A. Whittle, A. Marciniak, Joanna Pyzel, Marta Krueger, M. Lisowski, C. Ramsey, E. Dunbar, Alistair Barclay, A. Bayliss, B. Gaydarska
Abstract A new chronological study of the LBK in the central Polish lowlands shows that it emerged later, lasted for a shorter period, and ended sooner than has been supposed up till now. LBK communities emerged, probably in the middle of the 53rd century cal BC, to form an enclave in the central Polish lowlands, probably as a result of colonisation from loess areas in the south of Poland. Settlement steadily intensified throughout the 52nd century cal BC, reaching its peak at the beginning of Phase III. In the middle of the 51st century cal BC there followed an abrupt decline or collapse, and LBK occupation of the lowlands had probably ended completely by the end of that century. There followed an appreciable gap before the re-emergence of settlement in the form of the Late Band Pottery culture (LBPC), characterised by significantly sparser settlement, changed dwelling structures and contacts with hunter-gatherer groups. A start to the wider task of comparing the situation in the central Polish lowlands with other regional sequences is made principally by reviewing similar formal modelling of a post-LBK hiatus in the Rhineland. Possible factors causing the LBK decline are discussed, including climatic downturn, population boom and bust, warfare, cultural malaise, disease and internal social conflict. None of these is overwhelmingly convincing on its own, and one of the many challenges for continuing research in the Polish lowlands and beyond will be to find further specific evidence to decide which of this range of possibilities is most plausible in specific contexts.
{"title":"A history of the LBK in the central Polish lowlands","authors":"A. Whittle, A. Marciniak, Joanna Pyzel, Marta Krueger, M. Lisowski, C. Ramsey, E. Dunbar, Alistair Barclay, A. Bayliss, B. Gaydarska","doi":"10.1515/pz-2022-2041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2022-2041","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A new chronological study of the LBK in the central Polish lowlands shows that it emerged later, lasted for a shorter period, and ended sooner than has been supposed up till now. LBK communities emerged, probably in the middle of the 53rd century cal BC, to form an enclave in the central Polish lowlands, probably as a result of colonisation from loess areas in the south of Poland. Settlement steadily intensified throughout the 52nd century cal BC, reaching its peak at the beginning of Phase III. In the middle of the 51st century cal BC there followed an abrupt decline or collapse, and LBK occupation of the lowlands had probably ended completely by the end of that century. There followed an appreciable gap before the re-emergence of settlement in the form of the Late Band Pottery culture (LBPC), characterised by significantly sparser settlement, changed dwelling structures and contacts with hunter-gatherer groups. A start to the wider task of comparing the situation in the central Polish lowlands with other regional sequences is made principally by reviewing similar formal modelling of a post-LBK hiatus in the Rhineland. Possible factors causing the LBK decline are discussed, including climatic downturn, population boom and bust, warfare, cultural malaise, disease and internal social conflict. None of these is overwhelmingly convincing on its own, and one of the many challenges for continuing research in the Polish lowlands and beyond will be to find further specific evidence to decide which of this range of possibilities is most plausible in specific contexts.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":"97 1","pages":"377 - 408"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43817391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dariusz Manasterski, Katarzyna Januszek, Aleksandra Cetwińska
Abstract Until the beginning of the 21st century it was believed that the north-eastern border of Bell Beaker influence reaches the Vistula River basin. Recent discoveries in the North Podlachian Lowland provided grounds for verification of this belief, particularly with regards to the Masurian Lake District, which used to be considered as a territory of intensive activity of the Iwno Culture – a propagator of Bell Beaker influence in this part of Europe. This verification included materials of the highest diagnostic value – pottery and flint artefacts from two best-researched sites in this area: Ząbie X and Szestno II. As a result, fragments of pottery vessels and flint artefacts which can be conclusively associated with Bell Beakers were identified and their analyses revealed that these objects were not connected with the local Iwno Culture, but rather resembled both the materials recently unearthed in the North Podlachian Lowland and corresponding materials from the area of the Atlantic coast. This might mean that people carrying the Bell Beaker cultural package reached the area of the Masurian Lake District and North Podlachian Lowland in the Late Neolithic.
{"title":"Bell Beakers in the Masurian Lake District in north-eastern Poland – relics and identification issues","authors":"Dariusz Manasterski, Katarzyna Januszek, Aleksandra Cetwińska","doi":"10.1515/pz-2022-2032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2022-2032","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Until the beginning of the 21st century it was believed that the north-eastern border of Bell Beaker influence reaches the Vistula River basin. Recent discoveries in the North Podlachian Lowland provided grounds for verification of this belief, particularly with regards to the Masurian Lake District, which used to be considered as a territory of intensive activity of the Iwno Culture – a propagator of Bell Beaker influence in this part of Europe. This verification included materials of the highest diagnostic value – pottery and flint artefacts from two best-researched sites in this area: Ząbie X and Szestno II. As a result, fragments of pottery vessels and flint artefacts which can be conclusively associated with Bell Beakers were identified and their analyses revealed that these objects were not connected with the local Iwno Culture, but rather resembled both the materials recently unearthed in the North Podlachian Lowland and corresponding materials from the area of the Atlantic coast. This might mean that people carrying the Bell Beaker cultural package reached the area of the Masurian Lake District and North Podlachian Lowland in the Late Neolithic.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":"97 1","pages":"522 - 543"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45171290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Łuczkiewicz, Łukasz Pospieszny, Z. Belka, Sylwia Łukasik, Marta Krenz‐Niedbała, A. Kuzioła, J. Kleemann
Summary From 19 inhumation graves from the cemetery in Malbork-Wielbark (northern Poland) samples (teeth) were collected for the analysis of strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isotopes in order to try to determine the origin of the subjects. The chronological range of the analyzed statistical sample covers about 300 years of over 600 years of necropolis history, i. e. the period from the end of the early pre-Roman period (phase A3 – the last decades BC) to the C1b phase of the Roman period (more or less the first half of the 3rd century AD). The results of the analysis indicate the local origin of the studied group, and at the same time constitute an interesting contribution to the discussion on the ethnic structure of the Wielbark culture.
{"title":"Elusive Goths in northern Poland: Initial isotopic insights of the pre-Roman and Roman period populations from the Wielbark Culture cemetery in Malbork-Wielbark","authors":"P. Łuczkiewicz, Łukasz Pospieszny, Z. Belka, Sylwia Łukasik, Marta Krenz‐Niedbała, A. Kuzioła, J. Kleemann","doi":"10.1515/pz-2022-2030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2022-2030","url":null,"abstract":"Summary From 19 inhumation graves from the cemetery in Malbork-Wielbark (northern Poland) samples (teeth) were collected for the analysis of strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isotopes in order to try to determine the origin of the subjects. The chronological range of the analyzed statistical sample covers about 300 years of over 600 years of necropolis history, i. e. the period from the end of the early pre-Roman period (phase A3 – the last decades BC) to the C1b phase of the Roman period (more or less the first half of the 3rd century AD). The results of the analysis indicate the local origin of the studied group, and at the same time constitute an interesting contribution to the discussion on the ethnic structure of the Wielbark culture.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":"97 1","pages":"609 - 623"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44017850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Trampota, D. Parma, L. Lisá, V. Hrnčíř, A. Přichystal, M. N. Fišáková, Gabriela Dreslerová
Abstract The function of sunken rectangular features in the Late Neolithic has been a subject of interest in Central Europe for many years. This type of pit is not found very often. One of the latest examples is a square Lengyel feature in the village of Střelice near Brno. A study of the microstratigraphy of the fill has made it possible to qualitatively move the debate to a new level. The qualitative assessment of bone micro-fragments is also innovative for the method of micromorphology in the archaeological context. The study also includes an analysis of artefacts in the actual fill of feature 562, especially the deposits of fragments of “other lithic industry”, pottery and parts of an animal’s body. The discovered situation is then interpreted in the context of other known contemporary features of this type. The presence of excrement with digested bone micro-fragments in the lower layer and the absence of a floor treatment, tread horizon or bedding can be interpreted in the context of ethnohistorical analogies, e. g., as the short-term use of a faecal pit for an omnivorous or carnivorous species (bear) with a subsequent ritual ending.
{"title":"New Perspective on Neolithic Rectangular Features Using Artefact Analysis, Soil Micromorphology and Ethnohistorical Analogies. A Case study from Střelice u Brna, South Moravia, Czech Republic","authors":"F. Trampota, D. Parma, L. Lisá, V. Hrnčíř, A. Přichystal, M. N. Fišáková, Gabriela Dreslerová","doi":"10.1515/pz-2022-2046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2022-2046","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The function of sunken rectangular features in the Late Neolithic has been a subject of interest in Central Europe for many years. This type of pit is not found very often. One of the latest examples is a square Lengyel feature in the village of Střelice near Brno. A study of the microstratigraphy of the fill has made it possible to qualitatively move the debate to a new level. The qualitative assessment of bone micro-fragments is also innovative for the method of micromorphology in the archaeological context. The study also includes an analysis of artefacts in the actual fill of feature 562, especially the deposits of fragments of “other lithic industry”, pottery and parts of an animal’s body. The discovered situation is then interpreted in the context of other known contemporary features of this type. The presence of excrement with digested bone micro-fragments in the lower layer and the absence of a floor treatment, tread horizon or bedding can be interpreted in the context of ethnohistorical analogies, e. g., as the short-term use of a faecal pit for an omnivorous or carnivorous species (bear) with a subsequent ritual ending.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":"97 1","pages":"459 - 494"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44490519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mircea Babeș, Vasile Iarmulschi, Așezarea și necropola de tip Poienești-Lucașeuca de la Borosești. Biblioteca Tyragetia XXXII (Chișinău 2020). Hardcover, 230 pages, 54 Plates, ISBN 978-9975-87-747-3","authors":"Sergiu Matveev","doi":"10.1515/pz-2022-2055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2022-2055","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":"97 1","pages":"370 - 371"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47447575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Kadrow, J. Forysiak, D. Okupny, Thomas Saile, M. Posselt, Anna Rauba-Bukowska, M. Wąs, Juliusz Twardy, A. Golański, Joanna Abramów
Abstract The aim of the article is to characterize the early Neolithic settlement region of Targowisko in SE Poland. It is located on the northern edge of the Western Carpathians, 30 km east of Krakow. It functioned during the development of the entire Linear Pottery culture (LBK) and the subsequent Malice culture (MC), in the period from 5300 to 4500 BC. The focus was on the cultural transformation at the turn of the 6th to the 5th millennium BC. Cases of decisive cultural change (e. g. forms and ornamentation of ceramics, dwellings construction, directions of the supply of stone materials, the organization of inhabited space) and cases of continuity (elements of ceramics technology and flint production, continuation of settlement processes and subsistence strategy) were recorded. Cultural change is best represented by the symbolic realm and continuity in the utilitarian realm. These processes were projected onto a reconstructed, dynamic picture of environmental changes recorded in the palynological and geochemical material. Impulses from various cultural environments contributed to the formation of the MC, which proves its heterogeneous character and the complicated course of its genesis.
{"title":"The Early Neolithic Cultural Transformation in the Targowisko Settlement Region, SE Poland","authors":"S. Kadrow, J. Forysiak, D. Okupny, Thomas Saile, M. Posselt, Anna Rauba-Bukowska, M. Wąs, Juliusz Twardy, A. Golański, Joanna Abramów","doi":"10.1515/pz-2022-2038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2022-2038","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of the article is to characterize the early Neolithic settlement region of Targowisko in SE Poland. It is located on the northern edge of the Western Carpathians, 30 km east of Krakow. It functioned during the development of the entire Linear Pottery culture (LBK) and the subsequent Malice culture (MC), in the period from 5300 to 4500 BC. The focus was on the cultural transformation at the turn of the 6th to the 5th millennium BC. Cases of decisive cultural change (e. g. forms and ornamentation of ceramics, dwellings construction, directions of the supply of stone materials, the organization of inhabited space) and cases of continuity (elements of ceramics technology and flint production, continuation of settlement processes and subsistence strategy) were recorded. Cultural change is best represented by the symbolic realm and continuity in the utilitarian realm. These processes were projected onto a reconstructed, dynamic picture of environmental changes recorded in the palynological and geochemical material. Impulses from various cultural environments contributed to the formation of the MC, which proves its heterogeneous character and the complicated course of its genesis.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":"97 1","pages":"409 - 446"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47057126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zusammenfassung Thema des Beitrages ist die Bedeutung der Kessel- und zoomorphen Modellwagen in der Späten Bronze- und Frühen Eisenzeit. Die Überlegungen gehen von einer vollständigen Vorlage und typo-chronologischen Analyse aller 1880 geborgenen Funde aus einer Grabhügelgruppe auf der Glasinac-Hochebene aus, in deren größtem Tumulus das Zentralgrab einen Vogelrindwagen und andere Ritual- und Symposialobjekte enthielt. Vergleiche mit italischen und balkanischen Vogel(rind)wägen und ihren Grabzusammenhängen werden gezogen. Weitere entscheidende Punkte betreffen den sozialen Status der mit einem Modellwagen Verstorbenen, die kultische Funktion dieser Miniaturwägen und den Inhalt der Wagenkessel bzw. zoomorphen Behälter.
{"title":"Der Vogelrindwagen vom Glasinac (Bosnien) im Grabkontext und die kultische Bedeutung der Kesselwägen","authors":"A. Lippert","doi":"10.1515/pz-2022-2049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2022-2049","url":null,"abstract":"Zusammenfassung Thema des Beitrages ist die Bedeutung der Kessel- und zoomorphen Modellwagen in der Späten Bronze- und Frühen Eisenzeit. Die Überlegungen gehen von einer vollständigen Vorlage und typo-chronologischen Analyse aller 1880 geborgenen Funde aus einer Grabhügelgruppe auf der Glasinac-Hochebene aus, in deren größtem Tumulus das Zentralgrab einen Vogelrindwagen und andere Ritual- und Symposialobjekte enthielt. Vergleiche mit italischen und balkanischen Vogel(rind)wägen und ihren Grabzusammenhängen werden gezogen. Weitere entscheidende Punkte betreffen den sozialen Status der mit einem Modellwagen Verstorbenen, die kultische Funktion dieser Miniaturwägen und den Inhalt der Wagenkessel bzw. zoomorphen Behälter.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":"97 1","pages":"571 - 608"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42079057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zusammenfassung In diesem Beitrag wird ein spezieller Aspekt der Bestattungssitten im Rahmen der kulturellen Interaktionen im späten Frühmittelalter im Ostseeraum betrachtet: Die Nachnutzung alter Grabhügelfelder durch skandinavische Gruppen an der südlichen Ostseeküste. In dieser Zeit kommt es zu verstärkten Kontakten zwischen skandinavischen Gruppen und an der südlichen Ostseeküste siedelnden Gemeinschaften. In diesem Zusammenhang kommt es zur Gründung von Handelsorten und Kolonien skandinavischer Gruppen an der südlichen Ostseeküste. Bei den zugehörigen Bestattungsplätzen lässt sich an verschiedenen Fundorten die Nachnutzung alter Grabhügelfelder aufzeigen. Diese Nachnutzung stellt in diesem speziellen Fall eine Aneignung dar, mit der einerseits innergesellschaftliche Aspekte, wie beispielsweise die Stärkung der Gruppenidentität, ausgehandelt werden und eine (fiktive) kollektive Erinnerung geschaffen wird. Andererseits finden sie im Rahmen interkultureller Kontakte statt und bieten somit Anknüpfungspunkte an die Frage der interkulturellen Interaktion. Dabei ist die Nachnutzung und Aneignung der Bestattungsplätze im Zusammenhang mit der Legitimation der Anwesenheit auch gegenüber den heimischen Siedlungsgruppen, der Genese eines auf die Örtlichkeiten bezogenen kulturellen Gedächtnisses und der Überwindung von Fremdheit zu sehen.
{"title":"Eine ferne Vergangenheit in fernen Landen … Vergangenheitsbezüge und interkulturelle Kommunikation bei frühmittelalterlichen Bestattungsplätzen mit skandinavischer Prägung im südlichen Ostseeraum","authors":"R. Schumann","doi":"10.1515/pz-2022-2040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2022-2040","url":null,"abstract":"Zusammenfassung In diesem Beitrag wird ein spezieller Aspekt der Bestattungssitten im Rahmen der kulturellen Interaktionen im späten Frühmittelalter im Ostseeraum betrachtet: Die Nachnutzung alter Grabhügelfelder durch skandinavische Gruppen an der südlichen Ostseeküste. In dieser Zeit kommt es zu verstärkten Kontakten zwischen skandinavischen Gruppen und an der südlichen Ostseeküste siedelnden Gemeinschaften. In diesem Zusammenhang kommt es zur Gründung von Handelsorten und Kolonien skandinavischer Gruppen an der südlichen Ostseeküste. Bei den zugehörigen Bestattungsplätzen lässt sich an verschiedenen Fundorten die Nachnutzung alter Grabhügelfelder aufzeigen. Diese Nachnutzung stellt in diesem speziellen Fall eine Aneignung dar, mit der einerseits innergesellschaftliche Aspekte, wie beispielsweise die Stärkung der Gruppenidentität, ausgehandelt werden und eine (fiktive) kollektive Erinnerung geschaffen wird. Andererseits finden sie im Rahmen interkultureller Kontakte statt und bieten somit Anknüpfungspunkte an die Frage der interkulturellen Interaktion. Dabei ist die Nachnutzung und Aneignung der Bestattungsplätze im Zusammenhang mit der Legitimation der Anwesenheit auch gegenüber den heimischen Siedlungsgruppen, der Genese eines auf die Örtlichkeiten bezogenen kulturellen Gedächtnisses und der Überwindung von Fremdheit zu sehen.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":"97 1","pages":"646 - 667"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43826694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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