Abstract The term shamanism is widely used in archaeology to describe early belief systems. Sometimes, this has taken the form of a one-size-fits-all-explanation, without a discussion of the concept or the cultural contexts it was applied to. Recently, the Early Neolithic (9600–7000 BCE) of southwestern Asia has become a focal point of this discussion. Sites like Nevalı Çori, Göbekli Tepe, Jerf el Ahmar, Körtik Tepe, Tell Abr’3, Tell Qaramel, Wadi Faynan 16, Karahantepe and Sayburç have produced rich evidence, mostly of an iconographical nature, that seems to offer direct insights into early belief systems. The current contribution uses one of the best researched sites, Göbekli Tepe, as a case study to develop criteria for the identification of shamanism in the archaeological record.
摘要考古学中广泛使用萨满教一词来描述早期的信仰体系。有时，这种解释采取了一刀切的解释形式，而没有讨论这个概念或它所适用的文化背景。最近，亚洲西南部的新石器时代早期(公元前9600-7000年)成为了这一讨论的焦点。nevalyÇori, Göbekli Tepe, Jerf el Ahmar, Körtik Tepe, Tell Abr ' 3, Tell Qaramel, Wadi Faynan 16, Karahantepe和Sayburç等网站提供了丰富的证据，其中大部分是图像性质的，似乎为早期信仰体系提供了直接的见解。目前的贡献使用了研究最好的遗址之一，Göbekli Tepe，作为一个案例研究，以制定考古记录中萨满教鉴定的标准。
{"title":"Shamanism at Early Neolithic Göbekli Tepe, southeastern Turkey. Methodological contributions to an archaeology of belief","authors":"Oliver Dietrich","doi":"10.1515/pz-2023-2033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2023-2033","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The term shamanism is widely used in archaeology to describe early belief systems. Sometimes, this has taken the form of a one-size-fits-all-explanation, without a discussion of the concept or the cultural contexts it was applied to. Recently, the Early Neolithic (9600–7000 BCE) of southwestern Asia has become a focal point of this discussion. Sites like Nevalı Çori, Göbekli Tepe, Jerf el Ahmar, Körtik Tepe, Tell Abr’3, Tell Qaramel, Wadi Faynan 16, Karahantepe and Sayburç have produced rich evidence, mostly of an iconographical nature, that seems to offer direct insights into early belief systems. The current contribution uses one of the best researched sites, Göbekli Tepe, as a case study to develop criteria for the identification of shamanism in the archaeological record.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136318819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kamil Niedziółka, Mateusz Krupski, Bogusława Kruczkowska, Dariusz Krasnodębski, Piotr Kittel, Adam Wawrusiewicz, Grzegorz Skrzyński, Przemysław Urbańczyk
Abstract The article presents the results of research carried out at Sacharewo in the Białowieża Forest, involving excavations of a barrow cemetery associated with the Roman Period and the nearby settlement, which delivered finds from the Early Bronze Age, the Iron Age, the Roman Period and the Modern Period. Noteworthy was a significant amount of material from the Iron Age and the Roman Period, linked with the Hatched Pottery and Wielbark cultures, possibly indicating a certain revival of settlement in that area between the turn of the eras and the 5th/6th century AD. Thanks to the analysis of airborne laser scanning data, it was also possible to identify a complex of ancient arable fields in the surroundings of the barrow cemetery. The excavations were conducted along with sampling for geoarchaeological and archaeobotanical analyses. A significant pool of 14 C dates was also collected. The studies idientified the remains of a stable and continuous (though not very developed and intensive) settlement on the left side of the Leśna River, a barrow cemetery and a field system, possibly used at the same time. This microregion functioned in the first centuries AD, although materials linked to the early Middle Ages were also found. At this stage, however, it is not possible to determine their continuity with finds from the Roman Period. The discoveries also provide an insight into the external cultural influences on the area during the Roman Period. The conducted research complements other recent findings from the Białowieża Forest, which, given its primeval nature and the limited role of human activity during past centuries, is an excellent area for further investigations of settlement and economy patterns from different periods.
{"title":"Living on the edge(s). Settlement revival in the Sacharewo microregion (Białowieża Forest, E Poland) during the Iron Age and Roman Period (1<sup>st</sup> c. BC/1<sup>st</sup> c. AD – 5<sup>th</sup>/6<sup>th</sup> c. AD)","authors":"Kamil Niedziółka, Mateusz Krupski, Bogusława Kruczkowska, Dariusz Krasnodębski, Piotr Kittel, Adam Wawrusiewicz, Grzegorz Skrzyński, Przemysław Urbańczyk","doi":"10.1515/pz-2023-2013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2023-2013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article presents the results of research carried out at Sacharewo in the Białowieża Forest, involving excavations of a barrow cemetery associated with the Roman Period and the nearby settlement, which delivered finds from the Early Bronze Age, the Iron Age, the Roman Period and the Modern Period. Noteworthy was a significant amount of material from the Iron Age and the Roman Period, linked with the Hatched Pottery and Wielbark cultures, possibly indicating a certain revival of settlement in that area between the turn of the eras and the 5th/6th century AD. Thanks to the analysis of airborne laser scanning data, it was also possible to identify a complex of ancient arable fields in the surroundings of the barrow cemetery. The excavations were conducted along with sampling for geoarchaeological and archaeobotanical analyses. A significant pool of 14 C dates was also collected. The studies idientified the remains of a stable and continuous (though not very developed and intensive) settlement on the left side of the Leśna River, a barrow cemetery and a field system, possibly used at the same time. This microregion functioned in the first centuries AD, although materials linked to the early Middle Ages were also found. At this stage, however, it is not possible to determine their continuity with finds from the Roman Period. The discoveries also provide an insight into the external cultural influences on the area during the Roman Period. The conducted research complements other recent findings from the Białowieża Forest, which, given its primeval nature and the limited role of human activity during past centuries, is an excellent area for further investigations of settlement and economy patterns from different periods.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136318815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jan Jílek, Alena Nejedlá, Ivana Kvetánová, Alena Selucká, Ladislav Lukeš
Abstract The study evaluates and interprets a new find of fragments of a triangular votive plaque of Iupiter Dolichenus from Újezd u Rosic, Brno-Country District (Moravia, Czech Republic) and places it in the context of the Central European Barbaricum and the Roman Middle Danube region. The team of authors presents a revision of older finds (bronze statuettes from the Homeland Museum at Hlohovec, Slovakia and from Berlin-Lichtenberg, Germany) as well as an elemental and material analysis of the find from Újezd u Rosic. Due to their isolated occurrence in the landscape, the fragments of the triangular votive plaque from Újezd u Rosic are an evidence for ritual behaviour of the local barbarian populations rather than a lost item. The presence of the plaque outside the Roman border can hypothetically be connected with the events of the Marcomannic Wars, or with the period of unrest between the Germanic tribes and the Roman power under the Late Severans.
摘要:本研究对来自捷克共和国Brno-Country District (Moravia, Czech Republic) Újezd u Rosic的Iupiter Dolichenus三角形祈祷匾碎片的新发现进行了评估和解释，并将其置于中欧Barbaricum和罗马多瑙河中部地区的背景下。作者团队对较早的发现进行了修订(来自斯洛伐克哈洛霍维奇的国土博物馆和德国柏林-利希滕贝格的青铜雕像)，并对Újezd u Rosic的发现进行了元素和材料分析。由于它们在景观中孤立出现，来自Újezd u Rosic的三角形祈祷匾碎片是当地野蛮人仪式行为的证据，而不是丢失的物品。这块匾出现在罗马边境之外，可以假设与马尔科曼尼战争事件有关，或者与日耳曼部落与晚期塞弗朗人统治下的罗马政权之间的动荡时期有关。
{"title":"The cult of Iupiter Dolichenus in the Central European Barbaricum?","authors":"Jan Jílek, Alena Nejedlá, Ivana Kvetánová, Alena Selucká, Ladislav Lukeš","doi":"10.1515/pz-2023-2008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2023-2008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study evaluates and interprets a new find of fragments of a triangular votive plaque of Iupiter Dolichenus from Újezd u Rosic, Brno-Country District (Moravia, Czech Republic) and places it in the context of the Central European Barbaricum and the Roman Middle Danube region. The team of authors presents a revision of older finds (bronze statuettes from the Homeland Museum at Hlohovec, Slovakia and from Berlin-Lichtenberg, Germany) as well as an elemental and material analysis of the find from Újezd u Rosic. Due to their isolated occurrence in the landscape, the fragments of the triangular votive plaque from Újezd u Rosic are an evidence for ritual behaviour of the local barbarian populations rather than a lost item. The presence of the plaque outside the Roman border can hypothetically be connected with the events of the Marcomannic Wars, or with the period of unrest between the Germanic tribes and the Roman power under the Late Severans.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135010792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Based on a comparable color scheme, Naqada II decorated pottery (D-ware) with spiral motifs is often described as an imitation of breccia stone vessels. Using MU5038 as an example, this article traced the time line of development for both during Naqada II. Results indicated that pottery with spiral motifs did not appear as an imitation of stone vessels, as previously thought. This article proposed that they appeared earlier with breccia vessels following as luxurious versions. The latter point could be justified by the need of the rising elite of the period to use raw materials, whose sources they controlled. Stone quarries being located outside of the Nile Valley allowed for this control. In an attempt to explain the sudden occurrence and significance of spiral motifs on D-ware pottery, this article uses analogy and “ethnographic imagination” (Lane 2005) to shed light on the origins of spiral motifs in different cultures.
{"title":"New Considerations on the Relationship between Predynastic Spiral-Patterned D-Ware Pottery and Breccia Vessels. The Contribution of an Unpublished Vessel from the Macquarie University History Museum (MU5038)","authors":"Eman Khalifa","doi":"10.1515/pz-2023-2030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2023-2030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Based on a comparable color scheme, Naqada II decorated pottery (D-ware) with spiral motifs is often described as an imitation of breccia stone vessels. Using MU5038 as an example, this article traced the time line of development for both during Naqada II. Results indicated that pottery with spiral motifs did not appear as an imitation of stone vessels, as previously thought. This article proposed that they appeared earlier with breccia vessels following as luxurious versions. The latter point could be justified by the need of the rising elite of the period to use raw materials, whose sources they controlled. Stone quarries being located outside of the Nile Valley allowed for this control. In an attempt to explain the sudden occurrence and significance of spiral motifs on D-ware pottery, this article uses analogy and “ethnographic imagination” (Lane 2005) to shed light on the origins of spiral motifs in different cultures.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135011384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marcin Szeliga, Przemysław Mroczek, Radosław Dobrowolski, Jacek Chodorowski, Maria Lityńska-Zając, Magdalena Moskal-del Hoyo, Irena Agnieszka Pidek, Daniel Makowiecki, Mirosław Furmanek, Andrzej Plak, Jadwiga Barga-Więcławska, Piotr Zagórski
Abstract The results of previous researches conducted across the upland territories of Central Europe reflect a considerably close correlation between the settlement by prehistoric agricultural societies and the ranges of the local loess covers. This correspondence – caused mainly by the high utility value of the territories in question, especially the presence of fertile soils and convenient geomorphological and hydrological conditions – is apparent even for the earliest phase of the Neolithic, and is clearly confirmed for later periods of prehistory. Until recently, this state of research concurred the interpretation that the neighbouring non-loess uplands had not been permanently settled, but only temporarily penetrated in order to exploit local resources (e.g., flint outcrops). This observation also applies to the territory being the essential subject of this paper, that is the sandy loam areas of the Iłża Piedmont, which is the direct northern forefield of the loess Sandomierz Upland. The results of interdisciplinary research conducted in this territory during the last several years allow us to considerably complete and verify the previous findings. They clearly confirm the intense and long-lasting character of the local settlement between the Early Neolithic and the Early Iron Age, as well as the typically agricultural activities of societies linked with different cultures that successively settled the discussed area during that time period. The obtained data show us the previously little known phenomenon of forming and functioning of the settlement microregions occupying uplands located outside the range of the compact loess cover, that is within ecological and landscape zones that were not preferred by prehistoric, early agricultural societies inhabiting the old upland territories of Central Europe. They also indirectly indicate the considerable flexibility and adaptability of early farmers, which made it possible for them to effectively colonise the definitely less rich territories located outside the compact area of the loess uplands since as early as the earliest phase of the Neolithic. This fact creates important possibilities for future research, allowing us to suspect that analogous settlement clusters also existed across the peripheral zones of other Central European loess uplands.
{"title":"<b>Early farming settlement of the marginal zone of loess uplands and its palaeoenvironmental context – a case study of the Iłża Piedmont (S Poland)</b>","authors":"Marcin Szeliga, Przemysław Mroczek, Radosław Dobrowolski, Jacek Chodorowski, Maria Lityńska-Zając, Magdalena Moskal-del Hoyo, Irena Agnieszka Pidek, Daniel Makowiecki, Mirosław Furmanek, Andrzej Plak, Jadwiga Barga-Więcławska, Piotr Zagórski","doi":"10.1515/pz-2023-2002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2023-2002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The results of previous researches conducted across the upland territories of Central Europe reflect a considerably close correlation between the settlement by prehistoric agricultural societies and the ranges of the local loess covers. This correspondence – caused mainly by the high utility value of the territories in question, especially the presence of fertile soils and convenient geomorphological and hydrological conditions – is apparent even for the earliest phase of the Neolithic, and is clearly confirmed for later periods of prehistory. Until recently, this state of research concurred the interpretation that the neighbouring non-loess uplands had not been permanently settled, but only temporarily penetrated in order to exploit local resources (e.g., flint outcrops). This observation also applies to the territory being the essential subject of this paper, that is the sandy loam areas of the Iłża Piedmont, which is the direct northern forefield of the loess Sandomierz Upland. The results of interdisciplinary research conducted in this territory during the last several years allow us to considerably complete and verify the previous findings. They clearly confirm the intense and long-lasting character of the local settlement between the Early Neolithic and the Early Iron Age, as well as the typically agricultural activities of societies linked with different cultures that successively settled the discussed area during that time period. The obtained data show us the previously little known phenomenon of forming and functioning of the settlement microregions occupying uplands located outside the range of the compact loess cover, that is within ecological and landscape zones that were not preferred by prehistoric, early agricultural societies inhabiting the old upland territories of Central Europe. They also indirectly indicate the considerable flexibility and adaptability of early farmers, which made it possible for them to effectively colonise the definitely less rich territories located outside the compact area of the loess uplands since as early as the earliest phase of the Neolithic. This fact creates important possibilities for future research, allowing us to suspect that analogous settlement clusters also existed across the peripheral zones of other Central European loess uplands.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135397241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mateusz Stróżyk, Aldona Garbacz-Klempka, Marta Wardas-Lasoń, Patrycja Silska, Anna Wrzesińska
Abstract This paper will discuss the results of material science analyses of artefacts from grave no. 89 in Karzec, Central Poland, that were discovered in 1959. The obtained results will be interpreted in the context of the possibility of a ‘new’ specialisation within the metallurgical workshop of the Lusatian people of the Late Bronze Age – a mouldmaker/moulder. In many terms, the grave at Karzec is a unique object for the study of Bronze Age metallurgy, as it contained not only two complete stone casting moulds but also pre-prepared raw material for the production of another mould as well as other metalworking objects. Despite this fact, it has yet to be the subject of a detailed analysis.
{"title":"Traces of a “new” Metalcraft Specialisation: A unique Late Bronze Age Burial at Karzec Cemetery","authors":"Mateusz Stróżyk, Aldona Garbacz-Klempka, Marta Wardas-Lasoń, Patrycja Silska, Anna Wrzesińska","doi":"10.1515/pz-2023-2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2023-2025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper will discuss the results of material science analyses of artefacts from grave no. 89 in Karzec, Central Poland, that were discovered in 1959. The obtained results will be interpreted in the context of the possibility of a ‘new’ specialisation within the metallurgical workshop of the Lusatian people of the Late Bronze Age – a mouldmaker/moulder. In many terms, the grave at Karzec is a unique object for the study of Bronze Age metallurgy, as it contained not only two complete stone casting moulds but also pre-prepared raw material for the production of another mould as well as other metalworking objects. Despite this fact, it has yet to be the subject of a detailed analysis.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":"241 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135397247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The connection between the Late Bronze Age (LBA) Aegean costumes and social, cultural and political changes is a rather unexplored topic. Probably the only exception are kilts, the connection of which to such changes on Crete during the 15 th century BCE remains a commonly discussed topic in studies focusing on the LBA Aegean iconography and other data sets. However, many questions remain open and the topic is far from exhausted. In this paper I build on the work of various scholars who have studied LBA Aegean kilts in the context of social, political and cultural changes. I diachronically study the changes in the representations of kilts since the beginning of the LBA in the Aegean until the end of the Palatial period on the Greek Mainland (ca. 1700/1600–1200 BCE). Moreover, I examine the spatial distribution of specific kilt types in different periods. In cases of several different kilt types appearing in contemporary contexts in the same region, I explore whether similar costumes might have had different social connotations within the same communities. Moreover, I examine the influence of elite power structures and socio-political changes on the perception of kilts. However, I do not observe kilts as passive reflections of specific social, cultural and political contexts, but rather as material forms actively used in the creation of social realities.
{"title":"A View to a Kilt – The Late Bronze Age Aegean Costume in the Context of Social and Cultural Changes","authors":"Filip Franković","doi":"10.1515/pz-2023-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2023-2021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The connection between the Late Bronze Age (LBA) Aegean costumes and social, cultural and political changes is a rather unexplored topic. Probably the only exception are kilts, the connection of which to such changes on Crete during the 15 th century BCE remains a commonly discussed topic in studies focusing on the LBA Aegean iconography and other data sets. However, many questions remain open and the topic is far from exhausted. In this paper I build on the work of various scholars who have studied LBA Aegean kilts in the context of social, political and cultural changes. I diachronically study the changes in the representations of kilts since the beginning of the LBA in the Aegean until the end of the Palatial period on the Greek Mainland (ca. 1700/1600–1200 BCE). Moreover, I examine the spatial distribution of specific kilt types in different periods. In cases of several different kilt types appearing in contemporary contexts in the same region, I explore whether similar costumes might have had different social connotations within the same communities. Moreover, I examine the influence of elite power structures and socio-political changes on the perception of kilts. However, I do not observe kilts as passive reflections of specific social, cultural and political contexts, but rather as material forms actively used in the creation of social realities.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135787213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Depositions from the South Scandinavian Bronze Age are traditionally associated with a landscape context that is restricted to division into field and bog finds. This obscures the important role of water as a location factor for depositions and the variation in the choice of deposition sites is not immediately clear. The starting point of the article is a period V multi-type deposition from Hedegyden near Nyborg, where an excavation has demonstrated that the deposition was placed at a spring. Together with more than 300 other Bronze Age depositions from the East Funen region in Denmark, relationships between the period’s depositions and the locations where they were placed in the landscape are examined chronologically and geographically, as well as within three partially overlapping water themes: in relation to springs – or places where water flows out, along watercourses and on the coast. In this study, especially the finds from springs should be highlighted, as a previously under-illuminated element of the Bronze Age wetland tradition.
{"title":"From the source to the sea − A regional study of Bronze Age depositions from eastern Funen, Denmark","authors":"Lise Frost, Malene Refshauge Beck","doi":"10.1515/pz-2022-2059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2022-2059","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Depositions from the South Scandinavian Bronze Age are traditionally associated with a landscape context that is restricted to division into field and bog finds. This obscures the important role of water as a location factor for depositions and the variation in the choice of deposition sites is not immediately clear. The starting point of the article is a period V multi-type deposition from Hedegyden near Nyborg, where an excavation has demonstrated that the deposition was placed at a spring. Together with more than 300 other Bronze Age depositions from the East Funen region in Denmark, relationships between the period’s depositions and the locations where they were placed in the landscape are examined chronologically and geographically, as well as within three partially overlapping water themes: in relation to springs – or places where water flows out, along watercourses and on the coast. In this study, especially the finds from springs should be highlighted, as a previously under-illuminated element of the Bronze Age wetland tradition.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135827677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Seima-Turbino bronzes spread in Eurasia at the transition to the Late Bronze Age. However, the absolute chronology of this horizon remains unclear. Radiocarbon chronology now determines their interval to have been ca. 22 nd –20 th centuries BC, or the first third of the 2 nd millennium BC. The presence of this tradition from Europe to China makes it possible to associate them with historical chronology. The basis for this is the chronologies of the early Shang Dynasty in China, Central Europe and the Shaft Graves of Greece. The Santorini eruption presents an opportunity to compare these chronologies. As a result, the Seima-Turbino bronzes are dated to the first half of the 17 th century BC, or within the 18 th century BC to the first half of the 16 th century BC. This suggests that as the radiocarbon method develops, its results will be close to historical chronology.
{"title":"Chronology of the Seima-Turbino bronzes, early Shang Dynasty and Santorini eruption","authors":"Stanislav Grigoriev","doi":"10.1515/pz-2023-2028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2023-2028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Seima-Turbino bronzes spread in Eurasia at the transition to the Late Bronze Age. However, the absolute chronology of this horizon remains unclear. Radiocarbon chronology now determines their interval to have been ca. 22 nd –20 th centuries BC, or the first third of the 2 nd millennium BC. The presence of this tradition from Europe to China makes it possible to associate them with historical chronology. The basis for this is the chronologies of the early Shang Dynasty in China, Central Europe and the Shaft Graves of Greece. The Santorini eruption presents an opportunity to compare these chronologies. As a result, the Seima-Turbino bronzes are dated to the first half of the 17 th century BC, or within the 18 th century BC to the first half of the 16 th century BC. This suggests that as the radiocarbon method develops, its results will be close to historical chronology.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135878456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The emergence and nature of the supra-regional Corded Ware complex in the 3 rd millennium BCE is a longstanding, classical question in European archaeology. While recent genomic and genome-wide aDNA analyses have shown that migration was part of the process by which this phenomenon spread across a vast part of Central and northern Europe, the archaeological record of the same area makes equally clear that the character of its more specific regional manifestations was not uniform. This combination calls for renewed regional studies aimed at understanding the pre-existing contexts, the situated processes and the variable outcomes of this new cultural formation, taking a contribution of migration as a starting premise rather than an explanatory end goal. This article presents such a study, focusing on a particular aspect of the so-called Single Grave burial custom on the Jutland Peninsula, which constitutes the most obvious element of Corded Ware culture in the region. Dating to the early part of this tradition ( c. 2850–2600 BCE), circular arrangements of wooden posts or planks lodged vertically in a ditch to form a circular palisade are frequently found encircling a contemporaneous human grave. Here, we provide the first systematic study of these structures, which we argue are most meaningfully referred to as mortuary palisades . We present their distribution, chronology and basic morphology as well as their association with graves and relation to burial mounds, leading to a discussion of their probable ritual function in connection with a particular, processual understanding and handling of death. Based on this general presentation, we then analyse geographical variation in the manifestation of the mortuary palisade custom and discuss potentially underlying causes, emphasizing widely differing degrees of cultural admixture of Corded Ware culture and local, pre-existing traditions and preferences in different parts of the Jutland Peninsula.
{"title":"Mortuary palisades, single graves and cultural admixture: The establishment of Corded Ware culture on the Jutland Peninsula","authors":"Simon K. Nielsen, Niels N. Johannsen","doi":"10.1515/pz-2023-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2023-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The emergence and nature of the supra-regional Corded Ware complex in the 3 rd millennium BCE is a longstanding, classical question in European archaeology. While recent genomic and genome-wide aDNA analyses have shown that migration was part of the process by which this phenomenon spread across a vast part of Central and northern Europe, the archaeological record of the same area makes equally clear that the character of its more specific regional manifestations was not uniform. This combination calls for renewed regional studies aimed at understanding the pre-existing contexts, the situated processes and the variable outcomes of this new cultural formation, taking a contribution of migration as a starting premise rather than an explanatory end goal. This article presents such a study, focusing on a particular aspect of the so-called Single Grave burial custom on the Jutland Peninsula, which constitutes the most obvious element of Corded Ware culture in the region. Dating to the early part of this tradition ( c. 2850–2600 BCE), circular arrangements of wooden posts or planks lodged vertically in a ditch to form a circular palisade are frequently found encircling a contemporaneous human grave. Here, we provide the first systematic study of these structures, which we argue are most meaningfully referred to as mortuary palisades . We present their distribution, chronology and basic morphology as well as their association with graves and relation to burial mounds, leading to a discussion of their probable ritual function in connection with a particular, processual understanding and handling of death. Based on this general presentation, we then analyse geographical variation in the manifestation of the mortuary palisade custom and discuss potentially underlying causes, emphasizing widely differing degrees of cultural admixture of Corded Ware culture and local, pre-existing traditions and preferences in different parts of the Jutland Peninsula.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135830093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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