Tibor-Tamás Daróczi, M. Csányi, Judit Tárnoki, Fanni Nagy, J. Olsen
Abstract The multi-stratified site of Túrkeve-Terehalom presents an exceptional opportunity to establish the start and the end of the Middle Bronze Age in the Eastern Carpathian Basin and to refine its inner chronology. The chronological potential of the site rests on the meticulous excavation campaigns over a decade. This potential has been harvested by linking stratified finds, particularly pottery, to narrow, calibrated age-ranges. The result has implications for local chronology while also prompting questions about how to synchronise long-range connectivity with central and northern Europe and the Aegean, as well. The resulting chronological model for Túrkeve-Terehalom firstly challenges prevailing chronological views regarding the life-spans of Bronze Age structures with beaten clay floors, secondly the direction of the wave of destruction and/or abandonment of multi-stratified sites in the Carpathian Basin, and thirdly the continental networking during the Middle Bronze Age.
{"title":"Túrkeve-Terehalom in the Eastern Carpathian Basin. Bronze Age multi-stratified site provides high-precision chronology with continental implications","authors":"Tibor-Tamás Daróczi, M. Csányi, Judit Tárnoki, Fanni Nagy, J. Olsen","doi":"10.1515/pz-2022-2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2022-2024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The multi-stratified site of Túrkeve-Terehalom presents an exceptional opportunity to establish the start and the end of the Middle Bronze Age in the Eastern Carpathian Basin and to refine its inner chronology. The chronological potential of the site rests on the meticulous excavation campaigns over a decade. This potential has been harvested by linking stratified finds, particularly pottery, to narrow, calibrated age-ranges. The result has implications for local chronology while also prompting questions about how to synchronise long-range connectivity with central and northern Europe and the Aegean, as well. The resulting chronological model for Túrkeve-Terehalom firstly challenges prevailing chronological views regarding the life-spans of Bronze Age structures with beaten clay floors, secondly the direction of the wave of destruction and/or abandonment of multi-stratified sites in the Carpathian Basin, and thirdly the continental networking during the Middle Bronze Age.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":"98 1","pages":"136 - 190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47876816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Three sites from network of 27 structures of the Late Bronze/Early Iron Age Lusatian culture from NE Poland (Biebrza and Narew river basins) and man-environment interaction were study. These circular structures have a relatively uniform location, structure, type of construction and dimension. Two areas within these structure coud be distinguished: a protective area consisting of a system of ditches and embankments and a central area consisting of a flat central square with only some archaeological traces of economic activity. Determining the function of the structures is extremely difficult. Their structure does not indicate the defensive function of the objects. Their location near peat bogs may suggest their use as corals for grazing animals and intensive agricultural use of the environment are reflected in the valley bottom sediments. There are many indications that we are dealing here rather with a kind of stable socio-administrative-religious centre concentrating dispersed in the microregion population of the Lusatian culture.
{"title":"Settlement patern of Lusatian culture in Podlasie (NE Poland) and man-environment interaction","authors":"Krzysztof Żurek, T. Kalicki, Adam Wawrusiewicz","doi":"10.1515/pz-2022-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2022-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Three sites from network of 27 structures of the Late Bronze/Early Iron Age Lusatian culture from NE Poland (Biebrza and Narew river basins) and man-environment interaction were study. These circular structures have a relatively uniform location, structure, type of construction and dimension. Two areas within these structure coud be distinguished: a protective area consisting of a system of ditches and embankments and a central area consisting of a flat central square with only some archaeological traces of economic activity. Determining the function of the structures is extremely difficult. Their structure does not indicate the defensive function of the objects. Their location near peat bogs may suggest their use as corals for grazing animals and intensive agricultural use of the environment are reflected in the valley bottom sediments. There are many indications that we are dealing here rather with a kind of stable socio-administrative-religious centre concentrating dispersed in the microregion population of the Lusatian culture.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":"98 1","pages":"223 - 237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41695211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zusammenfassung Verschiedene Funde lassen spätestens ab der Frühbronzezeit Kontakte zwischen dem Kaukasus und dem Vorderen Orient erwarten Smith 2015; Ivanova 2012; Boehmer/Kossack 2000.. Dem Zentral- und Südkaukasus kommt dabei aufgrund seines Rohstoffreichtums eine besondere Rolle zu. Der Bedarf an Metallen, Obsidian u. a. regte in der Bronzezeit weitreichenden Handel an, der bislang jedoch noch nicht ausreichend Gegenstand der Forschung war. Vorangegangene Untersuchungen zeigten bereits für die Bronzezeit im Zentralkaukasus eine Herausbildung von komplexen Gesellschaften mit strukturierten Siedlungen Sagona 2018., die sich am Beispiel der Forschungen in Armenien besonders im Bereich nahegelegener mineralischer Ressourcen, wie z. B. von Gold, Kupfererz und Obsidian, gruppieren Kunze et al. 2011; 2013.. Der derzeitige Forschungsstand in Georgien, insbesondere in Ostgeorgien, erlaubt eine ähnliche Aussage noch nicht und stellt vor allem für den Bereich des östlichen (Zentral-)Kaukasus ein Forschungsdesiderat dar. Die Verteilung bronzezeitlicher Fundstellen in Georgien wird bereits weitgehend in der Literatur diskutiert Lordkipanidze 1991; Gambaschidze et al. 2001.. Wie auch in Armenien befinden sich in Ostgeorgien zahlreiche bronzezeitliche Siedlungen von zum Teil mächtiger Ausdehnung. Darüber hinaus indizieren unter anderem komplexe Anlagen aus der Spätbronze-/Früheisenzeit, die als Heiligtümer angesprochen werden Bukhrashvili et al. 2020; Pizchelauri 1984. und keine direkten Siedlungsschichten beinhalten, dass sich auch in Ostgeorgien nach dem Ende der Mittelbronzezeit gesellschaftliche Veränderungen abzeichnen. Die Heiligtümer sind verbunden mit Massenniederlegungen von Metallobjekten, die mehrere hundert Einzelobjekte umfassen können Davitashvili et al. 2021; Bukhrashvili et al. 2019; 2020; Pizchelauri 1984.. Ziel einer von der Fritz Thyssen Stiftung (Az. 20.20.0.048AA) geförderten Regionalstudie zur Metallnutzung und -verarbeitung war es daher, die bereits begonnene Untersuchung der Metalldistribution auf eine breitere Basis zu stellen. Zur Verfügung standen Metallobjekte aus einem aktuell laufenden Forschungsprojekt Davitashvili et al. 2021; Bukhrashvili et al. 2019; 2020; 2022., so dass erstmals in der Region umfangreiche Probenserien an gut datierbaren Befunden genommen und geochemisch charakterisiert werden konnten. Sie versprechen sowohl aufgrund ihrer Stratigrafie als auch 14C-Datierungen grundlegende Erkenntnisse zur chronologischen Entwicklung der Metalldistribution und Indizien zur Herkunft des benötigten Erzes.
{"title":"Analytische Untersuchungen zu ostgeorgischen Bronzeobjekten: Das Fallbeispiel Nazarlebi","authors":"René Kunze, Simone Arnhold, Marianne Mödlinger","doi":"10.1515/pz-2022-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2022-2023","url":null,"abstract":"Zusammenfassung Verschiedene Funde lassen spätestens ab der Frühbronzezeit Kontakte zwischen dem Kaukasus und dem Vorderen Orient erwarten Smith 2015; Ivanova 2012; Boehmer/Kossack 2000.. Dem Zentral- und Südkaukasus kommt dabei aufgrund seines Rohstoffreichtums eine besondere Rolle zu. Der Bedarf an Metallen, Obsidian u. a. regte in der Bronzezeit weitreichenden Handel an, der bislang jedoch noch nicht ausreichend Gegenstand der Forschung war. Vorangegangene Untersuchungen zeigten bereits für die Bronzezeit im Zentralkaukasus eine Herausbildung von komplexen Gesellschaften mit strukturierten Siedlungen Sagona 2018., die sich am Beispiel der Forschungen in Armenien besonders im Bereich nahegelegener mineralischer Ressourcen, wie z. B. von Gold, Kupfererz und Obsidian, gruppieren Kunze et al. 2011; 2013.. Der derzeitige Forschungsstand in Georgien, insbesondere in Ostgeorgien, erlaubt eine ähnliche Aussage noch nicht und stellt vor allem für den Bereich des östlichen (Zentral-)Kaukasus ein Forschungsdesiderat dar. Die Verteilung bronzezeitlicher Fundstellen in Georgien wird bereits weitgehend in der Literatur diskutiert Lordkipanidze 1991; Gambaschidze et al. 2001.. Wie auch in Armenien befinden sich in Ostgeorgien zahlreiche bronzezeitliche Siedlungen von zum Teil mächtiger Ausdehnung. Darüber hinaus indizieren unter anderem komplexe Anlagen aus der Spätbronze-/Früheisenzeit, die als Heiligtümer angesprochen werden Bukhrashvili et al. 2020; Pizchelauri 1984. und keine direkten Siedlungsschichten beinhalten, dass sich auch in Ostgeorgien nach dem Ende der Mittelbronzezeit gesellschaftliche Veränderungen abzeichnen. Die Heiligtümer sind verbunden mit Massenniederlegungen von Metallobjekten, die mehrere hundert Einzelobjekte umfassen können Davitashvili et al. 2021; Bukhrashvili et al. 2019; 2020; Pizchelauri 1984.. Ziel einer von der Fritz Thyssen Stiftung (Az. 20.20.0.048AA) geförderten Regionalstudie zur Metallnutzung und -verarbeitung war es daher, die bereits begonnene Untersuchung der Metalldistribution auf eine breitere Basis zu stellen. Zur Verfügung standen Metallobjekte aus einem aktuell laufenden Forschungsprojekt Davitashvili et al. 2021; Bukhrashvili et al. 2019; 2020; 2022., so dass erstmals in der Region umfangreiche Probenserien an gut datierbaren Befunden genommen und geochemisch charakterisiert werden konnten. Sie versprechen sowohl aufgrund ihrer Stratigrafie als auch 14C-Datierungen grundlegende Erkenntnisse zur chronologischen Entwicklung der Metalldistribution und Indizien zur Herkunft des benötigten Erzes.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":"98 1","pages":"191 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43008469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Chełm – located today on the Polish-Ukrainian border –for over a century has attracted the attention of numerous scholars. The town had been rebuilt by Daniel Romanovich, the Halych-Volhynian prince who was crowned in 1253 by Pope Innocent IV and recognized as the king of Ruthenia – which was an unusual event in medieval Europe. For here we have a ruler who belonged to the Orthodox Church accepting a papal crown and the Catholic faith. In such circumstances, some time before the middle of the 13th century, Daniel decided move his seat from Halych to Chełm, situated on the western periphery of his domain. The new city became not only a main seat, but also the real capital of the Halych-Volhynian Princedom. Here, on Cathedral Hill, excavations revealed the remains of the medieval basilica and a multi-element residence. At the same time, new discoveries were made in the city outskirts – namely, two masonry towers and an enigmatic column. The interdisciplinary archaeological research carried out by the author show an architectural complex and many archaeological finds unique in this part of Europe, ones inspired by the traditions of ancient Rome, the Byzantine East, and patterns known at that time in the Latin West.
{"title":"Byzantine or Western European inspirations? Monumental architecture on the borderlands: the case study of medieval Chełm (south-east Poland)","authors":"A. Buko","doi":"10.1515/pz-2022-2037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2022-2037","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Chełm – located today on the Polish-Ukrainian border –for over a century has attracted the attention of numerous scholars. The town had been rebuilt by Daniel Romanovich, the Halych-Volhynian prince who was crowned in 1253 by Pope Innocent IV and recognized as the king of Ruthenia – which was an unusual event in medieval Europe. For here we have a ruler who belonged to the Orthodox Church accepting a papal crown and the Catholic faith. In such circumstances, some time before the middle of the 13th century, Daniel decided move his seat from Halych to Chełm, situated on the western periphery of his domain. The new city became not only a main seat, but also the real capital of the Halych-Volhynian Princedom. Here, on Cathedral Hill, excavations revealed the remains of the medieval basilica and a multi-element residence. At the same time, new discoveries were made in the city outskirts – namely, two masonry towers and an enigmatic column. The interdisciplinary archaeological research carried out by the author show an architectural complex and many archaeological finds unique in this part of Europe, ones inspired by the traditions of ancient Rome, the Byzantine East, and patterns known at that time in the Latin West.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":"97 1","pages":"668 - 683"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44903744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Cattle are the dominant species in most archaeological sites in the Netherlands during the Iron Age and Roman period. However, there are differences in the relative importance of cattle and in how cattle were managed. The aim of this paper is to find out which changes in cattle husbandry occurred between the Iron Age and Roman period, and whether these changes are related to introduced Roman practices. For this study, the Netherlands was divided into four regions, of which the northern region lies outside the Roman Empire. This allows a comparison of regions within and outside the Roman Empire and the potential identification of differential economic developments. First, we looked at diachronic changes and regional differences in the relative proportion of cattle compared to the other main domestic species. Second, data on slaughter ages were used to draw conclusions about the main product cattle were kept for: milk, meat or traction. Next, biometric data were used to investigate sex ratios of cattle, which – combined with mortality profiles – inform about management practices. Finally, biometric data were analysed using the log size index method to trace diachronic changes and regional differences in cattle size. A size increase and the growing role of cattle for traction and as meat providers in towns is also seen in other parts of the northwestern provinces. These changes can directly be related to the Roman occupation and the demand for meat and other animal products.
{"title":"Cattle husbandry in the Iron Age and Roman Netherlands: chronological developments and regional differences in cattle frequencies, management, size and shape","authors":"M. Groot, U. Albarella","doi":"10.1515/pz-2022-2053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2022-2053","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cattle are the dominant species in most archaeological sites in the Netherlands during the Iron Age and Roman period. However, there are differences in the relative importance of cattle and in how cattle were managed. The aim of this paper is to find out which changes in cattle husbandry occurred between the Iron Age and Roman period, and whether these changes are related to introduced Roman practices. For this study, the Netherlands was divided into four regions, of which the northern region lies outside the Roman Empire. This allows a comparison of regions within and outside the Roman Empire and the potential identification of differential economic developments. First, we looked at diachronic changes and regional differences in the relative proportion of cattle compared to the other main domestic species. Second, data on slaughter ages were used to draw conclusions about the main product cattle were kept for: milk, meat or traction. Next, biometric data were used to investigate sex ratios of cattle, which – combined with mortality profiles – inform about management practices. Finally, biometric data were analysed using the log size index method to trace diachronic changes and regional differences in cattle size. A size increase and the growing role of cattle for traction and as meat providers in towns is also seen in other parts of the northwestern provinces. These changes can directly be related to the Roman occupation and the demand for meat and other animal products.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":"0 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48232029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract For centuries the Homeric epics, especially the Iliad, have fascinated and attracted the attention of the academic community and the wider public alike. Many scholars throughout the centuries endeavored to prove the historicity of the Iliad through the archaeological evidence. Though current academic research has long departed from those approaches, the epics contain important historical and cultural elements that were part of the reality not only of Homer’s contemporary (Iron Age) society but also, to an extent, of the Late Bronze Age. This paper argues that the Homeric funerary customs are not a purely literary creation, but rather the result of a mixture of traditions, contemporary customs and collective memory. This will be achieved through a survey of archaeological and written evidence pertaining to Late Bronze Age and Iron Age burial traditions, ranging from Hittite Anatolia to Central Europe, and in doing so suggest the possible origins, both geographically and chronologically, of ‘Homeric’ mortuary practices.
{"title":"Burying the Heros: Identifying the Archaeological Background of the Homeric Burial","authors":"Antonis Kourkoulakos","doi":"10.1515/pz-2022-2015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2022-2015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract For centuries the Homeric epics, especially the Iliad, have fascinated and attracted the attention of the academic community and the wider public alike. Many scholars throughout the centuries endeavored to prove the historicity of the Iliad through the archaeological evidence. Though current academic research has long departed from those approaches, the epics contain important historical and cultural elements that were part of the reality not only of Homer’s contemporary (Iron Age) society but also, to an extent, of the Late Bronze Age. This paper argues that the Homeric funerary customs are not a purely literary creation, but rather the result of a mixture of traditions, contemporary customs and collective memory. This will be achieved through a survey of archaeological and written evidence pertaining to Late Bronze Age and Iron Age burial traditions, ranging from Hittite Anatolia to Central Europe, and in doing so suggest the possible origins, both geographically and chronologically, of ‘Homeric’ mortuary practices.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":"98 1","pages":"238 - 251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46016145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zusammenfassung Der vorliegende Beitrag bietet eine kurze Übersicht diverser, den Beginn sozialer Stratifikation anzeigender Bestattungssitten in Kulturen des ausgehenden Äneolithikums in Mähren. Bestattungssitten werden im Beitrag als ein ritualisiertes Spiegelbild prähistorischer Realitäten verstanden, bei denen Grabbeigaben symbolische Rollen übernehmen, etwa Zugehörigkeit oder Identität. Die Grabausstattung kann gleichzeitig auch die Position des Verstorbenen in Gesellschaft und Handwerk spiegeln. Soziale Unterschiede zeigen sich bei den untersuchten Einheiten durch Allokation in isolierten Lagen oder innerhalb kleiner Grabgruppen, anhand ausgeprägter Grabarchitekturen (innere Grabkonstruktion, die Gräber umgebende Kreisgräben, Totenhäuser) sowie durch zahlreiche und verschiedenartige Grabbeigaben (einschließlich prestigeträchtiger Objektkombinationen – „Pakete“) als Manifestation gesellschaftlicher Stellung, Macht und Identität. Am wenigsten lässt sich dies in der Protoaunjetitzer Kultur erkennen. Eine spezielle Kategorie umfasst die Bestattungen reicher Männer, die als Metallurgen angesprochen werden und in der Glockenbecherkultur klar dominieren. In der Anfangsphase der Glockenbecherkultur können wir sogar von Bestattungen gesellschaftlicher Eliten sprechen.
{"title":"Die soziale Stratifikation am Ende des Äneolithikums in Mähren","authors":"J. Peška","doi":"10.1515/pz-2022-2048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2022-2048","url":null,"abstract":"Zusammenfassung Der vorliegende Beitrag bietet eine kurze Übersicht diverser, den Beginn sozialer Stratifikation anzeigender Bestattungssitten in Kulturen des ausgehenden Äneolithikums in Mähren. Bestattungssitten werden im Beitrag als ein ritualisiertes Spiegelbild prähistorischer Realitäten verstanden, bei denen Grabbeigaben symbolische Rollen übernehmen, etwa Zugehörigkeit oder Identität. Die Grabausstattung kann gleichzeitig auch die Position des Verstorbenen in Gesellschaft und Handwerk spiegeln. Soziale Unterschiede zeigen sich bei den untersuchten Einheiten durch Allokation in isolierten Lagen oder innerhalb kleiner Grabgruppen, anhand ausgeprägter Grabarchitekturen (innere Grabkonstruktion, die Gräber umgebende Kreisgräben, Totenhäuser) sowie durch zahlreiche und verschiedenartige Grabbeigaben (einschließlich prestigeträchtiger Objektkombinationen – „Pakete“) als Manifestation gesellschaftlicher Stellung, Macht und Identität. Am wenigsten lässt sich dies in der Protoaunjetitzer Kultur erkennen. Eine spezielle Kategorie umfasst die Bestattungen reicher Männer, die als Metallurgen angesprochen werden und in der Glockenbecherkultur klar dominieren. In der Anfangsphase der Glockenbecherkultur können wir sogar von Bestattungen gesellschaftlicher Eliten sprechen.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":"97 1","pages":"495 - 521"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47704828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lukáš Kučera, Markéta Lundová, Lukáš Šín, Hana Dehnerová, Radka Pechancová, O. Kurka, P. Bednář
Abstract During an archaeological rescue excavation in center of city Olomouc (Moravia region, Czech Republic) several graves were found. Those graves were a part of a defunct cemetery situated in the area surrounding a church of St. Peter and Paul. The research was focused on analysis of 13 children’s skull samples affected by a chronical pathology known as “cribra orbitalia” (CO). X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were used to examine differences in the samples with respect to an individual’s age, degree of porosity (representing the progress of CO) and other observed pathologies. Both techniques proved that the ratio of calcium to iron gradually increases with the age of the child without regard to the degree of CO damage. Moreover, the ICP-MS data were evaluated using principal component analysis, which pointed out that the highest contents of Pb were found in samples from individuals suffering from rickets. The preliminary results reveal that more research on this pathology should be performed – not only for post-medieval individuals but also in prehistorical ones.
{"title":"Evaluation of chemical composition of cribra orbitalia from post-medieval children graves (Olomouc, Czech Republic)","authors":"Lukáš Kučera, Markéta Lundová, Lukáš Šín, Hana Dehnerová, Radka Pechancová, O. Kurka, P. Bednář","doi":"10.1515/pz-2022-2045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2022-2045","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract During an archaeological rescue excavation in center of city Olomouc (Moravia region, Czech Republic) several graves were found. Those graves were a part of a defunct cemetery situated in the area surrounding a church of St. Peter and Paul. The research was focused on analysis of 13 children’s skull samples affected by a chronical pathology known as “cribra orbitalia” (CO). X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were used to examine differences in the samples with respect to an individual’s age, degree of porosity (representing the progress of CO) and other observed pathologies. Both techniques proved that the ratio of calcium to iron gradually increases with the age of the child without regard to the degree of CO damage. Moreover, the ICP-MS data were evaluated using principal component analysis, which pointed out that the highest contents of Pb were found in samples from individuals suffering from rickets. The preliminary results reveal that more research on this pathology should be performed – not only for post-medieval individuals but also in prehistorical ones.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":"98 1","pages":"389 - 398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43191008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Christina Peege in collaboration with Philippe Della Casa and Walter Fasnacht : (eds.), Agia Varvara-Almyras. An Iron Age Copper Smelting Site in Cyprus. Archaeopress Archaeology (Oxford 2018). Paperback A4, xii+294 Seiten, 182 Abbildungen, 5 Tafeln, 20 Tabellen. E-Book: doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1nzfvn3","authors":"Enrico Lehnhardt","doi":"10.1515/pz-2022-2018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2022-2018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":"98 1","pages":"402 - 408"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42955833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper returns to Husby in Glanshammar, Sweden, where an important manorial settlement of the mid-to-late 1st millennium AD was excavated in the 1990s for a highway project. A recent intensive and comprehensive metal detector survey of the site’s surviving parts has secured additional finds that cast a new light on the manor and its afterlife. Fine copper alloy casting was amply demonstrated by the 1990s excavations. Now a die for the making of waffled gold foil has been added to this assemblage. Waffled foils formed part of gold-and-garnet cloisonné work, one of the most exclusive decorative techniques of the era. Hacksilver and coins from around AD 900 were found scattered over the old foundation of the torn-down mead-hall, apparently forming a first phase of memorialisation that continued from about AD 1100 onward with a small Christian cemetery next to the foundation. These single coins go back at least half a century before the start of silver hoarding in the region. The silver found at Husby shows clear signs of having been used as bullion in economic transactions, with a high degree of fragmentation and many test marks.
{"title":"Husby in Glanshammar: cloisonné production, Viking Period silver deposition and memorialisation","authors":"M. Rundkvist, Florent Audy","doi":"10.1515/pz-2022-2016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2022-2016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper returns to Husby in Glanshammar, Sweden, where an important manorial settlement of the mid-to-late 1st millennium AD was excavated in the 1990s for a highway project. A recent intensive and comprehensive metal detector survey of the site’s surviving parts has secured additional finds that cast a new light on the manor and its afterlife. Fine copper alloy casting was amply demonstrated by the 1990s excavations. Now a die for the making of waffled gold foil has been added to this assemblage. Waffled foils formed part of gold-and-garnet cloisonné work, one of the most exclusive decorative techniques of the era. Hacksilver and coins from around AD 900 were found scattered over the old foundation of the torn-down mead-hall, apparently forming a first phase of memorialisation that continued from about AD 1100 onward with a small Christian cemetery next to the foundation. These single coins go back at least half a century before the start of silver hoarding in the region. The silver found at Husby shows clear signs of having been used as bullion in economic transactions, with a high degree of fragmentation and many test marks.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":"97 1","pages":"636 - 645"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45401037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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