoretical system in order to highlight that it represents an important contribution to comparative epistemology and its underlying methodology.
本文介绍了中国近代重要的哲学家、西方鲜为人知的哲学家冯奇的哲学理论。我认为他的认识论并不局限于严格和狭义的认识论,还涉及本体论和形而上学的问题。本文展示了冯奇如何将本体论和伦理假设整合到他所谓的“扩展认识论”的框架中。通过这种方式,他为几个问题提供了创新的解决方案,这些问题与物质和现象的二分关系有关。本文对他的理论体系进行了分析和阐释,以突出其对比较认识论及其基本方法论的重要贡献。
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引用次数: 1
Śaṅkara’s philosophy of dreaming: Constructing an unreal world 西雅ṅ卡拉的做梦哲学:构建一个虚幻的世界
IF 0.6 2区 哲学 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-09-12 DOI: 10.1080/09552367.2022.2120675
Neil Dalal
ABSTRACT This article analyzes Śaṅkara’s use of dreaming in Advaita Vedānta. For Śaṅkara, dreaming functions philosophically as a direct phenomenal inquiry into mind and consciousness. Dreaming also functions as a syllogistic illustration. While dreaming, we experience unreal objects that do not exist apart from our minds. Dreaming thus illustrates the waking world’s nonrealism despite perceiving it as real, and that waking objects are consciousness alone. However, the dream illustration raises several questions: In what ways does illusory dream reality extend to waking objects? And does Śaṅkara view the objective waking world as the individual’s cognitive construction similar to the dream, or as īśvara’s cosmological construction? This article argues that for Śaṅkara, the individual’s waking cognitive construction is primarily epistemological rather than an external ontological power akin to a creator deity; however, distinctions between individual and īśvara are ultimately indeterminable and lose meaning from the standpoint of nondual brahman.
摘要本文分析ṅ卡拉在《吠陀》中对做梦的使用。对于ṅ卡拉说,做梦在哲学上是对心灵和意识的直接现象性探究。做梦也起到了三段论的作用。在做梦的时候,我们会体验到不真实的物体,这些物体并不存在于我们的脑海之外。因此,做梦说明了清醒世界的非现实性,尽管它认为它是真实的,而且清醒的物体只是意识。然而,这幅梦境插图提出了几个问题:虚幻的梦境以什么方式延伸到清醒的物体?西雅呢ṅ卡拉将客观的清醒世界视为个人类似于梦的认知结构,还是视为īśvara的宇宙学结构?本文认为ṅ卡拉,个体清醒的认知建构主要是认识论的,而不是类似于造物主神的外在本体论力量;然而,个人和īśvara之间的区别最终是不可确定的,并且从非宗教婆罗门的角度来看失去了意义。
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引用次数: 0
The concept of svasaṃvedana in Dignāga and Candrakīrti svasaṃvedana的概念在Dignāga和candrakirti
IF 0.6 2区 哲学 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.1080/09552367.2022.2119674
Tsering Nurboo
ABSTRACT The concept of reflexive awareness (Sanskrit svasaṃvedana or svasaṃvitti, Tibetan rang rig) is considered an important epistemological notion in the Dignāga tradition of Buddhist pramāṇa theory. The traditionally accepted view is that Dignāga advocates Yogācāra’s notion of reflexive awareness in the Pramāṇasamuccaya and Candrakīrti rejects it altogether. By contrast, the present paper revisits Dignāga and Candrakīrti in the context of svasaṃvedana and argues that Dignāga endorses the antarjñeyavādic notion of svasaṃvedana and Candrakīrti does not negate it at the conventional level. Candrakīrti attacks Dignāga by attributing him as an exponent of Sautrāntrika-Yogācāra notion of reflexive awareness, but his critique does not fundamentally affect Dignāga’s notion of reflexive awareness propounded in the Pramāṇasamuccaya. The submission of the paper is that the fundamental epistemic agenda of reflexive awareness in Dignāga and Candrakīrti is identical, though they diverge methodologically, and it is shown by reexamining Padma dkar po’s interpretation.
反射意识的概念(梵语svasaṃvedana或svasaṃvitti,藏语rangrig)被认为是佛教pramāṇ理论。传统上公认的观点是,Dignāga在Pramāṇ阿萨姆卡亚和坎德拉基蒂完全拒绝。相比之下,本文在svasa的背景下重新审视了Dignāga和Candrakīrtiṃvedana,并认为Dignāga赞同svasa的antarjñeyavādic概念ṃvedana和Candrakīrti并没有在传统层面上否定它。Candrakīrti攻击Dignāga,认为他是Sautrāntrika Yogācāra反身意识概念的倡导者,但他的批评并没有从根本上影响Dignága在Pramāṇ阿萨姆卡亚。本文认为,Dignāga和Candrakīrti的反射意识的基本认识议程是相同的,尽管他们在方法上存在分歧,这一点可以通过重新审视Padma dkar po的解释来证明。
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引用次数: 0
A logical analysis of the debate on Hao River 濠河之争的逻辑分析
IF 0.6 2区 哲学 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.1080/09552367.2022.2108108
Xudong Hao
ABSTRACT The debate between Zhuangzi and Huizi has profound epistemological significance, however, the main body of their debate comprises logical inferences and refutations. Therefore, this paper mainly focuses on the logical aspects of the debate. Some scholars have suggested that Huizi’s argument is self-contradictory; however, in fact, based on such evaluations of Huizi’s argument, we can conclude that Zhuangzi’s logic is also self-contradictory. By utilizing modern logical analysis tools, this study reveals what and how the propositions and inferences contained in the language of the debate are articulated accurately and strictly. Moreover, by elaborating on the implicit premises omitted by Zhuangzi and Huizi, the actual logical process of the debate can be restored, and the logical fallacy of clandestine change of argumentative issue are revealed. This study presents clear modern logic analysis of the debate; it can also provide a more reliable logical basis for the discussions of Zhuangzi and Huizi’s related philosophical thoughts.
庄子与惠子之争具有深刻的认识论意义,但其争论的主体是逻辑推理与逻辑反驳。因此,本文主要关注辩论的逻辑方面。一些学者认为惠子的论点是自相矛盾的;然而,事实上,基于对惠子论证的这种评价,我们可以得出结论,庄子的逻辑也是自相矛盾的。通过使用现代逻辑分析工具,本研究揭示了辩论语言中包含的命题和推论是如何准确和严格地表达出来的。此外,通过对庄子和惠子所遗漏的隐含前提的阐发,可以还原辩论的实际逻辑过程,揭示辩论问题暗变的逻辑谬误。本研究对这一争论提出了清晰的现代逻辑分析;也可以为探讨庄子、惠子的相关哲学思想提供更为可靠的逻辑依据。
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引用次数: 0
Apocalyptic claims and the everyday: Tosaka Jun, history, and journalism 世界末日的主张和日常:to坂君,历史和新闻
IF 0.6 2区 哲学 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/09552367.2022.2107791
Emerson R. Bodde
ABSTRACT In this paper, drawing upon Tosaka Jun’s response to Interwar debates on historicism and his account of everydayness, I offer an explanation for why contemporary secular apocalyptic claims lack convergence by focusing on the historical dimension of such claims. Everydayness, organized the routines of work and rest, is shown to be the basis for a sense of historical time, and theoretical journalism is outlined as the kind of collective epistemic procedure needed to produce a collective sense of a community’s place in historical time. I defend the claim that the cause of starkly opposed responses to apocalyptic claims is due to qualitative differences in the work and rest that organize the everyday temporality. In the absence of a theoretical journalism, whether one subscribes to an apocalyptic claim will be contingent on heterogeneous personal circumstance. I conclude by outlining a limit case of indigenous post-apocalyptic claims under settler-colonialism.
在本文中,借鉴to坂俊对两次世界大战之间关于历史主义的辩论的回应和他对日常生活的描述,我通过关注这些主张的历史维度来解释为什么当代世俗的世界末日主张缺乏收敛性。日常生活,有组织的日常工作和休息,被证明是历史时间感的基础,理论新闻被概述为一种集体认知过程,需要在历史时间中产生一个社区的集体意识。我为以下观点辩护:对末世预言的截然相反的回应是由于组织日常时间性的工作和休息的质量差异。在缺乏理论新闻的情况下,一个人是否认同世界末日的说法将取决于不同的个人情况。最后,我概述了一个在定居者殖民主义下的土著后启示录主张的极限案例。
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引用次数: 1
The origin of human morality: An evolutionary perspective on Mencius’s notion of sympathy 人类道德的起源——从进化的角度看孟子的同情观
IF 0.6 2区 哲学 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-07-17 DOI: 10.1080/09552367.2022.2099108
Kanghun Ahn
ABSTRACT This paper investigates Mencius’s notion of sympathy from the perspective of evolutionary biology. First, I point out that Mencius and evolutionary biologists concur that humans are endowed with a unique ability to sympathize with others beyond kin and friends. Subsequently, I offer an analytic account from an evolutionary perspective on how this ability emerged and developed as an innate human quality—especially referencing recent theories that state that cooperation is a crucial factor that helped foster such a quality. Further, this paper addresses in-group/out-group distinction in terms of the scope of sympathy. In particular, I respond to Donald Munro’s thesis that this distinction serves as a critical boundary for the workings of sympathy. Finally, I show that Mencius’s (and other Confucian thinkers’) thoughts on sympathy are not only compatible with modern evolutionary discourses but also contribute to the psychological mechanisms that may have enabled humans to regard others with sympathetic concern. Thus, this essay sheds light on the mechanisms of sympathy that Mencius and other Confucian thinkers illustrated as identifying oneself or one’s kin with others. I then surmise that such mechanisms most likely emerged as a fundamental psychological principle for humans initially reaching out to others.
摘要本文从进化生物学的角度探讨孟子的同情观。首先,我指出,孟子和进化生物学家一致认为,人类被赋予了一种独特的能力,能够同情亲友之外的其他人。随后,我从进化的角度对这种能力是如何作为一种与生俱来的人类素质产生和发展的进行了分析,特别是引用了最近的理论,这些理论认为合作是帮助培养这种素质的关键因素。此外,本文还从同情范围的角度探讨了群体内/群体外的区别。特别是,我回应了唐纳德·蒙罗的论点,即这种区别是同情运作的关键边界。最后,我表明,孟子(以及其他儒家思想家)的同情思想不仅与现代进化论话语相兼容,而且有助于建立可能使人类能够以同情的方式看待他人的心理机制。因此,本文揭示了孟子和其他儒家思想家所阐述的认同自己或亲人与他人的同情机制。然后我推测,这种机制很可能是人类最初接触他人的基本心理原则。
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引用次数: 1
On the philosophical function of the ‘sage’ in the Laozi 论《老子》中“圣人”的哲学功能
IF 0.6 2区 哲学 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-07-13 DOI: 10.1080/09552367.2022.2099104
P. D’Ambrosio
ABSTRACT In philosophical interpretations of the Laozi the function of the ‘sage’ is a relatively under concentrated on topic. Although nearly every scholar does have something to say about the sage, comments are usually brief and often revolve around the sage as some particular character-type; for example highlighting the sage as a ‘sage-ruler’. In this article we will argue that the sage serves as a tool for understanding the major concepts, thinking, and logic of the Laozi. While the sage does often refer to the sage-ruler this does not mean all references are politically orientated, and even those that are can easily be applied to a host of social situations. This paper thus seeks to appreciate the context for what the Laozi says by looking at how the text itself envisions the embodiment of its ideas through reference to the sage.
在《老子》的哲学阐释中,“圣人”的作用是一个相对不被重视的话题。虽然几乎每个学者都对圣人有自己的看法,但评论通常都很简短,而且往往围绕着圣人作为某种特定的人物类型;例如,突出显示圣人为“圣人统治者”。在这篇文章中,我们将论证圣人是理解《老子》的主要概念、思想和逻辑的工具。虽然圣人确实经常提到圣贤统治者,但这并不意味着所有的引用都是政治导向的,即使是那些政治导向的引用也可以很容易地应用于许多社会场合。因此,本文试图通过观察文本本身如何通过参考圣人来设想其思想的体现来欣赏老子所说的上下文。
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引用次数: 0
Some suggestions on playing games through reading the 15th Assembly of the Prajñāpāramitā-sūtra 通过阅读Prajñāpāramita-sútra第十五届大会对玩游戏的一些建议
IF 0.6 2区 哲学 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-06-28 DOI: 10.1080/09552367.2022.2079824
Chen Hsiao
ABSTRACT This paper discusses the relation between meditative practices and games, and argues that it is reasonable to see meditative practices as games based on structural features they have in common as well as the text in the 15th Assembly of the Prajñāpāramitā-sūtra, which teaches the perfection of meditative absorption and compares meditative practices to playing games implicitly. This paper then puts meditative practices seen as games in the big picture of the Buddhist Path to Enlightenment, points out in contrast to meditative practices, playing games involves two problems people face nowadays, which I call the win–lose mindset and being too emotionally invested in playing games, and develops coping strategies to cope with these problems. These coping strategies are not constructed arbitrarily but of essential features of Bodhisattvas’ meditative practices, such as non-dualistic perspectives and non-obtainment, and these features lead to a path of cessation of both problems that afflict present-day game-playing. All in all, paying more attention to mental qualities that can be engendered and cultivated in playing games is suggested in this paper.
摘要本文讨论了冥想练习与游戏的关系,并从它们共同的结构特征和Prajñāpāramitā-sūtra第15届大会的文本出发,认为将冥想练习视为游戏是合理的,该文本教导冥想吸收的完美性,并将冥想练习与隐性游戏进行比较。然后,本文将冥想练习视为游戏,并将其置于佛教启蒙之路的大背景中,指出与冥想练习相反,玩游戏涉及当今人们面临的两个问题,我称之为输赢心态和过于投入情感玩游戏,并制定应对策略来应对这些问题。这些应对策略不是随意构建的,而是菩萨冥想实践的基本特征,例如非二元视角和非获得性,这些特征导致了一条停止这两个困扰当今游戏的问题的道路。总而言之,本文建议更多地关注在玩游戏中可以产生和培养的心理素质。
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引用次数: 0
Avicenna on the problem of God’s knowledge of multiple things 阿维森纳关于上帝对多种事物的知识的问题
IF 0.6 2区 哲学 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-06-11 DOI: 10.1080/09552367.2022.2063541
Amirhossein Zadyousefi
ABSTRACT (i) God is omniscient; therefore, for any two propositions, P1 and P2, God knows both that P1 and P2. (ii) If God knows multiple things, then God is not simple. (iii) But, God is supposed to be a simple being. As is clear, propositions (i)–(iii) form an inconsistent triad. This is the general form of one of the problems, which I call the Problem of Plurality (PP), with which Avicenna was engaged concerning God’s knowledge and especially God’s knowledge of particulars. In the secondary literature around Avicenna’s theory of God’s knowledge of particulars PP has not been scrutinized. But, in this paper, without discussing Avicenna’s theory of God’s knowledge of particulars, I will explain exactly what this problem is.
摘要(一)上帝是无所不知的;因此,对于任何两个命题,P1和P2,上帝都知道P1和P2。(ii)如果上帝知道许多事情,那么上帝就不是简单的。(iii)但是,上帝应该是一个简单的存在。很明显,命题(i)-(iii)形成了一个不一致的三元组。这是其中一个问题的一般形式,我称之为多元性问题(PP),阿维森纳参与了这一问题,涉及上帝的知识,尤其是上帝对细节的知识。在围绕阿维森纳的上帝对细节的认识理论的次要文献中,PP没有被仔细审查。但是,在本文中,在不讨论阿维森纳关于上帝对细节的认识的理论的情况下,我将确切地解释这个问题是什么。
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引用次数: 0
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ASIAN PHILOSOPHY
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