Zusammenfassung Bernstein besitzt als fossiles Baumharz aufgrund seiner spezifischen physischen Eigenschaften eine Aura, die ihn bis heute gleichermaßen als Schmuckstein und magisch-religiöses Amulett begehrt machte. Die überregionale, im antiken Sinne ‚globale‘ Verbreitung des baltischen Succinits findet ihren Niederschlag auch in den Ostalpen. Besonders der zentrale Kommunikationskorridor entlang der Salzach und des anschließenden Tauerntransits besticht während aller Epochen durch eine hohe Dichte von Bernsteinobjekten. Die Region dient deshalb als Modellfall zur Untersuchung zeitlich variabler Aspekte der Aneignung, Nutzung, ideellen Bedeutung und Verbreitung des Bernsteins. Neben sehr seltenen bronzezeitlichen Objekten und einer häufigeren Verwendung in der frühen Eisenzeit ist der Dürrnberg bei Hallein neben dem benachbarten Salzrevier von Hallstatt einer der europäischen Schwerpunkte der Bernsteinnutzung während der Späthallstatt- und Frühlatènezeit. Hier liefern neue quantitative und qualitative Analysen Indizien für sich wandelnde Muster in Trageweise, Nutzung und symbolisch-magischer Bedeutung von Bernsteinschmuck. In der jüngeren Latènezeit kommt es regional und in weiteren Bereichen Europas zu einem graduellen Rückgang der Bernsteinnutzung. Er setzt sich in der römischen Kaiserzeit im Gebiet des municipium Claudium Iuvavum fort, bevor ein letztes Aufleben des Bernsteinschmucks im Frühmittelalter einsetzte. In diachroner Perspektive werden zeitspezifische Muster in der Verwendung und Integration des fremdartigen Rohstoffes in die indigene materielle Kultur und magische Vorstellungswelt deutlich. Bernstein erscheint allerdings nicht nur als ‚Beiprodukt‘ rein ökonomischer Kommunikation entlang transregionaler Handels- und Verkehrsbeziehungen der sogenannten ‚Bernsteinstraßen‘. Vielmehr zeigen qualitative und quantitative Analysen, dass der Bernstein zu unterschiedlichen Zeiten bewusst als Medium sozialer Kommunikation gewählt oder verworfen sowie inhaltlich mit konkreten Bedeutungen belegt wurde. In Prozessen intentioneller kultureller Aneignung offenbart das exotische Material damit die differenzierte Entscheidungs- und Handlungskompetenz indigener Gemeinschaften der mitteleuropäischen Ur- und Frühgeschichte.
{"title":"Salzburgs tränenreiche Urgeschichte – Bernstein als Medium sozialer und kultureller Interaktion","authors":"Holger Wendling","doi":"10.1515/pz-2023-2015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2023-2015","url":null,"abstract":"Zusammenfassung Bernstein besitzt als fossiles Baumharz aufgrund seiner spezifischen physischen Eigenschaften eine Aura, die ihn bis heute gleichermaßen als Schmuckstein und magisch-religiöses Amulett begehrt machte. Die überregionale, im antiken Sinne ‚globale‘ Verbreitung des baltischen Succinits findet ihren Niederschlag auch in den Ostalpen. Besonders der zentrale Kommunikationskorridor entlang der Salzach und des anschließenden Tauerntransits besticht während aller Epochen durch eine hohe Dichte von Bernsteinobjekten. Die Region dient deshalb als Modellfall zur Untersuchung zeitlich variabler Aspekte der Aneignung, Nutzung, ideellen Bedeutung und Verbreitung des Bernsteins. Neben sehr seltenen bronzezeitlichen Objekten und einer häufigeren Verwendung in der frühen Eisenzeit ist der Dürrnberg bei Hallein neben dem benachbarten Salzrevier von Hallstatt einer der europäischen Schwerpunkte der Bernsteinnutzung während der Späthallstatt- und Frühlatènezeit. Hier liefern neue quantitative und qualitative Analysen Indizien für sich wandelnde Muster in Trageweise, Nutzung und symbolisch-magischer Bedeutung von Bernsteinschmuck. In der jüngeren Latènezeit kommt es regional und in weiteren Bereichen Europas zu einem graduellen Rückgang der Bernsteinnutzung. Er setzt sich in der römischen Kaiserzeit im Gebiet des municipium Claudium Iuvavum fort, bevor ein letztes Aufleben des Bernsteinschmucks im Frühmittelalter einsetzte. In diachroner Perspektive werden zeitspezifische Muster in der Verwendung und Integration des fremdartigen Rohstoffes in die indigene materielle Kultur und magische Vorstellungswelt deutlich. Bernstein erscheint allerdings nicht nur als ‚Beiprodukt‘ rein ökonomischer Kommunikation entlang transregionaler Handels- und Verkehrsbeziehungen der sogenannten ‚Bernsteinstraßen‘. Vielmehr zeigen qualitative und quantitative Analysen, dass der Bernstein zu unterschiedlichen Zeiten bewusst als Medium sozialer Kommunikation gewählt oder verworfen sowie inhaltlich mit konkreten Bedeutungen belegt wurde. In Prozessen intentioneller kultureller Aneignung offenbart das exotische Material damit die differenzierte Entscheidungs- und Handlungskompetenz indigener Gemeinschaften der mitteleuropäischen Ur- und Frühgeschichte.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135981447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jacek Gackowski, Łukasz Kowalski, Aldona Garbacz-Klempka, Anna Rembisz-Lubiejewska, Agnieszka Noryśkiewicz, Dariusz Kamiński, Andrzej Podgórski, Grażyna Szczepańska, Paweł Molewski, Mateusz Sosnowski, Marek Kołyszko, Magdalena Kozicka, Albin Sokół
Zusammenfassung Im Herbst 2020 entdeckte eine Gruppe von Detektorgängern auf einer bewaldeten Düne in der Nähe des Dorfes Cierpice in Nordzentralpolen 150 Bronzefunde. Der Fund umfasst Backenstücke, Phalerae, Rassel- und Terretringe sowie Zügelmanschetten mit Drahtgliedern, die einst Teil eines Pferdezaumzeugs aus der Endbronzezeit waren. Die Zaumzeugteile wurden zusammen mit einem Tüllenbeil in Pflanzenfasern eingewickelt und dann sorgfältig in einen organischen Beutel gelegt, der verrottet war. In diesem Artikel werden die Ergebnisse der archäologischen, metallographischen und paläobotanischen Untersuchungen des Hortes vorgestellt und diskutiert, unterstützt durch andere archäologisch dokumentierte Daten. Diese werden mit den Mustern der Bewegung und des Verbrauchs von Metallwaren im heutigen Polen während der Lausitzer Periode und dem weiteren Kontext der nordeuropäischen Bronzezeit in Beziehung gesetzt.
{"title":"A Final Bronze Age hoard from Cierpice, Poland: new evidence for the use and deposition of a horse bridle in the region","authors":"Jacek Gackowski, Łukasz Kowalski, Aldona Garbacz-Klempka, Anna Rembisz-Lubiejewska, Agnieszka Noryśkiewicz, Dariusz Kamiński, Andrzej Podgórski, Grażyna Szczepańska, Paweł Molewski, Mateusz Sosnowski, Marek Kołyszko, Magdalena Kozicka, Albin Sokół","doi":"10.1515/pz-2023-2018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2023-2018","url":null,"abstract":"Zusammenfassung Im Herbst 2020 entdeckte eine Gruppe von Detektorgängern auf einer bewaldeten Düne in der Nähe des Dorfes Cierpice in Nordzentralpolen 150 Bronzefunde. Der Fund umfasst Backenstücke, Phalerae, Rassel- und Terretringe sowie Zügelmanschetten mit Drahtgliedern, die einst Teil eines Pferdezaumzeugs aus der Endbronzezeit waren. Die Zaumzeugteile wurden zusammen mit einem Tüllenbeil in Pflanzenfasern eingewickelt und dann sorgfältig in einen organischen Beutel gelegt, der verrottet war. In diesem Artikel werden die Ergebnisse der archäologischen, metallographischen und paläobotanischen Untersuchungen des Hortes vorgestellt und diskutiert, unterstützt durch andere archäologisch dokumentierte Daten. Diese werden mit den Mustern der Bewegung und des Verbrauchs von Metallwaren im heutigen Polen während der Lausitzer Periode und dem weiteren Kontext der nordeuropäischen Bronzezeit in Beziehung gesetzt.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136023686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The approach developed by Gottfried Semper in the mid-19 th century seems to be quite productive for studying the evolution of forms and decoration of objects of material culture. Based on the relationship between the properties of materials and technologies, it formed the basis of modern design practices. The use of this approach makes it possible to explain many phenomena, particularly, the emergence of skeuomorphic forms of ornament (so-called ‘technical ornament’), and also to expand our understanding of materials and technologies that have not reached our time. The reconstruction of non-preserved elements of culture can be complemented by studies on their visual representation in fine art. The principle of development of material culture can also be represented as a movement from the archetype to the material embodiment of ideas, which is possible at the corresponding level of technological development.
{"title":"Some remarks on studies of Prehistoric craft production from the perspective of Gottfried Semper’s ideas","authors":"Ilia Palaguta","doi":"10.1515/pz-2023-2029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2023-2029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The approach developed by Gottfried Semper in the mid-19 th century seems to be quite productive for studying the evolution of forms and decoration of objects of material culture. Based on the relationship between the properties of materials and technologies, it formed the basis of modern design practices. The use of this approach makes it possible to explain many phenomena, particularly, the emergence of skeuomorphic forms of ornament (so-called ‘technical ornament’), and also to expand our understanding of materials and technologies that have not reached our time. The reconstruction of non-preserved elements of culture can be complemented by studies on their visual representation in fine art. The principle of development of material culture can also be represented as a movement from the archetype to the material embodiment of ideas, which is possible at the corresponding level of technological development.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135979324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Eisenzeitlicher Bernstein: Analytische Methoden, Möglichkeiten und erste Ergebnisse","authors":"Antje Kozak, Thomas Stöllner","doi":"10.1515/pz-2023-2016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2023-2016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135980355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In 2010, the remains of a pond turtle were discovered at the bottom of a secondary pit (“robbery” trench) in one of the graves (feature 963) in the Wielbark Culture cemetery at Czarnówko (PL). This paper attempts to characterise the find from Czarnówko in the context of two important questions: the opening of graves and the presence of turtle remains in the grave against the background of similar finds from the Central and East European Barbaricum. The problem of post-burial manipulation affects about 90 % of the graves in the cemetery at Czarnówko. The situation from grave 963 finds analogies in the burial grounds of the Masłomęcz Group, the Chernyakhiv culture and the Sarmatian and Longobard sites. The problem of the presence of these reptiles in the graves is related as it turns out to the phenomenon of grave opening, a phenomenon of great territorial and chronological extent observed in the areas where inhumation was practised during the Roman Period and the Migration Period.
{"title":"Opening graves and turtles. The pond turtle (Emys orbicularis L.) from the cemetery of the Wielbark Culture in Czarnówko and the question of post-funeral interferences in the past","authors":"K. Skóra","doi":"10.1515/pz-2023-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2023-2023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In 2010, the remains of a pond turtle were discovered at the bottom of a secondary pit (“robbery” trench) in one of the graves (feature 963) in the Wielbark Culture cemetery at Czarnówko (PL). This paper attempts to characterise the find from Czarnówko in the context of two important questions: the opening of graves and the presence of turtle remains in the grave against the background of similar finds from the Central and East European Barbaricum. The problem of post-burial manipulation affects about 90 % of the graves in the cemetery at Czarnówko. The situation from grave 963 finds analogies in the burial grounds of the Masłomęcz Group, the Chernyakhiv culture and the Sarmatian and Longobard sites. The problem of the presence of these reptiles in the graves is related as it turns out to the phenomenon of grave opening, a phenomenon of great territorial and chronological extent observed in the areas where inhumation was practised during the Roman Period and the Migration Period.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49658684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dagmara Łaciak, Tomasz Stolarczyk, E. Ribechini, J. La Nasa, J. Łucejko
Abstract Usage patterns are one of the leading research issues in archaeological pottery studies. Non-cinerary vessels deposited in burials of the Lusatian Urnfield are particularly intriguing since they did not typically undergo detailed functional analysis. Their function has usually been determined based on the shape and surface treatment. Thus, grave pottery is widely regarded to have been explicitly fashioned for mortuary practices and not used for other purposes. It applies particularly to ceramic items other than containers, such as zoomorphic vessels, figurines, and rattles, which must have played a significant role in funeral ceremonies. The paper presents the outcome of morphological, stylistic and chromatographic analyses of vessels deposited in the Lusatian Urnfield cremation graves found at site 2 in Czernikowice, Legnica district, Poland. The ceramic items come from well-investigated grave contexts dated to Montelius’ periods IV and V. The results indicate that most of the analysed vessels had contact with substances of vegetal and faunal origin.
{"title":"Identifying the original function of vessels deposited in Lusatian Urnfield burials: the case of the Czernikowice cemetery (Poland)","authors":"Dagmara Łaciak, Tomasz Stolarczyk, E. Ribechini, J. La Nasa, J. Łucejko","doi":"10.1515/pz-2023-2017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2023-2017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Usage patterns are one of the leading research issues in archaeological pottery studies. Non-cinerary vessels deposited in burials of the Lusatian Urnfield are particularly intriguing since they did not typically undergo detailed functional analysis. Their function has usually been determined based on the shape and surface treatment. Thus, grave pottery is widely regarded to have been explicitly fashioned for mortuary practices and not used for other purposes. It applies particularly to ceramic items other than containers, such as zoomorphic vessels, figurines, and rattles, which must have played a significant role in funeral ceremonies. The paper presents the outcome of morphological, stylistic and chromatographic analyses of vessels deposited in the Lusatian Urnfield cremation graves found at site 2 in Czernikowice, Legnica district, Poland. The ceramic items come from well-investigated grave contexts dated to Montelius’ periods IV and V. The results indicate that most of the analysed vessels had contact with substances of vegetal and faunal origin.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":"33 1","pages":"589 - 602"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139343225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Czopek, T. Tokarczyk, K. Trybała-Zawiślak, Joanna Adamik-Proksa, M. Burghardt, Ewelina Ocadryga-Tokarczyk, Wojciech Rajpold
Abstract The article presents the methodology of archaeological research on the hillfort in Chotyniec in south-eastern Poland. In addition to other elements, the research project included the discovery and examination of an object known as a zolnik. A zolnik is a unique object which functioned as a cult place where rituals took the form of communal feasts. Similar objects can be found among those located in the forest-steppe zone of Eastern Europe, which in the early Iron Age was influenced by the Scythian culture. The research methodology presented in the article deviates significantly from that used so far in relation to the investigation of zolniks. This is due to the focus on identifying the most complete spatial and functional context possible, as well as creating a permanent excavation documentation for further analysis and verification. Particular emphasis was placed on the accuracy and meticulousness of documenting the discoveries, which would not have been possible without the application and implementation of spatial information systems. Due to its innovative nature, the article is also intended to start a discussion about the way in which the proposed change in the methods of zolnik examination translates into greater interpretation possibilities. This applies to both functional and chronological issues, which in turn leads to a fuller knowledge and reconstruction of these objects.
{"title":"Research methodology of the zolnik (ash hill) at the Scythian cultural circle hillfort in Chotyniec","authors":"S. Czopek, T. Tokarczyk, K. Trybała-Zawiślak, Joanna Adamik-Proksa, M. Burghardt, Ewelina Ocadryga-Tokarczyk, Wojciech Rajpold","doi":"10.1515/pz-2022-2061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2022-2061","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article presents the methodology of archaeological research on the hillfort in Chotyniec in south-eastern Poland. In addition to other elements, the research project included the discovery and examination of an object known as a zolnik. A zolnik is a unique object which functioned as a cult place where rituals took the form of communal feasts. Similar objects can be found among those located in the forest-steppe zone of Eastern Europe, which in the early Iron Age was influenced by the Scythian culture. The research methodology presented in the article deviates significantly from that used so far in relation to the investigation of zolniks. This is due to the focus on identifying the most complete spatial and functional context possible, as well as creating a permanent excavation documentation for further analysis and verification. Particular emphasis was placed on the accuracy and meticulousness of documenting the discoveries, which would not have been possible without the application and implementation of spatial information systems. Due to its innovative nature, the article is also intended to start a discussion about the way in which the proposed change in the methods of zolnik examination translates into greater interpretation possibilities. This applies to both functional and chronological issues, which in turn leads to a fuller knowledge and reconstruction of these objects.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48646083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dmytro Kiosak, N. Kotova, Olha Demchenko, A. Bardeckyi, Dagmara H. Werra
Abstract This paper addresses the earliest Neolithic phases in Ukraine: aspects relating to the chronology, methods and time of Neolithisation. In general, the earliest Neolithisation relates to the times of the Linear Pottery culture. Nevertheless, Ukraine has numerous eco-zones so the process could have been different in other zones. The authors emphasize that the key to getting closer to solving this problem is the chronology-re-dating and validation program. Hitherto dates of one culture or period of culture have been treated against each other. This article presents a small series of AMS from well-defined contexts of four sites, previously dated by the Kyiv radiocarbon facility. The results are compared with existing dates in order to establish the validity of existing chronologies for the Neolithic of Ukraine. Obtained results allowed the authors to conclude that the Kyiv dates should not be obligatorily treated as wrong. Furthermore, the authors reopened the discussion to establish what was the role of LBK and Azov-Dnieper culture communities in spreading farming and herding in Ukraine during the second half of the VIth millennium BC.
{"title":"Verifying the chronology of Ukrainian Neolithic","authors":"Dmytro Kiosak, N. Kotova, Olha Demchenko, A. Bardeckyi, Dagmara H. Werra","doi":"10.1515/pz-2022-2058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2022-2058","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper addresses the earliest Neolithic phases in Ukraine: aspects relating to the chronology, methods and time of Neolithisation. In general, the earliest Neolithisation relates to the times of the Linear Pottery culture. Nevertheless, Ukraine has numerous eco-zones so the process could have been different in other zones. The authors emphasize that the key to getting closer to solving this problem is the chronology-re-dating and validation program. Hitherto dates of one culture or period of culture have been treated against each other. This article presents a small series of AMS from well-defined contexts of four sites, previously dated by the Kyiv radiocarbon facility. The results are compared with existing dates in order to establish the validity of existing chronologies for the Neolithic of Ukraine. Obtained results allowed the authors to conclude that the Kyiv dates should not be obligatorily treated as wrong. Furthermore, the authors reopened the discussion to establish what was the role of LBK and Azov-Dnieper culture communities in spreading farming and herding in Ukraine during the second half of the VIth millennium BC.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48031823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The results of archaeological research carried out on the early medieval stronghold in Santok prove that from the 2nd half of the 8th century it functioned in the contact zone between Baltic trade centres and inland, as one of the points in the network of goods exchange. We present the centre in a broader context, not only from the perspective of discovered artefacts but from the natural and ideological elements of the landscape of this place created by the communities inhabiting the Warta and Noteć valleys in the 8th and 9th centuries. The settlement was founded in a convergence of waterways in a way that perfectly uses elements of the topography of the area. Wetlands were important ecological niches for residents whose lifestyle was associated with exploring both the valley and upland zones. Santok is difficult to interpret merely as a mere reflection of the practicality of power or economic activity, including manufacturing and trade. It is a clearly legible place in the landscape, with a symbolic structure that represents the concepts of the cosmological order related to the spatial organization of the exchange point and the communication node. So far Santok is the only recognized trading post on a waterway, in this part of the Slavic region, with such an early chronology. Thus we have attempted to present the landscape of this place, considering its many elements, at different levels of perception and in a broad context.
{"title":"The marketplace landscape in Santok in the 8th–9th century, NW Poland","authors":"Kinga Zamelska-Monczak, A. Piotrowski, P. Sydor","doi":"10.1515/pz-2023-2007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2023-2007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The results of archaeological research carried out on the early medieval stronghold in Santok prove that from the 2nd half of the 8th century it functioned in the contact zone between Baltic trade centres and inland, as one of the points in the network of goods exchange. We present the centre in a broader context, not only from the perspective of discovered artefacts but from the natural and ideological elements of the landscape of this place created by the communities inhabiting the Warta and Noteć valleys in the 8th and 9th centuries. The settlement was founded in a convergence of waterways in a way that perfectly uses elements of the topography of the area. Wetlands were important ecological niches for residents whose lifestyle was associated with exploring both the valley and upland zones. Santok is difficult to interpret merely as a mere reflection of the practicality of power or economic activity, including manufacturing and trade. It is a clearly legible place in the landscape, with a symbolic structure that represents the concepts of the cosmological order related to the spatial organization of the exchange point and the communication node. So far Santok is the only recognized trading post on a waterway, in this part of the Slavic region, with such an early chronology. Thus we have attempted to present the landscape of this place, considering its many elements, at different levels of perception and in a broad context.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47595314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Hlavica, K. Slávicek, Lucie Valášková, J. Petřík, D. Všianský
Zusammenfassung Der vorliegende Artikel präsentiert eine archäologische Methode zum Nachweis marktwirtschaftlichen Austausches anhand von Keramik, die hier als typische Handelsware definiert ist. Ein Keramikkomplex aus dem großmährischen (9. Jh.) Zentralort Staré Město bei Uherské Hradiště wurde archäometrisch (XRF, Petrographie, XRD) untersucht. Das Ergebnis zeigt ein komplexes Handelsnetz zwischen dem Zentrum und Teilen des Hinterlandes. Weiterhin bestätigen die Ergebnisse die These einer Einbindung des Zentrums in ein regionales Marktsystem und helfen, die Kommerzialisierungsprozesse der lokalen frühmittelalterlichen Wirtschaft zu verstehen.
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