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Concept Mapping: Benefits and Challenges in Higher Education 概念映射:高等教育的利益与挑战
IF 1.2 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2020-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/07377363.2020.1712579
C. Machado, A. Carvalho
Abstract Undergraduates need to develop critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and deep understanding of concepts. Concept maps are considered an educational tool that promotes meaningful learning and that has demonstrated potential effects in the learning process. Based on studies carried out in adult/higher education, the aim of this review is to identify the effects of concept mapping activities and to discuss their benefits and challenges in pedagogical practices. Findings show that concept maps promote development of critical thinking skills, facilitate integration between theory and practice, develop meaningful learning, promote technology inclusion, promote student collaboration, can lead to better academic scores, and can be used as a tool for the learning progress and assessment. The findings also indicate challenges in integrating concept mapping in academic practices such as students having difficulties in concept and link selection, student resistance, and software difficulties. Despite the limitations, concept maps are well accepted by students.
大学生需要培养批判性思维、解决问题的能力和对概念的深刻理解。概念图被认为是一种促进有意义学习的教育工具,并且在学习过程中已经证明了潜在的影响。基于在成人/高等教育中进行的研究,本综述的目的是确定概念映射活动的效果,并讨论其在教学实践中的好处和挑战。研究结果表明,概念图促进批判性思维技能的发展,促进理论与实践的结合,发展有意义的学习,促进技术包容,促进学生合作,可以提高学习成绩,并可以作为学习进度和评估的工具。研究结果还表明,在学术实践中整合概念映射面临挑战,如学生在概念和链接选择方面存在困难,学生抵制和软件困难。尽管存在局限性,概念图还是很受学生们的欢迎。
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引用次数: 48
Adjunct Faculty Development: A Kenyan Perspective 兼职教师发展:肯尼亚的视角
IF 1.2 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2020-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/07377363.2020.1712580
L. Wanjohi
Abstract Much development has happened in the education sector in African countries. In Kenya, there has been a proliferation of institutions of higher learning. Severe cuts in government funding for public higher education have resulted in the privatization of higher education and the need for adjunct faculty as a way to cut costs. Research suggests that although there is a rise in reliance on adjunct faculty in many institutions of higher learning around the world, these faculty are not always adequately prepared for the challenges they meet in the classroom. This article explores the need for full-time as well as adjunct faculty development in institutions of higher learning in Kenya. It looks at ways in which adjunct faculty can be specifically offered professional development and how they can be integrated into the life of the institutions in which they teach. Finally, it proposes possible implications for carrying out adjunct faculty development.
非洲国家的教育部门取得了很大的发展。在肯尼亚,高等教育机构的数量激增。政府对公立高等教育的资金严重削减,导致高等教育私有化,需要兼职教师作为削减成本的一种方式。研究表明,尽管世界上许多高等教育机构对兼职教师的依赖有所增加,但这些教师并不总是为他们在课堂上遇到的挑战做好充分准备。本文探讨了肯尼亚高等教育机构对全职和兼职教师发展的需求。它着眼于如何专门为兼职教师提供专业发展,以及如何将他们融入他们所任教的机构的生活。最后,提出了开展兼职教师发展的可能启示。
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引用次数: 1
Toward the Transparency of Symbolic Violence in Developmental English at Urban-Serving Community Colleges: A Thought Experiment 面向城市的社区学院发展性英语中符号暴力的透明化:一个思想实验
IF 1.2 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2020-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/07377363.2019.1680268
S. A. Perun
Abstract Developmental English in urban-serving community colleges was considered as the site where racial and ethnic minority students who are deemed underprepared for college must learn the white, middle-class literacy conventions valued in higher education. The idea of symbolic violence—the systematic devaluation of one’s culture—was used as a theoretical framework to synthesize the available evidence of students’ learning experiences in these courses. A thought experiment suggested that making transparent the symbolic violence that students experience would likely (a) shape more effective course designs and pedagogies, (b) encourage students’ autonomous learning behaviors, and (c) dignify both the professors and students in these courses.
摘要城市服务社区大学的发展英语被认为是那些被认为对大学准备不足的种族和少数民族学生必须学习高等教育中重视的白人中产阶级识字习惯的场所。象征性暴力的概念——对一个人文化的系统性贬值——被用作一个理论框架,以综合学生在这些课程中学习经历的现有证据。一项思想实验表明,让学生经历的象征性暴力透明化可能会(A)塑造更有效的课程设计和教学法,(b)鼓励学生的自主学习行为,以及(c)在这些课程中尊重教授和学生。
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引用次数: 1
Queer Eye on Inclusion: Understanding Lesbian and Gay Student and Instructor Experiences of Continuing Education Queer Eye on Inclusion:了解男女同性恋学生和教师的继续教育经历
IF 1.2 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2019-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/07377363.2019.1660844
Robert C. Mizzi, Jared Star
Abstract Little is known about the experiences of lesbian and gay faculty and students in continuing education. In order to address this gap, this article introduces and discusses a research project conducted to understand the struggles and accomplishments of both lesbian and gay male faculty and students in continuing education (CE) in university settings. Six CE instructors and six CE students were recruited to participate in in-depth interviews from universities across western Canada. Using grounded theory for data analysis, two broad themes emerged: (a) CE in western Canada excludes lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ )content in their student and instructor orientation processes despite being placed in “progressive” institutions; and (b) safety concerns appear commonplace in such environments due to the heteronormative organizational culture of CE. Despite these drawbacks, study participants demonstrated strategies to minimize risk and find safety and support. Study findings suggest that CE review its work and learning structures to include queer-inclusive pedagogies and content.
关于男女同性恋教师和学生在继续教育中的经历,人们知之甚少。为了解决这一差距,本文介绍并讨论了一项研究项目,该项目旨在了解男女同性恋男教师和学生在大学继续教育(CE)中的挣扎和成就。我们从加拿大西部的大学招募了六名教育教师和六名教育学生参加深度访谈。使用扎根理论进行数据分析,出现了两个广泛的主题:(a)加拿大西部的CE尽管被安置在“进步”的机构中,但在学生和教师的培训过程中排除了女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋、变性人和酷儿(LGBTQ)的内容;(b)在这样的环境中,由于CE的异质规范的组织文化,安全问题显得司空见惯。尽管存在这些缺点,但研究参与者展示了将风险降到最低并找到安全和支持的策略。研究结果表明,教统会检讨其工作和学习结构,以包括包容酷儿的教学方法和内容。
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引用次数: 3
Notes and Trends 注意事项和趋势
IF 1.2 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2019-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/07377363.2019.1664807
Mary s. Bonhomme
At Stevens Institute of Technology, students had written computer programs or bots to help speed up their ability to register for classes and get an edge in course selection. For those students without the bots, they found themselves at a disadvantage in class selection. And for those with the bots, if they forgot to delete their names from the bots, other students using the bots could disenroll those students from selected classes. The university has now put additional security precautions in place to make it more difficult for students to run similar scripts. Inside Higher Ed, January 25, 2019 (https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2019/01/15/computer-program-automatically-registers-students-classes-has-unintended)
在史蒂文斯理工学院,学生们编写了计算机程序或机器人,以帮助他们加快注册课程的速度,并在选课方面取得优势。对于那些没有机器人的学生来说,他们发现自己在选课方面处于劣势。对于那些使用机器人的学生,如果他们忘记从机器人中删除自己的名字,其他使用机器人的学生可以将这些学生从选定的课程中除名。该大学现在已经采取了额外的安全预防措施,使学生更难以运行类似的脚本。Inside Higher education, 2019年1月25日(https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2019/01/15/computer-program-automatically-registers-students-classes-has-unintended)
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引用次数: 0
An Investigation of Graduate Students’ Internet Attitudes and Their Feelings of Connectedness 研究生网络态度及连接感调查
IF 1.2 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2019-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/07377363.2019.1664880
David Des Armier, D. Bolliger
Abstract This study investigated students’ Internet attitudes and feelings of connectedness in their graduate programs using a quantitative survey design approach. Two modified instruments were administered to students in graduate programs at a small, land-grant university. One hundred forty-three graduate students completed the online survey. Findings indicate participants had moderately positive Internet attitudes, but their feelings of connectedness overall were mixed. Internet attitudes did not impact connectedness; however, general Internet use impacted feelings of comfort and facilitation. Answers to open-ended questions showed that the use of a variety of tools made participants feel more connected to others. Participants shared how their attitudes about Internet use influenced their feelings of connectedness. Gender and age did not yield significant differences in responses. A significant difference between academic programs pertaining to connectedness was found. The findings are discussed in the context of the literature.
摘要本研究采用定量调查设计的方法,调查了学生在研究生课程中对互联网的态度和联系感。在一所小型的土地补助大学的研究生项目中,对学生使用了两种经过修改的仪器。143名研究生完成了这项在线调查。研究结果表明,参与者对互联网的态度适度积极,但他们的整体联系感参差不齐。互联网态度并不影响连通性;然而,普遍使用互联网会影响舒适感和便利感。对开放式问题的回答表明,使用各种工具会让参与者感觉与他人的联系更紧密。参与者分享了他们对互联网使用的态度如何影响他们的联系感。性别和年龄在回答中没有产生显著差异。研究发现,学术项目之间在连通性方面存在显著差异。这些发现是在文献的背景下讨论的。
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引用次数: 4
Using the Muses to Ease Distance Learning Transactions 利用Muses简化远程学习事务
IF 1.2 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2019-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/07377363.2019.1664805
M. Schulte
A few months ago, for my professional job at Pearson Online Learning Services, I co-conducted a training that covered online engineering program accreditation, education requirements, and licensure. Yes, it was scintillating (full sarcasm intended). While the topic was not riveting for most people, the training was necessary to assist online student support advisors who needed to reference specific information as they talked to prospective engineering students. As a necessary balm for the heavy content, the end of the training included a short section titled “How to talk to an engineer.” The purpose of this section, while peppered with some humor, was to assist the online advisors with practical tips to converse with engineers. The online advisors had experienced difficulties in conversations and e-mails with these prospective students, noting that the engineers would be curt, find a conversation about the school’s sport teams to be a waste of time (small talk), or not include socially accepted niceties such as “Have a nice day” or “I appreciate your help.” It is no secret that some people with certain technical expertise and minds struggle with what others take for granted as normal communications and interactions. There have been a number of peerreviewed published papers which address scientific individuals who struggle with casual communication and social expectations. My short piece for the advisor training, however, relied on non-published online articles and informative blog postings. After the training, I moved on to other projects. But my mind kept returning to the item on communicating with engineers. I surmised that this issue might not be confined to just engineering, but to other disciplines and professions as well. As further inspiration that this was not a unique phenomenon, I was struggling with a very artistic person who seemed incapable of staying on track with his work. All our transactions, due to geographical location, were at a distance (phone, e-mail, text pictures). Phone communications were often strained because his explanations seemed to wander, as can occur with an open and fluid worldview. Frustratingly, the person would fail to take notes and direction, yet he was working on a major construction effort! This person had some of the best design skills I had ever witnessed, enhancing already created building plans with an artistic change here and there that resulted in beauty and function. His ability to see art and use science in his work was a definite asset. However, he seemed to bounce from task to task and often would not fully complete a project, much less on time. It seemed to me that his artistic, fluid, and open predilection interfered with completing a project. In a different span of time, I also seemed to be inundated with examples of poor communication in both verbal and written form: online applications and instructions that seemed to lead nowhere in very Kafka-esque fashion; directions for a community event
几个月前,为了我在培生在线学习服务公司的专业工作,我参与了一项培训,内容包括在线工程项目认证、教育要求和许可证。是的,它闪烁着光芒(充满讽刺意味)。虽然这个话题对大多数人来说并不吸引人,但培训对于帮助在线学生支持顾问是必要的,他们在与未来的工程学生交谈时需要参考特定信息。作为对繁重内容的必要安慰,培训的最后包括一个题为“如何与工程师交谈”的简短部分。这一部分的目的虽然充满了幽默,但旨在为在线顾问提供与工程师交谈的实用技巧。在线顾问在与这些潜在学生的对话和电子邮件中遇到了困难,他们指出,工程师们会很粗鲁,认为关于学校运动队的对话是浪费时间(闲聊),或者不包括社会认可的细节,比如“祝你一天愉快”或“我感谢你的帮助”。“一些具有一定技术专长和头脑的人在与其他人认为理所当然的正常沟通和互动作斗争,这已经不是什么秘密了。已经发表了许多经过同行评审的论文,这些论文针对的是那些在随意交流和社会期望中挣扎的科学人士。然而,我关于顾问培训的短文依赖于未发表的在线文章和信息丰富的博客文章。培训结束后,我开始了其他项目。但我的思绪一直回到与工程师沟通的问题上。我推测,这个问题可能不仅限于工程,还包括其他学科和专业。这并不是一个独特的现象,这进一步激励了我,我正在与一个非常有艺术感的人作斗争,他似乎无法坚持自己的作品。由于地理位置的原因,我们所有的交易都是远距离的(电话、电子邮件、文字图片)。电话交流经常很紧张,因为他的解释似乎很随意,就像开放和流动的世界观一样。令人沮丧的是,这个人不会记笔记和指示,但他正在进行一项重大的建设工作!这个人拥有我所见过的最好的设计技能,通过艺术上的改变来增强已经创建的建筑平面图,从而产生美感和功能。他在作品中看到艺术和运用科学的能力无疑是一笔财富。然而,他似乎从一项任务跳到另一项任务,经常无法完全完成一个项目,更不用说按时完成了。在我看来,他的艺术性、流畅性和开放性的偏好干扰了一个项目的完成。在另一段时间里,我似乎也被言语和书面形式的糟糕沟通淹没了:在线应用程序和指令似乎以卡夫卡式的方式毫无进展;不包括时间和停车基本信息的社区活动指示;还有我最不喜欢的一家收费公司,它与在线计费部门建立了通信竖井,这样两个小组都无法访问其他人的信息并解决我的担忧。起初,我认为这只是我的问题,我是一个困惑或理解有限的人。但与朋友和家人的交谈让我相信
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引用次数: 0
Modulations by Nontraditional Graduate Students to Overcome Imposed Withdrawal 非传统研究生克服强制戒断的调节
IF 1.2 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2019-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/07377363.2019.1680265
David Jones
Abstract Failure to thrive among nontraditional graduate students—whether by attrition, degree noncompletion, or failure—may represent an inability to manage competing demands rather than an inability to perform academically. University personnel have considered themselves limited in the ability to support non-traditional students to overcome nonacademic barriers to persistence and degree completion. However, nontraditional graduate students possess a capacity to change in order to participate successfully in higher education, and university personnel can positively inform such changes. This study examined the experiences of nine students who overcame imposed withdrawal (i.e., dismissal or academic disqualification) and continued successfully or completed a graduate degree. An analysis of interview transcripts revealed eight change attribution themes demonstrating how nontraditional students enacted several changes to themselves or their approaches to learning and how they shared responsibility for changing in their relations to others—all as an effort to overcome failure and to succeed academically.
摘要在非传统研究生中未能茁壮成长——无论是由于自然减员、学位未完成还是失败——可能代表着无法管理相互竞争的需求,而不是学术表现不佳。大学工作人员认为自己在支持非传统学生克服非学术障碍以坚持和完成学位方面的能力有限。然而,非传统研究生拥有改变的能力,以便成功地参与高等教育,大学工作人员可以积极地告知这些变化。这项研究调查了九名学生的经历,他们克服了强制退学(即被解雇或学业取消资格),继续成功或完成了研究生学位。对面试记录的分析揭示了八个变化归因主题,展示了非传统学生如何对自己或学习方法进行几次改变,以及他们如何分担改变与他人关系的责任——所有这些都是为了克服失败并在学业上取得成功。
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引用次数: 3
Advanced Placement for Adults: Using PLA to Complement a Relevant, Rigorous, and Research-Based Adult Degree Completion Program 成人高等教育:使用PLA来补充相关的、严格的、基于研究的成人学位完成计划
IF 1.2 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2019-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/07377363.2019.1663100
Matt Bergman
Universities across the United States are grappling with both funding and enrollment pressures and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future. Decreasing state funding coupled with lower bir...
美国各地的大学都在努力应对资金和招生压力,并将在可预见的未来继续这样做。国家资金减少,再加上比尔。。。
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引用次数: 3
Need Tech? Nontraditional Student Perceptions of Educational Technology Tools 需要技术吗?非传统学生对教育技术工具的看法
IF 1.2 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2019-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/07377363.2019.1680266
Catherine A. Cherrstrom, S. Robbins, Carrie J. Boden, Jonathan C. Bixby
Abstract Improved educational technology provides new opportunities and tools for enhanced teaching and learning. However, low efficacy with technology adversely affects nontraditional students’ course and college outcomes. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine nontraditional student perceptions of educational technology tools. We thematically coded 10 discussion forums and 239 analyses of 125 student-selected tools. This article highlights traditional student voices and presents a list of tools organized by purpose, the template used by students to analyze tools, and student perceptions of tools. Discussed major themes comprise a wide breadth of tools and purposes, differing experiences in applying theory to practice, and tools supporting learning and interaction in multiple domains.
改进的教育技术为加强教与学提供了新的机会和工具。然而,低技术效能对非传统学生的课程和大学成绩有不利影响。本质性研究的目的是检验非传统学生对教育技术工具的看法。我们对10个论坛进行了主题编码,并对125个学生选择的工具进行了239次分析。这篇文章强调了传统的学生的声音,并呈现了一个按目的组织的工具列表,学生用来分析工具的模板,以及学生对工具的看法。讨论的主要主题包括广泛的工具和目的,将理论应用于实践的不同经验,以及支持多领域学习和互动的工具。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Journal of Continuing Higher Education
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