S. Czopek, T. Tokarczyk, K. Trybała-Zawiślak, Joanna Adamik-Proksa, M. Burghardt, Ewelina Ocadryga-Tokarczyk, Wojciech Rajpold
Abstract The article presents the methodology of archaeological research on the hillfort in Chotyniec in south-eastern Poland. In addition to other elements, the research project included the discovery and examination of an object known as a zolnik. A zolnik is a unique object which functioned as a cult place where rituals took the form of communal feasts. Similar objects can be found among those located in the forest-steppe zone of Eastern Europe, which in the early Iron Age was influenced by the Scythian culture. The research methodology presented in the article deviates significantly from that used so far in relation to the investigation of zolniks. This is due to the focus on identifying the most complete spatial and functional context possible, as well as creating a permanent excavation documentation for further analysis and verification. Particular emphasis was placed on the accuracy and meticulousness of documenting the discoveries, which would not have been possible without the application and implementation of spatial information systems. Due to its innovative nature, the article is also intended to start a discussion about the way in which the proposed change in the methods of zolnik examination translates into greater interpretation possibilities. This applies to both functional and chronological issues, which in turn leads to a fuller knowledge and reconstruction of these objects.
{"title":"Research methodology of the zolnik (ash hill) at the Scythian cultural circle hillfort in Chotyniec","authors":"S. Czopek, T. Tokarczyk, K. Trybała-Zawiślak, Joanna Adamik-Proksa, M. Burghardt, Ewelina Ocadryga-Tokarczyk, Wojciech Rajpold","doi":"10.1515/pz-2022-2061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2022-2061","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article presents the methodology of archaeological research on the hillfort in Chotyniec in south-eastern Poland. In addition to other elements, the research project included the discovery and examination of an object known as a zolnik. A zolnik is a unique object which functioned as a cult place where rituals took the form of communal feasts. Similar objects can be found among those located in the forest-steppe zone of Eastern Europe, which in the early Iron Age was influenced by the Scythian culture. The research methodology presented in the article deviates significantly from that used so far in relation to the investigation of zolniks. This is due to the focus on identifying the most complete spatial and functional context possible, as well as creating a permanent excavation documentation for further analysis and verification. Particular emphasis was placed on the accuracy and meticulousness of documenting the discoveries, which would not have been possible without the application and implementation of spatial information systems. Due to its innovative nature, the article is also intended to start a discussion about the way in which the proposed change in the methods of zolnik examination translates into greater interpretation possibilities. This applies to both functional and chronological issues, which in turn leads to a fuller knowledge and reconstruction of these objects.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48646083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dmytro Kiosak, N. Kotova, Olha Demchenko, A. Bardeckyi, Dagmara H. Werra
Abstract This paper addresses the earliest Neolithic phases in Ukraine: aspects relating to the chronology, methods and time of Neolithisation. In general, the earliest Neolithisation relates to the times of the Linear Pottery culture. Nevertheless, Ukraine has numerous eco-zones so the process could have been different in other zones. The authors emphasize that the key to getting closer to solving this problem is the chronology-re-dating and validation program. Hitherto dates of one culture or period of culture have been treated against each other. This article presents a small series of AMS from well-defined contexts of four sites, previously dated by the Kyiv radiocarbon facility. The results are compared with existing dates in order to establish the validity of existing chronologies for the Neolithic of Ukraine. Obtained results allowed the authors to conclude that the Kyiv dates should not be obligatorily treated as wrong. Furthermore, the authors reopened the discussion to establish what was the role of LBK and Azov-Dnieper culture communities in spreading farming and herding in Ukraine during the second half of the VIth millennium BC.
{"title":"Verifying the chronology of Ukrainian Neolithic","authors":"Dmytro Kiosak, N. Kotova, Olha Demchenko, A. Bardeckyi, Dagmara H. Werra","doi":"10.1515/pz-2022-2058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2022-2058","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper addresses the earliest Neolithic phases in Ukraine: aspects relating to the chronology, methods and time of Neolithisation. In general, the earliest Neolithisation relates to the times of the Linear Pottery culture. Nevertheless, Ukraine has numerous eco-zones so the process could have been different in other zones. The authors emphasize that the key to getting closer to solving this problem is the chronology-re-dating and validation program. Hitherto dates of one culture or period of culture have been treated against each other. This article presents a small series of AMS from well-defined contexts of four sites, previously dated by the Kyiv radiocarbon facility. The results are compared with existing dates in order to establish the validity of existing chronologies for the Neolithic of Ukraine. Obtained results allowed the authors to conclude that the Kyiv dates should not be obligatorily treated as wrong. Furthermore, the authors reopened the discussion to establish what was the role of LBK and Azov-Dnieper culture communities in spreading farming and herding in Ukraine during the second half of the VIth millennium BC.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48031823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The results of archaeological research carried out on the early medieval stronghold in Santok prove that from the 2nd half of the 8th century it functioned in the contact zone between Baltic trade centres and inland, as one of the points in the network of goods exchange. We present the centre in a broader context, not only from the perspective of discovered artefacts but from the natural and ideological elements of the landscape of this place created by the communities inhabiting the Warta and Noteć valleys in the 8th and 9th centuries. The settlement was founded in a convergence of waterways in a way that perfectly uses elements of the topography of the area. Wetlands were important ecological niches for residents whose lifestyle was associated with exploring both the valley and upland zones. Santok is difficult to interpret merely as a mere reflection of the practicality of power or economic activity, including manufacturing and trade. It is a clearly legible place in the landscape, with a symbolic structure that represents the concepts of the cosmological order related to the spatial organization of the exchange point and the communication node. So far Santok is the only recognized trading post on a waterway, in this part of the Slavic region, with such an early chronology. Thus we have attempted to present the landscape of this place, considering its many elements, at different levels of perception and in a broad context.
{"title":"The marketplace landscape in Santok in the 8th–9th century, NW Poland","authors":"Kinga Zamelska-Monczak, A. Piotrowski, P. Sydor","doi":"10.1515/pz-2023-2007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2023-2007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The results of archaeological research carried out on the early medieval stronghold in Santok prove that from the 2nd half of the 8th century it functioned in the contact zone between Baltic trade centres and inland, as one of the points in the network of goods exchange. We present the centre in a broader context, not only from the perspective of discovered artefacts but from the natural and ideological elements of the landscape of this place created by the communities inhabiting the Warta and Noteć valleys in the 8th and 9th centuries. The settlement was founded in a convergence of waterways in a way that perfectly uses elements of the topography of the area. Wetlands were important ecological niches for residents whose lifestyle was associated with exploring both the valley and upland zones. Santok is difficult to interpret merely as a mere reflection of the practicality of power or economic activity, including manufacturing and trade. It is a clearly legible place in the landscape, with a symbolic structure that represents the concepts of the cosmological order related to the spatial organization of the exchange point and the communication node. So far Santok is the only recognized trading post on a waterway, in this part of the Slavic region, with such an early chronology. Thus we have attempted to present the landscape of this place, considering its many elements, at different levels of perception and in a broad context.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47595314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Hlavica, K. Slávicek, Lucie Valášková, J. Petřík, D. Všianský
Zusammenfassung Der vorliegende Artikel präsentiert eine archäologische Methode zum Nachweis marktwirtschaftlichen Austausches anhand von Keramik, die hier als typische Handelsware definiert ist. Ein Keramikkomplex aus dem großmährischen (9. Jh.) Zentralort Staré Město bei Uherské Hradiště wurde archäometrisch (XRF, Petrographie, XRD) untersucht. Das Ergebnis zeigt ein komplexes Handelsnetz zwischen dem Zentrum und Teilen des Hinterlandes. Weiterhin bestätigen die Ergebnisse die These einer Einbindung des Zentrums in ein regionales Marktsystem und helfen, die Kommerzialisierungsprozesse der lokalen frühmittelalterlichen Wirtschaft zu verstehen.
{"title":"Pottery as a witness of commercialization: The case of 9th-century ‘Great Moravia’","authors":"M. Hlavica, K. Slávicek, Lucie Valášková, J. Petřík, D. Všianský","doi":"10.1515/pz-2023-2012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2023-2012","url":null,"abstract":"Zusammenfassung Der vorliegende Artikel präsentiert eine archäologische Methode zum Nachweis marktwirtschaftlichen Austausches anhand von Keramik, die hier als typische Handelsware definiert ist. Ein Keramikkomplex aus dem großmährischen (9. Jh.) Zentralort Staré Město bei Uherské Hradiště wurde archäometrisch (XRF, Petrographie, XRD) untersucht. Das Ergebnis zeigt ein komplexes Handelsnetz zwischen dem Zentrum und Teilen des Hinterlandes. Weiterhin bestätigen die Ergebnisse die These einer Einbindung des Zentrums in ein regionales Marktsystem und helfen, die Kommerzialisierungsprozesse der lokalen frühmittelalterlichen Wirtschaft zu verstehen.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41992910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The aim of the present paper is to explore the role monuments and monumentality play in the creation of collective identities in early Greece by focusing on two case studies, Lefkandi and Eretria. Equal emphasis will be given to the study of both the burials and the buildings that were subsequently created in honour of the deceased, transforming both sites from individual monuments to collective ones. People’s perceptions of the monuments changed over time affecting their monumentality hence influencing the emergence of collective identities centred around the Toumba cemetery and the West Gate cemetery at Lefkandi and Eretria respectively.
{"title":"Not another paper on Lefkandi and Eretria! A communo-centric approach to the creation of collective identities in Lefkandi and Eretria","authors":"Christos Giamakis","doi":"10.1515/pz-2023-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2023-2020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of the present paper is to explore the role monuments and monumentality play in the creation of collective identities in early Greece by focusing on two case studies, Lefkandi and Eretria. Equal emphasis will be given to the study of both the burials and the buildings that were subsequently created in honour of the deceased, transforming both sites from individual monuments to collective ones. People’s perceptions of the monuments changed over time affecting their monumentality hence influencing the emergence of collective identities centred around the Toumba cemetery and the West Gate cemetery at Lefkandi and Eretria respectively.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47991354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In recent decades, many studies have been carried out on the technology of ceramics of the Trypillya-Cucuteni culture. The presented article gives a summary of much of the information amassed. All stages of the Trypillya ceramic production have been considered: the preparation of the clay mass, the methods of modelling, the connection of structural parts, and decoration. Manufacturing standards for vessels that formed ceramic assemblages of different chronological stages of Trypillya culture are identified. Particular attention is paid to the study of engobe and the composition of pigments in the paint layer.
{"title":"Technologies and standards in ceramic production of middle–late Trypillya culture","authors":"Elena Starkova","doi":"10.1515/pz-2022-2019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2022-2019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In recent decades, many studies have been carried out on the technology of ceramics of the Trypillya-Cucuteni culture. The presented article gives a summary of much of the information amassed. All stages of the Trypillya ceramic production have been considered: the preparation of the clay mass, the methods of modelling, the connection of structural parts, and decoration. Manufacturing standards for vessels that formed ceramic assemblages of different chronological stages of Trypillya culture are identified. Particular attention is paid to the study of engobe and the composition of pigments in the paint layer.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46478599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A research project aiming to determine the functional aspects of flint-knapping of the Lublin-Volhynian culture (ca. 4200–3650/3600 BC) has been conducted for several years in the Institute of Archaeology at the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin. This article presents deliberations on the functions of tools discovered in a rich male grave, at site 1C in Gródek. The subject of the functional research are nine artefacts deposited near the buried person. Among them, noteworthy are two retouched blade daggers found on the buried man’s rib cage. Other items – blades and tools – were discovered in different parts of the burial pit. When conducting microscopic analyses, attention was paid to the fact that the discovered forms represent two categories – used artefacts and those that do not have marks of utilisation on their edges. Spectrometric analyses (SEM-EDS) of residual substances recorded on the surfaces of certain artefacts supplemented the performed research.
{"title":"Macrolithic flint products from inventories of adult male graves of the Lublin-Volhynian culture – prestige goods or everyday use items – by the example of grave No. 2/1987 from site 1C in Gródek, Hrubieszów District (Poland)","authors":"Piotr Mączyński, Anka Zakościelna, M. Bosiak","doi":"10.1515/pz-2023-2019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2023-2019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A research project aiming to determine the functional aspects of flint-knapping of the Lublin-Volhynian culture (ca. 4200–3650/3600 BC) has been conducted for several years in the Institute of Archaeology at the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin. This article presents deliberations on the functions of tools discovered in a rich male grave, at site 1C in Gródek. The subject of the functional research are nine artefacts deposited near the buried person. Among them, noteworthy are two retouched blade daggers found on the buried man’s rib cage. Other items – blades and tools – were discovered in different parts of the burial pit. When conducting microscopic analyses, attention was paid to the fact that the discovered forms represent two categories – used artefacts and those that do not have marks of utilisation on their edges. Spectrometric analyses (SEM-EDS) of residual substances recorded on the surfaces of certain artefacts supplemented the performed research.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44179417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The presence of wild boar on the island of Crete has been discussed since the beginning of Cretan archaeology. Presumed wild individuals are depicted on various types of objects from the Minoan period. Wild pig remains have been identified on several Cretan sites ranging from the Neolithic to the Byzantine period. Despite the relatively large number of such reports, the nature of evidence from the island is often unclear or at least questionable. Available biometric data do not support the establishment of a stable wild population on the island during its history. This paper provides a detailed overview of contemporary evidence and highlights the need for systematic data collection.
{"title":"Is it ‘Sus-picious’? Revisiting the Presence of the Wild Boar on the Island of Crete","authors":"Michal Smíšek, Miriam Molnárová","doi":"10.1515/pz-2022-2064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2022-2064","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The presence of wild boar on the island of Crete has been discussed since the beginning of Cretan archaeology. Presumed wild individuals are depicted on various types of objects from the Minoan period. Wild pig remains have been identified on several Cretan sites ranging from the Neolithic to the Byzantine period. Despite the relatively large number of such reports, the nature of evidence from the island is often unclear or at least questionable. Available biometric data do not support the establishment of a stable wild population on the island during its history. This paper provides a detailed overview of contemporary evidence and highlights the need for systematic data collection.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48917636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The paper discusses a mysterious zoomorphic wolf-shaped copper alloy artefact that was discovered as a stray find in Międzyrzecz (Poland). The find is bar-like with a profiled engraved image of a lying animal, possibly a wolf. It is locally gilded on the visible side of “wolf” details. The gilding was made using an amalgam technique known since Antiquity, with the base metal composed of arsenical copper alloy with lead addition. A fixing element made of iron has only survived fragmentarily, which renders the reconstruction of the entire artefact’s shape impossible. Its function has not been identified, but a broad spectrum of possible interpretations has been proposed. Stylistic traits allow to date the artefact to the Migration Period, or more specifically to the 6th century. The wolf image implies that the artefact can be related to the Germanic warriors’ world. At present, it cannot be determined whether there was a 6th century settlement cluster in the vicinity of Międzyrzecz to which the find can be related, or we are dealing with an isolated testimony of population translocations.
{"title":"Mars and Mercury. A golden wolf from Western Poland – a mysterious find","authors":"Bartosz Kontny, E. Miśta-Jakubowska, G. Żabiński","doi":"10.1515/pz-2022-2063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2022-2063","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper discusses a mysterious zoomorphic wolf-shaped copper alloy artefact that was discovered as a stray find in Międzyrzecz (Poland). The find is bar-like with a profiled engraved image of a lying animal, possibly a wolf. It is locally gilded on the visible side of “wolf” details. The gilding was made using an amalgam technique known since Antiquity, with the base metal composed of arsenical copper alloy with lead addition. A fixing element made of iron has only survived fragmentarily, which renders the reconstruction of the entire artefact’s shape impossible. Its function has not been identified, but a broad spectrum of possible interpretations has been proposed. Stylistic traits allow to date the artefact to the Migration Period, or more specifically to the 6th century. The wolf image implies that the artefact can be related to the Germanic warriors’ world. At present, it cannot be determined whether there was a 6th century settlement cluster in the vicinity of Międzyrzecz to which the find can be related, or we are dealing with an isolated testimony of population translocations.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44161633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Jaeger, Dominika Oravkinová, P. Piszora, Ladislav Olexa, M. Soják
Zusammenfassung Dank einer langen Geschichte der Erforschung der Herkunft, der Verteilungsnetze und der Bewertung der kulturellen Bedeutung von Bernstein, nimmt die Informationsmenge über die Komplexität der Tauschnetzwerke im bronzezeitlichen Europa stetig zu. Die vorliegende Studie stellt die nächste Stufe in der Entwicklung der Forschung zu diesem Thema dar. Sie präsentiert eine Synthese des bisherigen Wissens über das Vorkommen von Bernstein in der Frühbronzezeit auf dem Gebiet der heutigen Slowakei sowie neue Erkenntnisse über die Herkunft des Rohmaterials und die absolute Chronologie der Funde von drei ausgewählten Fundstellen im östlichen Teil des Landes. Auf der Grundlage der gewonnenen Informationen werden Schlüsselfragen im Zusammenhang mit der Herkunft des Bernsteins, dem Kontext seiner Ablagerung und den chronologischen Mechanismen seiner Verbreitung im untersuchten Gebiet diskutiert. Die erzielten Ergebnisse sind ermutigend genug, um die Anfänge der Bernsteinannahme, seine weitere Wahrnehmung und Bewertung durch Tauschstrategien zu vergleichen und zu klären, wobei Bernstein eher als Nebenprodukt eines komplexeren Handelssystems bereitgestellt zu werden scheint, das sich in erster Linie auf den Metalltausch konzentriert.
{"title":"Early Bronze Age amber in Slovakia. Chronology, mechanisms of exchange and acceptance of the new raw material","authors":"M. Jaeger, Dominika Oravkinová, P. Piszora, Ladislav Olexa, M. Soják","doi":"10.1515/pz-2023-2014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2023-2014","url":null,"abstract":"Zusammenfassung Dank einer langen Geschichte der Erforschung der Herkunft, der Verteilungsnetze und der Bewertung der kulturellen Bedeutung von Bernstein, nimmt die Informationsmenge über die Komplexität der Tauschnetzwerke im bronzezeitlichen Europa stetig zu. Die vorliegende Studie stellt die nächste Stufe in der Entwicklung der Forschung zu diesem Thema dar. Sie präsentiert eine Synthese des bisherigen Wissens über das Vorkommen von Bernstein in der Frühbronzezeit auf dem Gebiet der heutigen Slowakei sowie neue Erkenntnisse über die Herkunft des Rohmaterials und die absolute Chronologie der Funde von drei ausgewählten Fundstellen im östlichen Teil des Landes. Auf der Grundlage der gewonnenen Informationen werden Schlüsselfragen im Zusammenhang mit der Herkunft des Bernsteins, dem Kontext seiner Ablagerung und den chronologischen Mechanismen seiner Verbreitung im untersuchten Gebiet diskutiert. Die erzielten Ergebnisse sind ermutigend genug, um die Anfänge der Bernsteinannahme, seine weitere Wahrnehmung und Bewertung durch Tauschstrategien zu vergleichen und zu klären, wobei Bernstein eher als Nebenprodukt eines komplexeren Handelssystems bereitgestellt zu werden scheint, das sich in erster Linie auf den Metalltausch konzentriert.","PeriodicalId":44421,"journal":{"name":"Praehistorische Zeitschrift","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43899377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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