Abstract Based on a comparable color scheme, Naqada II decorated pottery (D-ware) with spiral motifs is often described as an imitation of breccia stone vessels. Using MU5038 as an example, this article traced the time line of development for both during Naqada II. Results indicated that pottery with spiral motifs did not appear as an imitation of stone vessels, as previously thought. This article proposed that they appeared earlier with breccia vessels following as luxurious versions. The latter point could be justified by the need of the rising elite of the period to use raw materials, whose sources they controlled. Stone quarries being located outside of the Nile Valley allowed for this control. In an attempt to explain the sudden occurrence and significance of spiral motifs on D-ware pottery, this article uses analogy and “ethnographic imagination” (Lane 2005) to shed light on the origins of spiral motifs in different cultures.
{"title":"New Considerations on the Relationship between Predynastic Spiral-Patterned D-Ware Pottery and Breccia Vessels. The Contribution of an Unpublished Vessel from the Macquarie University History Museum (MU5038)","authors":"Eman Khalifa","doi":"10.1515/pz-2023-2030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2023-2030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Based on a comparable color scheme, Naqada II decorated pottery (D-ware) with spiral motifs is often described as an imitation of breccia stone vessels. Using MU5038 as an example, this article traced the time line of development for both during Naqada II. Results indicated that pottery with spiral motifs did not appear as an imitation of stone vessels, as previously thought. This article proposed that they appeared earlier with breccia vessels following as luxurious versions. The latter point could be justified by the need of the rising elite of the period to use raw materials, whose sources they controlled. Stone quarries being located outside of the Nile Valley allowed for this control. In an attempt to explain the sudden occurrence and significance of spiral motifs on D-ware pottery, this article uses analogy and “ethnographic imagination” (Lane 2005) to shed light on the origins of spiral motifs in different cultures.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135011384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marcin Szeliga, Przemysław Mroczek, Radosław Dobrowolski, Jacek Chodorowski, Maria Lityńska-Zając, Magdalena Moskal-del Hoyo, Irena Agnieszka Pidek, Daniel Makowiecki, Mirosław Furmanek, Andrzej Plak, Jadwiga Barga-Więcławska, Piotr Zagórski
Abstract The results of previous researches conducted across the upland territories of Central Europe reflect a considerably close correlation between the settlement by prehistoric agricultural societies and the ranges of the local loess covers. This correspondence – caused mainly by the high utility value of the territories in question, especially the presence of fertile soils and convenient geomorphological and hydrological conditions – is apparent even for the earliest phase of the Neolithic, and is clearly confirmed for later periods of prehistory. Until recently, this state of research concurred the interpretation that the neighbouring non-loess uplands had not been permanently settled, but only temporarily penetrated in order to exploit local resources (e.g., flint outcrops). This observation also applies to the territory being the essential subject of this paper, that is the sandy loam areas of the Iłża Piedmont, which is the direct northern forefield of the loess Sandomierz Upland. The results of interdisciplinary research conducted in this territory during the last several years allow us to considerably complete and verify the previous findings. They clearly confirm the intense and long-lasting character of the local settlement between the Early Neolithic and the Early Iron Age, as well as the typically agricultural activities of societies linked with different cultures that successively settled the discussed area during that time period. The obtained data show us the previously little known phenomenon of forming and functioning of the settlement microregions occupying uplands located outside the range of the compact loess cover, that is within ecological and landscape zones that were not preferred by prehistoric, early agricultural societies inhabiting the old upland territories of Central Europe. They also indirectly indicate the considerable flexibility and adaptability of early farmers, which made it possible for them to effectively colonise the definitely less rich territories located outside the compact area of the loess uplands since as early as the earliest phase of the Neolithic. This fact creates important possibilities for future research, allowing us to suspect that analogous settlement clusters also existed across the peripheral zones of other Central European loess uplands.
{"title":"<b>Early farming settlement of the marginal zone of loess uplands and its palaeoenvironmental context – a case study of the Iłża Piedmont (S Poland)</b>","authors":"Marcin Szeliga, Przemysław Mroczek, Radosław Dobrowolski, Jacek Chodorowski, Maria Lityńska-Zając, Magdalena Moskal-del Hoyo, Irena Agnieszka Pidek, Daniel Makowiecki, Mirosław Furmanek, Andrzej Plak, Jadwiga Barga-Więcławska, Piotr Zagórski","doi":"10.1515/pz-2023-2002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2023-2002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The results of previous researches conducted across the upland territories of Central Europe reflect a considerably close correlation between the settlement by prehistoric agricultural societies and the ranges of the local loess covers. This correspondence – caused mainly by the high utility value of the territories in question, especially the presence of fertile soils and convenient geomorphological and hydrological conditions – is apparent even for the earliest phase of the Neolithic, and is clearly confirmed for later periods of prehistory. Until recently, this state of research concurred the interpretation that the neighbouring non-loess uplands had not been permanently settled, but only temporarily penetrated in order to exploit local resources (e.g., flint outcrops). This observation also applies to the territory being the essential subject of this paper, that is the sandy loam areas of the Iłża Piedmont, which is the direct northern forefield of the loess Sandomierz Upland. The results of interdisciplinary research conducted in this territory during the last several years allow us to considerably complete and verify the previous findings. They clearly confirm the intense and long-lasting character of the local settlement between the Early Neolithic and the Early Iron Age, as well as the typically agricultural activities of societies linked with different cultures that successively settled the discussed area during that time period. The obtained data show us the previously little known phenomenon of forming and functioning of the settlement microregions occupying uplands located outside the range of the compact loess cover, that is within ecological and landscape zones that were not preferred by prehistoric, early agricultural societies inhabiting the old upland territories of Central Europe. They also indirectly indicate the considerable flexibility and adaptability of early farmers, which made it possible for them to effectively colonise the definitely less rich territories located outside the compact area of the loess uplands since as early as the earliest phase of the Neolithic. This fact creates important possibilities for future research, allowing us to suspect that analogous settlement clusters also existed across the peripheral zones of other Central European loess uplands.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135397241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mateusz Stróżyk, Aldona Garbacz-Klempka, Marta Wardas-Lasoń, Patrycja Silska, Anna Wrzesińska
Abstract This paper will discuss the results of material science analyses of artefacts from grave no. 89 in Karzec, Central Poland, that were discovered in 1959. The obtained results will be interpreted in the context of the possibility of a ‘new’ specialisation within the metallurgical workshop of the Lusatian people of the Late Bronze Age – a mouldmaker/moulder. In many terms, the grave at Karzec is a unique object for the study of Bronze Age metallurgy, as it contained not only two complete stone casting moulds but also pre-prepared raw material for the production of another mould as well as other metalworking objects. Despite this fact, it has yet to be the subject of a detailed analysis.
{"title":"Traces of a “new” Metalcraft Specialisation: A unique Late Bronze Age Burial at Karzec Cemetery","authors":"Mateusz Stróżyk, Aldona Garbacz-Klempka, Marta Wardas-Lasoń, Patrycja Silska, Anna Wrzesińska","doi":"10.1515/pz-2023-2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2023-2025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper will discuss the results of material science analyses of artefacts from grave no. 89 in Karzec, Central Poland, that were discovered in 1959. The obtained results will be interpreted in the context of the possibility of a ‘new’ specialisation within the metallurgical workshop of the Lusatian people of the Late Bronze Age – a mouldmaker/moulder. In many terms, the grave at Karzec is a unique object for the study of Bronze Age metallurgy, as it contained not only two complete stone casting moulds but also pre-prepared raw material for the production of another mould as well as other metalworking objects. Despite this fact, it has yet to be the subject of a detailed analysis.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135397247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The connection between the Late Bronze Age (LBA) Aegean costumes and social, cultural and political changes is a rather unexplored topic. Probably the only exception are kilts, the connection of which to such changes on Crete during the 15 th century BCE remains a commonly discussed topic in studies focusing on the LBA Aegean iconography and other data sets. However, many questions remain open and the topic is far from exhausted. In this paper I build on the work of various scholars who have studied LBA Aegean kilts in the context of social, political and cultural changes. I diachronically study the changes in the representations of kilts since the beginning of the LBA in the Aegean until the end of the Palatial period on the Greek Mainland (ca. 1700/1600–1200 BCE). Moreover, I examine the spatial distribution of specific kilt types in different periods. In cases of several different kilt types appearing in contemporary contexts in the same region, I explore whether similar costumes might have had different social connotations within the same communities. Moreover, I examine the influence of elite power structures and socio-political changes on the perception of kilts. However, I do not observe kilts as passive reflections of specific social, cultural and political contexts, but rather as material forms actively used in the creation of social realities.
{"title":"A View to a Kilt – The Late Bronze Age Aegean Costume in the Context of Social and Cultural Changes","authors":"Filip Franković","doi":"10.1515/pz-2023-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2023-2021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The connection between the Late Bronze Age (LBA) Aegean costumes and social, cultural and political changes is a rather unexplored topic. Probably the only exception are kilts, the connection of which to such changes on Crete during the 15 th century BCE remains a commonly discussed topic in studies focusing on the LBA Aegean iconography and other data sets. However, many questions remain open and the topic is far from exhausted. In this paper I build on the work of various scholars who have studied LBA Aegean kilts in the context of social, political and cultural changes. I diachronically study the changes in the representations of kilts since the beginning of the LBA in the Aegean until the end of the Palatial period on the Greek Mainland (ca. 1700/1600–1200 BCE). Moreover, I examine the spatial distribution of specific kilt types in different periods. In cases of several different kilt types appearing in contemporary contexts in the same region, I explore whether similar costumes might have had different social connotations within the same communities. Moreover, I examine the influence of elite power structures and socio-political changes on the perception of kilts. However, I do not observe kilts as passive reflections of specific social, cultural and political contexts, but rather as material forms actively used in the creation of social realities.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135787213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Depositions from the South Scandinavian Bronze Age are traditionally associated with a landscape context that is restricted to division into field and bog finds. This obscures the important role of water as a location factor for depositions and the variation in the choice of deposition sites is not immediately clear. The starting point of the article is a period V multi-type deposition from Hedegyden near Nyborg, where an excavation has demonstrated that the deposition was placed at a spring. Together with more than 300 other Bronze Age depositions from the East Funen region in Denmark, relationships between the period’s depositions and the locations where they were placed in the landscape are examined chronologically and geographically, as well as within three partially overlapping water themes: in relation to springs – or places where water flows out, along watercourses and on the coast. In this study, especially the finds from springs should be highlighted, as a previously under-illuminated element of the Bronze Age wetland tradition.
{"title":"From the source to the sea − A regional study of Bronze Age depositions from eastern Funen, Denmark","authors":"Lise Frost, Malene Refshauge Beck","doi":"10.1515/pz-2022-2059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2022-2059","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Depositions from the South Scandinavian Bronze Age are traditionally associated with a landscape context that is restricted to division into field and bog finds. This obscures the important role of water as a location factor for depositions and the variation in the choice of deposition sites is not immediately clear. The starting point of the article is a period V multi-type deposition from Hedegyden near Nyborg, where an excavation has demonstrated that the deposition was placed at a spring. Together with more than 300 other Bronze Age depositions from the East Funen region in Denmark, relationships between the period’s depositions and the locations where they were placed in the landscape are examined chronologically and geographically, as well as within three partially overlapping water themes: in relation to springs – or places where water flows out, along watercourses and on the coast. In this study, especially the finds from springs should be highlighted, as a previously under-illuminated element of the Bronze Age wetland tradition.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135827677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Seima-Turbino bronzes spread in Eurasia at the transition to the Late Bronze Age. However, the absolute chronology of this horizon remains unclear. Radiocarbon chronology now determines their interval to have been ca. 22 nd –20 th centuries BC, or the first third of the 2 nd millennium BC. The presence of this tradition from Europe to China makes it possible to associate them with historical chronology. The basis for this is the chronologies of the early Shang Dynasty in China, Central Europe and the Shaft Graves of Greece. The Santorini eruption presents an opportunity to compare these chronologies. As a result, the Seima-Turbino bronzes are dated to the first half of the 17 th century BC, or within the 18 th century BC to the first half of the 16 th century BC. This suggests that as the radiocarbon method develops, its results will be close to historical chronology.
{"title":"Chronology of the Seima-Turbino bronzes, early Shang Dynasty and Santorini eruption","authors":"Stanislav Grigoriev","doi":"10.1515/pz-2023-2028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2023-2028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Seima-Turbino bronzes spread in Eurasia at the transition to the Late Bronze Age. However, the absolute chronology of this horizon remains unclear. Radiocarbon chronology now determines their interval to have been ca. 22 nd –20 th centuries BC, or the first third of the 2 nd millennium BC. The presence of this tradition from Europe to China makes it possible to associate them with historical chronology. The basis for this is the chronologies of the early Shang Dynasty in China, Central Europe and the Shaft Graves of Greece. The Santorini eruption presents an opportunity to compare these chronologies. As a result, the Seima-Turbino bronzes are dated to the first half of the 17 th century BC, or within the 18 th century BC to the first half of the 16 th century BC. This suggests that as the radiocarbon method develops, its results will be close to historical chronology.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135878456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The emergence and nature of the supra-regional Corded Ware complex in the 3 rd millennium BCE is a longstanding, classical question in European archaeology. While recent genomic and genome-wide aDNA analyses have shown that migration was part of the process by which this phenomenon spread across a vast part of Central and northern Europe, the archaeological record of the same area makes equally clear that the character of its more specific regional manifestations was not uniform. This combination calls for renewed regional studies aimed at understanding the pre-existing contexts, the situated processes and the variable outcomes of this new cultural formation, taking a contribution of migration as a starting premise rather than an explanatory end goal. This article presents such a study, focusing on a particular aspect of the so-called Single Grave burial custom on the Jutland Peninsula, which constitutes the most obvious element of Corded Ware culture in the region. Dating to the early part of this tradition ( c. 2850–2600 BCE), circular arrangements of wooden posts or planks lodged vertically in a ditch to form a circular palisade are frequently found encircling a contemporaneous human grave. Here, we provide the first systematic study of these structures, which we argue are most meaningfully referred to as mortuary palisades . We present their distribution, chronology and basic morphology as well as their association with graves and relation to burial mounds, leading to a discussion of their probable ritual function in connection with a particular, processual understanding and handling of death. Based on this general presentation, we then analyse geographical variation in the manifestation of the mortuary palisade custom and discuss potentially underlying causes, emphasizing widely differing degrees of cultural admixture of Corded Ware culture and local, pre-existing traditions and preferences in different parts of the Jutland Peninsula.
{"title":"Mortuary palisades, single graves and cultural admixture: The establishment of Corded Ware culture on the Jutland Peninsula","authors":"Simon K. Nielsen, Niels N. Johannsen","doi":"10.1515/pz-2023-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2023-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The emergence and nature of the supra-regional Corded Ware complex in the 3 rd millennium BCE is a longstanding, classical question in European archaeology. While recent genomic and genome-wide aDNA analyses have shown that migration was part of the process by which this phenomenon spread across a vast part of Central and northern Europe, the archaeological record of the same area makes equally clear that the character of its more specific regional manifestations was not uniform. This combination calls for renewed regional studies aimed at understanding the pre-existing contexts, the situated processes and the variable outcomes of this new cultural formation, taking a contribution of migration as a starting premise rather than an explanatory end goal. This article presents such a study, focusing on a particular aspect of the so-called Single Grave burial custom on the Jutland Peninsula, which constitutes the most obvious element of Corded Ware culture in the region. Dating to the early part of this tradition ( c. 2850–2600 BCE), circular arrangements of wooden posts or planks lodged vertically in a ditch to form a circular palisade are frequently found encircling a contemporaneous human grave. Here, we provide the first systematic study of these structures, which we argue are most meaningfully referred to as mortuary palisades . We present their distribution, chronology and basic morphology as well as their association with graves and relation to burial mounds, leading to a discussion of their probable ritual function in connection with a particular, processual understanding and handling of death. Based on this general presentation, we then analyse geographical variation in the manifestation of the mortuary palisade custom and discuss potentially underlying causes, emphasizing widely differing degrees of cultural admixture of Corded Ware culture and local, pre-existing traditions and preferences in different parts of the Jutland Peninsula.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135830093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zusammenfassung Bernstein besitzt als fossiles Baumharz aufgrund seiner spezifischen physischen Eigenschaften eine Aura, die ihn bis heute gleichermaßen als Schmuckstein und magisch-religiöses Amulett begehrt machte. Die überregionale, im antiken Sinne ‚globale‘ Verbreitung des baltischen Succinits findet ihren Niederschlag auch in den Ostalpen. Besonders der zentrale Kommunikationskorridor entlang der Salzach und des anschließenden Tauerntransits besticht während aller Epochen durch eine hohe Dichte von Bernsteinobjekten. Die Region dient deshalb als Modellfall zur Untersuchung zeitlich variabler Aspekte der Aneignung, Nutzung, ideellen Bedeutung und Verbreitung des Bernsteins. Neben sehr seltenen bronzezeitlichen Objekten und einer häufigeren Verwendung in der frühen Eisenzeit ist der Dürrnberg bei Hallein neben dem benachbarten Salzrevier von Hallstatt einer der europäischen Schwerpunkte der Bernsteinnutzung während der Späthallstatt- und Frühlatènezeit. Hier liefern neue quantitative und qualitative Analysen Indizien für sich wandelnde Muster in Trageweise, Nutzung und symbolisch-magischer Bedeutung von Bernsteinschmuck. In der jüngeren Latènezeit kommt es regional und in weiteren Bereichen Europas zu einem graduellen Rückgang der Bernsteinnutzung. Er setzt sich in der römischen Kaiserzeit im Gebiet des municipium Claudium Iuvavum fort, bevor ein letztes Aufleben des Bernsteinschmucks im Frühmittelalter einsetzte. In diachroner Perspektive werden zeitspezifische Muster in der Verwendung und Integration des fremdartigen Rohstoffes in die indigene materielle Kultur und magische Vorstellungswelt deutlich. Bernstein erscheint allerdings nicht nur als ‚Beiprodukt‘ rein ökonomischer Kommunikation entlang transregionaler Handels- und Verkehrsbeziehungen der sogenannten ‚Bernsteinstraßen‘. Vielmehr zeigen qualitative und quantitative Analysen, dass der Bernstein zu unterschiedlichen Zeiten bewusst als Medium sozialer Kommunikation gewählt oder verworfen sowie inhaltlich mit konkreten Bedeutungen belegt wurde. In Prozessen intentioneller kultureller Aneignung offenbart das exotische Material damit die differenzierte Entscheidungs- und Handlungskompetenz indigener Gemeinschaften der mitteleuropäischen Ur- und Frühgeschichte.
{"title":"Salzburgs tränenreiche Urgeschichte – Bernstein als Medium sozialer und kultureller Interaktion","authors":"Holger Wendling","doi":"10.1515/pz-2023-2015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2023-2015","url":null,"abstract":"Zusammenfassung Bernstein besitzt als fossiles Baumharz aufgrund seiner spezifischen physischen Eigenschaften eine Aura, die ihn bis heute gleichermaßen als Schmuckstein und magisch-religiöses Amulett begehrt machte. Die überregionale, im antiken Sinne ‚globale‘ Verbreitung des baltischen Succinits findet ihren Niederschlag auch in den Ostalpen. Besonders der zentrale Kommunikationskorridor entlang der Salzach und des anschließenden Tauerntransits besticht während aller Epochen durch eine hohe Dichte von Bernsteinobjekten. Die Region dient deshalb als Modellfall zur Untersuchung zeitlich variabler Aspekte der Aneignung, Nutzung, ideellen Bedeutung und Verbreitung des Bernsteins. Neben sehr seltenen bronzezeitlichen Objekten und einer häufigeren Verwendung in der frühen Eisenzeit ist der Dürrnberg bei Hallein neben dem benachbarten Salzrevier von Hallstatt einer der europäischen Schwerpunkte der Bernsteinnutzung während der Späthallstatt- und Frühlatènezeit. Hier liefern neue quantitative und qualitative Analysen Indizien für sich wandelnde Muster in Trageweise, Nutzung und symbolisch-magischer Bedeutung von Bernsteinschmuck. In der jüngeren Latènezeit kommt es regional und in weiteren Bereichen Europas zu einem graduellen Rückgang der Bernsteinnutzung. Er setzt sich in der römischen Kaiserzeit im Gebiet des municipium Claudium Iuvavum fort, bevor ein letztes Aufleben des Bernsteinschmucks im Frühmittelalter einsetzte. In diachroner Perspektive werden zeitspezifische Muster in der Verwendung und Integration des fremdartigen Rohstoffes in die indigene materielle Kultur und magische Vorstellungswelt deutlich. Bernstein erscheint allerdings nicht nur als ‚Beiprodukt‘ rein ökonomischer Kommunikation entlang transregionaler Handels- und Verkehrsbeziehungen der sogenannten ‚Bernsteinstraßen‘. Vielmehr zeigen qualitative und quantitative Analysen, dass der Bernstein zu unterschiedlichen Zeiten bewusst als Medium sozialer Kommunikation gewählt oder verworfen sowie inhaltlich mit konkreten Bedeutungen belegt wurde. In Prozessen intentioneller kultureller Aneignung offenbart das exotische Material damit die differenzierte Entscheidungs- und Handlungskompetenz indigener Gemeinschaften der mitteleuropäischen Ur- und Frühgeschichte.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135981447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jacek Gackowski, Łukasz Kowalski, Aldona Garbacz-Klempka, Anna Rembisz-Lubiejewska, Agnieszka Noryśkiewicz, Dariusz Kamiński, Andrzej Podgórski, Grażyna Szczepańska, Paweł Molewski, Mateusz Sosnowski, Marek Kołyszko, Magdalena Kozicka, Albin Sokół
Zusammenfassung Im Herbst 2020 entdeckte eine Gruppe von Detektorgängern auf einer bewaldeten Düne in der Nähe des Dorfes Cierpice in Nordzentralpolen 150 Bronzefunde. Der Fund umfasst Backenstücke, Phalerae, Rassel- und Terretringe sowie Zügelmanschetten mit Drahtgliedern, die einst Teil eines Pferdezaumzeugs aus der Endbronzezeit waren. Die Zaumzeugteile wurden zusammen mit einem Tüllenbeil in Pflanzenfasern eingewickelt und dann sorgfältig in einen organischen Beutel gelegt, der verrottet war. In diesem Artikel werden die Ergebnisse der archäologischen, metallographischen und paläobotanischen Untersuchungen des Hortes vorgestellt und diskutiert, unterstützt durch andere archäologisch dokumentierte Daten. Diese werden mit den Mustern der Bewegung und des Verbrauchs von Metallwaren im heutigen Polen während der Lausitzer Periode und dem weiteren Kontext der nordeuropäischen Bronzezeit in Beziehung gesetzt.
{"title":"A Final Bronze Age hoard from Cierpice, Poland: new evidence for the use and deposition of a horse bridle in the region","authors":"Jacek Gackowski, Łukasz Kowalski, Aldona Garbacz-Klempka, Anna Rembisz-Lubiejewska, Agnieszka Noryśkiewicz, Dariusz Kamiński, Andrzej Podgórski, Grażyna Szczepańska, Paweł Molewski, Mateusz Sosnowski, Marek Kołyszko, Magdalena Kozicka, Albin Sokół","doi":"10.1515/pz-2023-2018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2023-2018","url":null,"abstract":"Zusammenfassung Im Herbst 2020 entdeckte eine Gruppe von Detektorgängern auf einer bewaldeten Düne in der Nähe des Dorfes Cierpice in Nordzentralpolen 150 Bronzefunde. Der Fund umfasst Backenstücke, Phalerae, Rassel- und Terretringe sowie Zügelmanschetten mit Drahtgliedern, die einst Teil eines Pferdezaumzeugs aus der Endbronzezeit waren. Die Zaumzeugteile wurden zusammen mit einem Tüllenbeil in Pflanzenfasern eingewickelt und dann sorgfältig in einen organischen Beutel gelegt, der verrottet war. In diesem Artikel werden die Ergebnisse der archäologischen, metallographischen und paläobotanischen Untersuchungen des Hortes vorgestellt und diskutiert, unterstützt durch andere archäologisch dokumentierte Daten. Diese werden mit den Mustern der Bewegung und des Verbrauchs von Metallwaren im heutigen Polen während der Lausitzer Periode und dem weiteren Kontext der nordeuropäischen Bronzezeit in Beziehung gesetzt.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136023686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The approach developed by Gottfried Semper in the mid-19 th century seems to be quite productive for studying the evolution of forms and decoration of objects of material culture. Based on the relationship between the properties of materials and technologies, it formed the basis of modern design practices. The use of this approach makes it possible to explain many phenomena, particularly, the emergence of skeuomorphic forms of ornament (so-called ‘technical ornament’), and also to expand our understanding of materials and technologies that have not reached our time. The reconstruction of non-preserved elements of culture can be complemented by studies on their visual representation in fine art. The principle of development of material culture can also be represented as a movement from the archetype to the material embodiment of ideas, which is possible at the corresponding level of technological development.
{"title":"Some remarks on studies of Prehistoric craft production from the perspective of Gottfried Semper’s ideas","authors":"Ilia Palaguta","doi":"10.1515/pz-2023-2029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2023-2029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The approach developed by Gottfried Semper in the mid-19 th century seems to be quite productive for studying the evolution of forms and decoration of objects of material culture. Based on the relationship between the properties of materials and technologies, it formed the basis of modern design practices. The use of this approach makes it possible to explain many phenomena, particularly, the emergence of skeuomorphic forms of ornament (so-called ‘technical ornament’), and also to expand our understanding of materials and technologies that have not reached our time. The reconstruction of non-preserved elements of culture can be complemented by studies on their visual representation in fine art. The principle of development of material culture can also be represented as a movement from the archetype to the material embodiment of ideas, which is possible at the corresponding level of technological development.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135979324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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