Zusammenfassung Zu den Objekten aus Ton, die in den Siedlungen der Zarubincy-Kultur von Belii Grud und Litvinovič 3 gefunden wurden, gehören sog. Feuerböcke. Bislang sind lediglich zwei solcher Exemplare bekannt. Die Analogien zu diesen Exemplaren sind im Milieu der Poienești-Lucașeuca-Kultur – Borosești, Lunca Ciurei – sowie in Siedlungen des nördlichen Mitteleuropa, die in die Vorrömische Eisenzeit datiert werden – Bastrup, Hamburg-Volksdorf, Nowa Wieś, Ribe Amt usw. – zu verorten. Da die im nördlichen Mitteleuropa gefundenen Stücke älter sind, liegt der Ursprung der Feuerböcke wahrscheinlich im Norden.
{"title":"„Feuerböcke“ der jüngeren Vorrömischen Eisenzeit im Milieu der Zarubincy-Kultur","authors":"Vasile Iarmulschi","doi":"10.1515/pz-2021-2009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2021-2009","url":null,"abstract":"Zusammenfassung Zu den Objekten aus Ton, die in den Siedlungen der Zarubincy-Kultur von Belii Grud und Litvinovič 3 gefunden wurden, gehören sog. Feuerböcke. Bislang sind lediglich zwei solcher Exemplare bekannt. Die Analogien zu diesen Exemplaren sind im Milieu der Poienești-Lucașeuca-Kultur – Borosești, Lunca Ciurei – sowie in Siedlungen des nördlichen Mitteleuropa, die in die Vorrömische Eisenzeit datiert werden – Bastrup, Hamburg-Volksdorf, Nowa Wieś, Ribe Amt usw. – zu verorten. Da die im nördlichen Mitteleuropa gefundenen Stücke älter sind, liegt der Ursprung der Feuerböcke wahrscheinlich im Norden.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":"97 1","pages":"265 - 274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41370282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag thematisiert die Bedeutung dreier Frauen, die im Umfeld bedeutender vor- und frühgeschichtlicher Archäologen der Universitäten Tübingen und Berlin im Zeitraum zwischen 1918 und 1939 ihren Einfluss ausübten und forschungsgeschichtliche Entwicklungen in neuem Lichte erscheinen lassen.
{"title":"Weichenstellerinnen – ein Blick hinter die Kulissen der Fachdisziplin Vorgeschichte zwischen 1918–1939","authors":"G. Schöbel","doi":"10.1515/pz-2021-2008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2021-2008","url":null,"abstract":"Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag thematisiert die Bedeutung dreier Frauen, die im Umfeld bedeutender vor- und frühgeschichtlicher Archäologen der Universitäten Tübingen und Berlin im Zeitraum zwischen 1918 und 1939 ihren Einfluss ausübten und forschungsgeschichtliche Entwicklungen in neuem Lichte erscheinen lassen.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":"97 1","pages":"344 - 361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66882657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas Saile, M. Posselt, M. Dębiec, Mariia Lobanova, Aleksander Peresunchak
Summary In Kozavchyn on the Southern Bug, an Early Copper Age settlement surrounded by trenches was explored by means of field surveys and magnetic prospection. In addition to the enclosing trenches, the magnetogram revealed a palisade trench and remains of pits and burnt houses, which covered a contiguous area with archaeological findings of almost 4 ha situated on a spur with the field name “Kozachyi Yar”. The settlement belongs to the Trypillia BI local group Sabatynivka, as does the nearby site Kamyane, “Kamyane-Zavallia 1”, also surrounded by ditches, which was investigated a few years ago and dated to the last third of the 5th millennium BC. The Sabatynivka group is documented in a narrowly confined area on both sides of the Southern Bug River and may have once been a jointly acting political entity. Internal conflicts or external threats from the steppe area to the east are often considered as reasons for the enclosure of CTCC settlements. It seems conceivable, however, that the apparently once much more numerous enclosures had less of a protective than merely a delimiting character.
{"title":"Kozachyi Yar 1: An enclosed Trypillian settlement on the Southern Bug River in Kozavchyn (Ukraine)","authors":"Thomas Saile, M. Posselt, M. Dębiec, Mariia Lobanova, Aleksander Peresunchak","doi":"10.1515/pz-2021-2007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2021-2007","url":null,"abstract":"Summary In Kozavchyn on the Southern Bug, an Early Copper Age settlement surrounded by trenches was explored by means of field surveys and magnetic prospection. In addition to the enclosing trenches, the magnetogram revealed a palisade trench and remains of pits and burnt houses, which covered a contiguous area with archaeological findings of almost 4 ha situated on a spur with the field name “Kozachyi Yar”. The settlement belongs to the Trypillia BI local group Sabatynivka, as does the nearby site Kamyane, “Kamyane-Zavallia 1”, also surrounded by ditches, which was investigated a few years ago and dated to the last third of the 5th millennium BC. The Sabatynivka group is documented in a narrowly confined area on both sides of the Southern Bug River and may have once been a jointly acting political entity. Internal conflicts or external threats from the steppe area to the east are often considered as reasons for the enclosure of CTCC settlements. It seems conceivable, however, that the apparently once much more numerous enclosures had less of a protective than merely a delimiting character.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":"0 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47827625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Buko, T. Dzieńkowski, Stanisław Gołub, Mirosław P. Kruk, M. Michalik, A. Musin, G. Osipowicz, A. Rafalska-Łasocha, M. Wołoszyn
Abstract A fragmentarily preserved Byzantine icon made of steatite was discovered in 2015 during regular excavations in Chełm, eastern Poland. Identified as the left wing of a diptych illustrating the Twelve Great Feasts and created at the close of the 12th century, the find is one of the most important and beautiful Byzantine artefacts to have been found in Poland. The icon was uncovered within the confines of the palace complex which was created by Daniel (Danylo) Romanovych († 1264) in Chełm in the second quarter of 13th century. The icon, even though it was found within the borders of what is now Poland, is material evidence of contact between Byzantium and the social elite of the Galicia-Volhynia lands, rather than with the Polish Piasts. In this paper we concentrated on the presentation of the archaeological context of the find, which made it possible to establish that the icon arrived Chełm before the middle of the 13th century (terminus ante quem 1253), and especially on petrographic and traceological analyses of the icon. Assuming that greenish plaques were indeed the most characteristic steatite icon type, a decision was made to examine, apart from the Chełm artefact made from white rock, a greenish icon from the National Museum in Krakow as well. Petrographic analyses were based on optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD). Both icons were carved in steatite i. e. talc rich rock but their chemical compositions indicate the presence of other components. Artifact from Chełm is white. Porous, enriched in potassium (K) and locally blistering outer rim of the icon from Chełm was formed probably during the fire event. Presence of forsterite and subordinate amount of leucite also indicate high temperature influence. Local enrichment in calcium (Ca) is related to exchange reactions with ground compounds. Accumulation of different components on the surface of the icon’s surface was noted. The icon from the National Museum in Krakow is greenish probably because of the presence of chlorite. The results of the traceological analysis (icon from National Museum in Krakow was not analysed) indicate that the icon found in Chełm was created most likely by a skilled and experienced carver with access to the high-quality magnifying glass and specialist tools required for rendering minuscule objects and their details. The production of the icon also involved the use of a “mechanical” tool, probably a kind of a miller with a rotating polishing head, which also seems to point to a specialist workshop. The use-wear traces observed on artefact are limited to polish resulting from prolonged contact with human hands or storing the icon in a leather case. Most of the extant Byzantine icons are unprovenanced objects held in museum collections or church treasuries. Therefore, as the icon presented in this paper was discovered during archaeological excavations, it ranks among t
{"title":"Beyond Beauty. Byzantine steatite icon from Chełm. Archaeology, Petrography and Traceology","authors":"A. Buko, T. Dzieńkowski, Stanisław Gołub, Mirosław P. Kruk, M. Michalik, A. Musin, G. Osipowicz, A. Rafalska-Łasocha, M. Wołoszyn","doi":"10.1515/pz-2021-2041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2021-2041","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A fragmentarily preserved Byzantine icon made of steatite was discovered in 2015 during regular excavations in Chełm, eastern Poland. Identified as the left wing of a diptych illustrating the Twelve Great Feasts and created at the close of the 12th century, the find is one of the most important and beautiful Byzantine artefacts to have been found in Poland. The icon was uncovered within the confines of the palace complex which was created by Daniel (Danylo) Romanovych († 1264) in Chełm in the second quarter of 13th century. The icon, even though it was found within the borders of what is now Poland, is material evidence of contact between Byzantium and the social elite of the Galicia-Volhynia lands, rather than with the Polish Piasts. In this paper we concentrated on the presentation of the archaeological context of the find, which made it possible to establish that the icon arrived Chełm before the middle of the 13th century (terminus ante quem 1253), and especially on petrographic and traceological analyses of the icon. Assuming that greenish plaques were indeed the most characteristic steatite icon type, a decision was made to examine, apart from the Chełm artefact made from white rock, a greenish icon from the National Museum in Krakow as well. Petrographic analyses were based on optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD). Both icons were carved in steatite i. e. talc rich rock but their chemical compositions indicate the presence of other components. Artifact from Chełm is white. Porous, enriched in potassium (K) and locally blistering outer rim of the icon from Chełm was formed probably during the fire event. Presence of forsterite and subordinate amount of leucite also indicate high temperature influence. Local enrichment in calcium (Ca) is related to exchange reactions with ground compounds. Accumulation of different components on the surface of the icon’s surface was noted. The icon from the National Museum in Krakow is greenish probably because of the presence of chlorite. The results of the traceological analysis (icon from National Museum in Krakow was not analysed) indicate that the icon found in Chełm was created most likely by a skilled and experienced carver with access to the high-quality magnifying glass and specialist tools required for rendering minuscule objects and their details. The production of the icon also involved the use of a “mechanical” tool, probably a kind of a miller with a rotating polishing head, which also seems to point to a specialist workshop. The use-wear traces observed on artefact are limited to polish resulting from prolonged contact with human hands or storing the icon in a leather case. Most of the extant Byzantine icons are unprovenanced objects held in museum collections or church treasuries. Therefore, as the icon presented in this paper was discovered during archaeological excavations, it ranks among t","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":"96 1","pages":"609 - 649"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45035296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tobias Hofstetter, J. Desideri, François Mariéthoz, M. Besse
Abstract This paper’s primary focus is the investigation of Late Iron Age funeral practices. This is carried out by means of a multidisciplinary study of two necropolises, Randogne – Bluche and Sion – Parking des Remparts, which are located in southwestern Switzerland. The overall purpose of this paper is to enhance the socio-cultural understanding of this period through an integrated approach that combines the fields of bioanthropology, archaeology and ancient cultural history. Consequently, sex, age, pathologies and biological proximity first were assessed for the individuals found in the two studied necropolises. Next, data from these necropolises was contrasted with the archaeological and cultural environment from the surrounding regions. Finally, a combined perspective was developed in order to consider and combine the data collected through these different approaches. The obtained results appear to point to a regional particularism present in southwestern Switzerland’s funerary practices during the Late Iron Age. However, cultural influences from both northern and southern neighbouring regions can be identified in southwestern Switzerland’s funerary rites and material productions, which sheds light on the innerworkings of the Celtic communities populating this region.
摘要本文的主要关注点是对铁器时代晚期丧葬习俗的调查。这是通过对位于瑞士西南部的两个墓地Randogne–Bluche和Sion–Parking des Remparts进行多学科研究的方式进行的。本文的总体目的是通过结合生物人类学、考古学和古代文化史领域的综合方法，增强对这一时期的社会文化理解。因此，首先对两个研究尸检中发现的个体的性别、年龄、病理学和生物学接近性进行了评估。接下来，将这些墓地的数据与周围地区的考古和文化环境进行对比。最后，为了考虑和结合通过这些不同方法收集的数据，提出了一种综合观点。所获得的结果似乎表明，在铁器时代晚期，瑞士西南部的殡葬实践中存在着一种区域性的特殊性。然而，来自北部和南部邻近地区的文化影响可以在瑞士西南部的葬礼仪式和材料制作中找到，这揭示了居住在该地区的凯尔特人社区的内部运作。
{"title":"Human Skeletons, Grave Goods and Textual Sources: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Southwestern Switzerland’s Late Iron Age Communities through the Study of their Funerary Rites","authors":"Tobias Hofstetter, J. Desideri, François Mariéthoz, M. Besse","doi":"10.1515/pz-2021-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2021-2021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper’s primary focus is the investigation of Late Iron Age funeral practices. This is carried out by means of a multidisciplinary study of two necropolises, Randogne – Bluche and Sion – Parking des Remparts, which are located in southwestern Switzerland. The overall purpose of this paper is to enhance the socio-cultural understanding of this period through an integrated approach that combines the fields of bioanthropology, archaeology and ancient cultural history. Consequently, sex, age, pathologies and biological proximity first were assessed for the individuals found in the two studied necropolises. Next, data from these necropolises was contrasted with the archaeological and cultural environment from the surrounding regions. Finally, a combined perspective was developed in order to consider and combine the data collected through these different approaches. The obtained results appear to point to a regional particularism present in southwestern Switzerland’s funerary practices during the Late Iron Age. However, cultural influences from both northern and southern neighbouring regions can be identified in southwestern Switzerland’s funerary rites and material productions, which sheds light on the innerworkings of the Celtic communities populating this region.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":"97 1","pages":"275 - 290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43108852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In Transylvania, settlements of the Transdanubian Linienbandkeramik (LBK) are predominantly found in the Braşov Depression. Excavations at the LBK settlement of Olteni, located on the right bank of the Olt River, brought to light the fragmented remains of at least two ground plans of Early Neolithic longhouses. These are the first convincing evidence of such structures in Romania. The pottery allows dating the site to a later Notenkopf phase of the LBK. Among the ceramic pieces, a fragment of a small altar and several multiply perforated objects are particularly conspicuous; this is the first time sieves have been discovered in an LBK context in Romania. In addition, the Olteni site yielded the most extensive collection of anthropomorphic and zoomorphic plastic in the entire Eastern Bandkeramik milieu.
{"title":"Aspects of a Bandkeramik settlement near Olteni in Transylvania","authors":"Thomas Saile, M. Dębiec, D. Buzea","doi":"10.1515/pz-2021-2006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2021-2006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In Transylvania, settlements of the Transdanubian Linienbandkeramik (LBK) are predominantly found in the Braşov Depression. Excavations at the LBK settlement of Olteni, located on the right bank of the Olt River, brought to light the fragmented remains of at least two ground plans of Early Neolithic longhouses. These are the first convincing evidence of such structures in Romania. The pottery allows dating the site to a later Notenkopf phase of the LBK. Among the ceramic pieces, a fragment of a small altar and several multiply perforated objects are particularly conspicuous; this is the first time sieves have been discovered in an LBK context in Romania. In addition, the Olteni site yielded the most extensive collection of anthropomorphic and zoomorphic plastic in the entire Eastern Bandkeramik milieu.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":"97 1","pages":"1 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49409340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Over the past dozen years or so, there has been a significant increase in the pace of research on the phenomenon of the Trzciniec cultural circle. This is due to a snowballing increase of the source base, which was obtained as part of modern excavations, currently being conducted in a wide spatial scope (research on routes of planned motorways). A number of synthesis publications have also appeared. Coherent periodizations of development of this cultural circle has been worked out for many regions. It should be noted, however, that these are mainly systematics created on the basis of materials originating from settlements. The number of sepulchral discoveries that have been made so far is incomparably smaller than those of settlement-type objects. The problem of the scale of occurrence of cemeteries seems to be very clear, because in some thoroughly researched areas, no single confirmed grave has yet been discovered. The areas of the San, Vistula and Wisłoka river interfluves, the central Warta region and the sandy areas of the Nida Basin can, among others, be considered as such regions. This article is an attempt to address this problem more broadly. It is also a search for possible explanations the indicated irregularity of an absence of grave sites. The work analyses three aspects of this issue: the degree of excavation reconnaisance of the Trzciniec ecumen, environmental conditions and cultural factors. For the purposes of the analyses, a current list of sepulchral sites of the Trzciniec culture in Poland has been created and all relevant information has been collected. Selected aspects have been illustrated with various types of mapping, specific examples from selected Trzciniec culture sites or groups remote territorially or remote in time, chemical analyses of soil for phosphorus content and radiocarbon facts.
{"title":"An elusive ritual or a weave of adverse environmental conditions? From a research on the issue of a small number of sepulchral objects in the Trzciniec culture","authors":"Joanna Adamik-Proksa, J. Stanek-Tarkowska","doi":"10.1515/pz-2021-0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2021-0040","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Over the past dozen years or so, there has been a significant increase in the pace of research on the phenomenon of the Trzciniec cultural circle. This is due to a snowballing increase of the source base, which was obtained as part of modern excavations, currently being conducted in a wide spatial scope (research on routes of planned motorways). A number of synthesis publications have also appeared. Coherent periodizations of development of this cultural circle has been worked out for many regions. It should be noted, however, that these are mainly systematics created on the basis of materials originating from settlements. The number of sepulchral discoveries that have been made so far is incomparably smaller than those of settlement-type objects. The problem of the scale of occurrence of cemeteries seems to be very clear, because in some thoroughly researched areas, no single confirmed grave has yet been discovered. The areas of the San, Vistula and Wisłoka river interfluves, the central Warta region and the sandy areas of the Nida Basin can, among others, be considered as such regions. This article is an attempt to address this problem more broadly. It is also a search for possible explanations the indicated irregularity of an absence of grave sites. The work analyses three aspects of this issue: the degree of excavation reconnaisance of the Trzciniec ecumen, environmental conditions and cultural factors. For the purposes of the analyses, a current list of sepulchral sites of the Trzciniec culture in Poland has been created and all relevant information has been collected. Selected aspects have been illustrated with various types of mapping, specific examples from selected Trzciniec culture sites or groups remote territorially or remote in time, chemical analyses of soil for phosphorus content and radiocarbon facts.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":"96 1","pages":"444 - 463"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49388224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Naumov, Aleksandar Mitkoski, Hristijan Talevski, Jana Anvari, M. Przybyła, Darko Stojanovski, F. Antolín, A. Sabanov, Ivana Živaljević, V. Dimitrijević, J. Gibaja, N. Mazzucco, Gjore Milevski, Nikola Dumurđanov, J. Pendić, Zlata Blažeska, S. Stefanović
Abstract Vrbjanska Čuka is a tell site in the region of Pelagonia (Macedonia) established 8000 years ago by the Neolithic communities. Later it was used as an agricultural unit during the Roman era and the Middle Ages when it was also employed as a burial area. The excavations performed in the 1980s and during the last five years indicate a Neolithic farming society that constructed large buildings made of daub in a settlement enclosed by a circular ditch. The buildings had many clay structures, such as ovens, granaries, bins and grinding areas for processing cereals and bread production. The Neolithic communities used sophisticated fine pottery and modeled figurines and altars, while the stone tools were mainly used for cutting trees, harvesting and grinding. Apart from the cereal-based food (einkorn wheat, emmer wheat or barley), the inhabitants of Vrbjanska Čuka consumed lentils, peas and a variety of gathered wild fruits, while cattle, caprovine, mussels, fish and wild game meat was also part of a diet, as well as the dairy products. This paper will be a summary of a variety of data provided from the current international and multidisciplinary research of the site that involves excavation, prospection, geomagnetic survey, study of material culture, examination of architecture, radiocarbon dating, geoarchaeological, archaeobotanical, archaeozoological, lipid and use-wear analyses, as well as the topographic and 3D modeling. The recent knowledge on Vrbjanska Čuka provides novel understanding of the Early Neolithic in Pelagonia and contributes to the more extensive research of first farming societies in the Balkans.
{"title":"The Early Neolithic tell of Vrbjanska Čuka in Pelagonia","authors":"G. Naumov, Aleksandar Mitkoski, Hristijan Talevski, Jana Anvari, M. Przybyła, Darko Stojanovski, F. Antolín, A. Sabanov, Ivana Živaljević, V. Dimitrijević, J. Gibaja, N. Mazzucco, Gjore Milevski, Nikola Dumurđanov, J. Pendić, Zlata Blažeska, S. Stefanović","doi":"10.1515/pz-2021-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2021-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Vrbjanska Čuka is a tell site in the region of Pelagonia (Macedonia) established 8000 years ago by the Neolithic communities. Later it was used as an agricultural unit during the Roman era and the Middle Ages when it was also employed as a burial area. The excavations performed in the 1980s and during the last five years indicate a Neolithic farming society that constructed large buildings made of daub in a settlement enclosed by a circular ditch. The buildings had many clay structures, such as ovens, granaries, bins and grinding areas for processing cereals and bread production. The Neolithic communities used sophisticated fine pottery and modeled figurines and altars, while the stone tools were mainly used for cutting trees, harvesting and grinding. Apart from the cereal-based food (einkorn wheat, emmer wheat or barley), the inhabitants of Vrbjanska Čuka consumed lentils, peas and a variety of gathered wild fruits, while cattle, caprovine, mussels, fish and wild game meat was also part of a diet, as well as the dairy products. This paper will be a summary of a variety of data provided from the current international and multidisciplinary research of the site that involves excavation, prospection, geomagnetic survey, study of material culture, examination of architecture, radiocarbon dating, geoarchaeological, archaeobotanical, archaeozoological, lipid and use-wear analyses, as well as the topographic and 3D modeling. The recent knowledge on Vrbjanska Čuka provides novel understanding of the Early Neolithic in Pelagonia and contributes to the more extensive research of first farming societies in the Balkans.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":"0 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66882621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomasz J. Chmielewski, Agata Hałuszko, Maksym Mackiewicz, Igor Pieńkos, Agata Sady-Bugajska, E. Starkova, Katarzyna Ślusarska
Abstract The study addresses remains of two peculiar graves unearthed at the site Mikulin 9 in the Dobużek Scarp (Pol. Skarpa Dobużańska) area in Western Volhynia. Unique character of the burials under consideration consists in the peculiarity of funeral ritual performed, scenario of which was basically divided into two acts of burning of the deceased – once on cremation pyres, and then in the eventual places of their interment (grave pits). Both the graves under consideration as well as analogical finds from the western part of the Lublin-Volhynian Upland and its northern foreland can be connected with an impact form the Pontic area and dated back to the Early Scythian Period. Historically, their presence is commonly considered as a result of westward migrations of forest-steppe people form the area of nowadays Ukraine triggered by the appearance of Indo-Iranian Scythian tribes. In the case of the presented burials no less significant from the peculiar eastern burial rite performed seem their localization. When discussing the Dobużek Scarp area as a destiny point of one of such migrations, clearly Pontic character of the escarpment’s physiography should be taken into consideration. The local conditions of the already unsettled loess paha of Dobużek escarpment must have peculiarly attracted pastoral communities arriving from the east. Moreover, the graves were placed in a very exposed point within the preexisting prehistoric landscape, to wit – they were dug into today non-existent but then dominating the area long barrows of the Funnel Beaker Culture. It seems likely that by the act of burying their kinsman into the exposed Eneolithic mounds the incomers tried to create an ancestral tie with the area and thereby justify their presence “here and now”.
摘要本研究涉及在Volhynia西部Dobużek Scarp（Pol.Skarpa Dobu 380 ; ańska）地区的Mikulin 9遗址出土的两座特殊坟墓的遗迹。所考虑的葬礼的独特性在于所进行的葬礼仪式的特殊性，葬礼的场景基本上分为两种焚烧死者的行为——一种是在火葬柴堆上，另一种是最终埋葬死者的地方（坟墓坑）。正在考虑的坟墓以及卢布林-沃利尼安高地西部及其北部前陆的类似发现都可能与庞蒂克地区的撞击有关，可以追溯到斯基泰人早期。从历史上看，他们的存在通常被认为是由印度-伊朗斯基泰人部落的出现引发的森林草原人从今天的乌克兰地区向西迁移的结果。就所呈现的墓葬而言，与所进行的独特的东方埋葬仪式相比，其意义并不亚于它们的本地化。在讨论多布埃克悬崖地区作为其中一次迁徙的命运点时，显然应该考虑到悬崖地貌的庞蒂特征。多布埃克悬崖已经不稳定的黄土帕哈的当地条件一定特别吸引了来自东部的牧民社区。此外，这些坟墓被放置在先前存在的史前景观中一个非常暴露的地方，也就是说，它们被挖掘到今天不存在的地方，但当时占据了漏斗烧杯文化的长手推车区域。似乎是通过将亲属埋葬在裸露的风化土丘中，外来者试图与该地区建立祖先关系，从而证明他们“此时此地”的存在是合理的。
{"title":"Einmal ist keinmal. Peculiar burial practices of prehistoric communities settling the Lublin-Volhynia Upland in the Early Iron Age","authors":"Tomasz J. Chmielewski, Agata Hałuszko, Maksym Mackiewicz, Igor Pieńkos, Agata Sady-Bugajska, E. Starkova, Katarzyna Ślusarska","doi":"10.1515/pz-2021-2042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2021-2042","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study addresses remains of two peculiar graves unearthed at the site Mikulin 9 in the Dobużek Scarp (Pol. Skarpa Dobużańska) area in Western Volhynia. Unique character of the burials under consideration consists in the peculiarity of funeral ritual performed, scenario of which was basically divided into two acts of burning of the deceased – once on cremation pyres, and then in the eventual places of their interment (grave pits). Both the graves under consideration as well as analogical finds from the western part of the Lublin-Volhynian Upland and its northern foreland can be connected with an impact form the Pontic area and dated back to the Early Scythian Period. Historically, their presence is commonly considered as a result of westward migrations of forest-steppe people form the area of nowadays Ukraine triggered by the appearance of Indo-Iranian Scythian tribes. In the case of the presented burials no less significant from the peculiar eastern burial rite performed seem their localization. When discussing the Dobużek Scarp area as a destiny point of one of such migrations, clearly Pontic character of the escarpment’s physiography should be taken into consideration. The local conditions of the already unsettled loess paha of Dobużek escarpment must have peculiarly attracted pastoral communities arriving from the east. Moreover, the graves were placed in a very exposed point within the preexisting prehistoric landscape, to wit – they were dug into today non-existent but then dominating the area long barrows of the Funnel Beaker Culture. It seems likely that by the act of burying their kinsman into the exposed Eneolithic mounds the incomers tried to create an ancestral tie with the area and thereby justify their presence “here and now”.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":"96 1","pages":"532 - 570"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46256393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zusammenfassung Der längste Abschnitt der mykenischen „Palastzeit“, Späthelladisch III A2/B (ca. 1370–1200 v. Chr.), wird in der mykenischen Archäologie auch mit dem Begriff der „koiné“ bezeichnet, da uns die materiellen Hinterlassenschaften dieser Jahrzehnte als ausgesprochen homogen erscheinen. Mit diesem Beitrag wird dies für die Peloponnes kritisch und auf einer breiteren Quellenbasis hinterfragt. Dabei wird auf durchaus nicht zu unterschätzende Unterschiede in der materiellen Kultur dieser Zeit hingewiesen, die wiederum in Zusammenhang mit den Handlungen und Entscheidungen der Menschen in der damaligen Zeit gesehen werden müssen. Insgesamt wird dem Modell „homogenerer“ Verhältnisse, ausgehend von der materiellen Kultur, zugestimmt – im Vergleich mit unserem Bild der frühmykenischen Zeit sowie der Nachpalastzeit. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit, von der materiellen Kultur ausgehend zwingende Rückschlüsse auf die politische Gliederung in der Vergangenheit, auf das konkrete Territorium eines „Staates“, auf Grenzverläufe etc. ziehen zu können, sei allerdings als sehr gering eingeschätzt.
{"title":"Die Peloponnes in der mykenischen Palastzeit – wie „homogen“ war das Leben der Menschen in den einzelnen Regionen?","authors":"Tobias Mühlenbruch","doi":"10.1515/pz-2021-2044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2021-2044","url":null,"abstract":"Zusammenfassung Der längste Abschnitt der mykenischen „Palastzeit“, Späthelladisch III A2/B (ca. 1370–1200 v. Chr.), wird in der mykenischen Archäologie auch mit dem Begriff der „koiné“ bezeichnet, da uns die materiellen Hinterlassenschaften dieser Jahrzehnte als ausgesprochen homogen erscheinen. Mit diesem Beitrag wird dies für die Peloponnes kritisch und auf einer breiteren Quellenbasis hinterfragt. Dabei wird auf durchaus nicht zu unterschätzende Unterschiede in der materiellen Kultur dieser Zeit hingewiesen, die wiederum in Zusammenhang mit den Handlungen und Entscheidungen der Menschen in der damaligen Zeit gesehen werden müssen. Insgesamt wird dem Modell „homogenerer“ Verhältnisse, ausgehend von der materiellen Kultur, zugestimmt – im Vergleich mit unserem Bild der frühmykenischen Zeit sowie der Nachpalastzeit. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit, von der materiellen Kultur ausgehend zwingende Rückschlüsse auf die politische Gliederung in der Vergangenheit, auf das konkrete Territorium eines „Staates“, auf Grenzverläufe etc. ziehen zu können, sei allerdings als sehr gering eingeschätzt.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":"96 1","pages":"485 - 499"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45800960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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