Pub Date : 2022-03-25DOI: 10.1177/2046147X221081174
Natalie Brown-Devlin
During Summer 2020, the murder of George Floyd sparked worldwide protests for racial justice, as collective voices insisted that organizations express a commitment to racial equity. Following a disappointing response from the National Football League (NFL), NFL social media employees and prominent athletes released a video on their own demanding organizational action and a statement from NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell. Utilizing stakeholder theory and literature on employee voicing, this manuscript analyzes this collective voicing from NFL internal stakeholders, arguing that social media has prompted an initial, small movement toward increased democratization in sport, as athletes have realized the power afforded to them by their vast, social networks to activate the external stakeholders who follow them (i.e., fans) and sway organizational decision-making. Implications for public relations practitioners and crisis communication scholarship are proffered.
{"title":"Examining the role of social media, employee voice, and the National Football League’s organizational response to NFL athlete racial justice protests","authors":"Natalie Brown-Devlin","doi":"10.1177/2046147X221081174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2046147X221081174","url":null,"abstract":"During Summer 2020, the murder of George Floyd sparked worldwide protests for racial justice, as collective voices insisted that organizations express a commitment to racial equity. Following a disappointing response from the National Football League (NFL), NFL social media employees and prominent athletes released a video on their own demanding organizational action and a statement from NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell. Utilizing stakeholder theory and literature on employee voicing, this manuscript analyzes this collective voicing from NFL internal stakeholders, arguing that social media has prompted an initial, small movement toward increased democratization in sport, as athletes have realized the power afforded to them by their vast, social networks to activate the external stakeholders who follow them (i.e., fans) and sway organizational decision-making. Implications for public relations practitioners and crisis communication scholarship are proffered.","PeriodicalId":44609,"journal":{"name":"Public Relations Inquiry","volume":"12 1","pages":"71 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48160196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-25DOI: 10.1177/2046147X221081178
Alejandro Álvarez-Nobell, J. Molleda, Andréia Athaydes
Although Latin America has a long history of well-established academic development and public relations professionals, multiple North American and European conceptualizations and trends still prevail in theoretical debates and professional practices. Nevertheless, a series of international studies sponsored by the EUPRERA and a broad network of researchers, universities, and local professional associations has become a fundamental precedent to consolidate the profession in the region and make it visible worldwide. In this respect, the results are presented below that show the strategic themes and main professional trends in public relations, grouped as follows: (a) trends in public relations management: strategic themes, the impact of fake news, information for decision-making, and the professionalization of public relations in the third sector and (b) the professional development and organization of the activity: excellent communication departments, gender, workplace climate and stress, job satisfaction, and work engagement. Such categorization, in addition to portraying the issues addressed in the third edition of the Latin American Communication Monitor (LCM), allows an analysis of the status quo of the non-continent profession, as it demonstrates the perception of the category on itself. Therefore, it allows reflection on melhorias, especially, in terms of professional training and institutionalization of professional training in Latin America. A sample of 1165 active professionals, who work in communication departments of companies, consultancies, non-profit organizations, and government agencies, from 19 Latin American countries was analyzed. The impact of the results and of conducting studies like this one are extremely important for the development of the profession, its compared analysis with the state of affairs in other regions, and an explanatory self-understanding of the path traveled and that to come. Scientifically determining the levels of perception and their representativeness in Latin America amounts to a sign of maturity and evolution of the profession and the study thereof.
{"title":"Strategic topics and main professional trends in public relations: Results from 19 Latin American countries","authors":"Alejandro Álvarez-Nobell, J. Molleda, Andréia Athaydes","doi":"10.1177/2046147X221081178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2046147X221081178","url":null,"abstract":"Although Latin America has a long history of well-established academic development and public relations professionals, multiple North American and European conceptualizations and trends still prevail in theoretical debates and professional practices. Nevertheless, a series of international studies sponsored by the EUPRERA and a broad network of researchers, universities, and local professional associations has become a fundamental precedent to consolidate the profession in the region and make it visible worldwide. In this respect, the results are presented below that show the strategic themes and main professional trends in public relations, grouped as follows: (a) trends in public relations management: strategic themes, the impact of fake news, information for decision-making, and the professionalization of public relations in the third sector and (b) the professional development and organization of the activity: excellent communication departments, gender, workplace climate and stress, job satisfaction, and work engagement. Such categorization, in addition to portraying the issues addressed in the third edition of the Latin American Communication Monitor (LCM), allows an analysis of the status quo of the non-continent profession, as it demonstrates the perception of the category on itself. Therefore, it allows reflection on melhorias, especially, in terms of professional training and institutionalization of professional training in Latin America. A sample of 1165 active professionals, who work in communication departments of companies, consultancies, non-profit organizations, and government agencies, from 19 Latin American countries was analyzed. The impact of the results and of conducting studies like this one are extremely important for the development of the profession, its compared analysis with the state of affairs in other regions, and an explanatory self-understanding of the path traveled and that to come. Scientifically determining the levels of perception and their representativeness in Latin America amounts to a sign of maturity and evolution of the profession and the study thereof.","PeriodicalId":44609,"journal":{"name":"Public Relations Inquiry","volume":"11 1","pages":"171 - 197"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47227906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-25DOI: 10.1177/2046147X221081179
Pablo Miño, Lucinda L. Austin
This case study examines Marca Chile’s nation branding campaign “Chile Que te Quiero” (Chile, I Really Love You). The campaign, that ran between 2016 and 2018, aimed to facilitate dialogue among Chileans around their shared national symbols, traditions, and cultural artifacts to cocreate meaning around their nation brand. In this article, we propose that professionals working in nation branding campaigns should act as facilitators of dialogue among different publics within a country to find points of convergence and divergence around what constitutes the identity of their nation. The key role of dialogue and cocreation of meaning within public relations scholarship is explored.
{"title":"A cocreational approach to nation branding: The case of Chile","authors":"Pablo Miño, Lucinda L. Austin","doi":"10.1177/2046147X221081179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2046147X221081179","url":null,"abstract":"This case study examines Marca Chile’s nation branding campaign “Chile Que te Quiero” (Chile, I Really Love You). The campaign, that ran between 2016 and 2018, aimed to facilitate dialogue among Chileans around their shared national symbols, traditions, and cultural artifacts to cocreate meaning around their nation brand. In this article, we propose that professionals working in nation branding campaigns should act as facilitators of dialogue among different publics within a country to find points of convergence and divergence around what constitutes the identity of their nation. The key role of dialogue and cocreation of meaning within public relations scholarship is explored.","PeriodicalId":44609,"journal":{"name":"Public Relations Inquiry","volume":"11 1","pages":"293 - 313"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41381998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-24DOI: 10.1177/2046147X221081171
Ana María Durán, M. Vega, Caroline Ávila, P. Matus, Jaime Alberto Orozco-Toro
The present study examines the relationship between public relations management and sustainability in large companies in Ecuador, Colombia, and Chile through an analysis of the results of an online survey of 96 in-house executives who were asked about five key management variables at their companies. The authors propose indicators that enable the measurement of the convergence between these two areas of management based on the premise that the desired sustainability among the organizations is not possible if there is no public relations management that encourages communication with publics, and paves the way for this to occur. The results reflect that, on average, organizations in the three countries show an orientation towards the common good, which is the most evolved scenario in the model. Key aspects subject to improvement are also identified so that public relations efforts can support sustainability processes based on the individual reality of each company.
{"title":"Quantitative analysis of the convergence between public relations and sustainability: Application in Ecuadorian, Colombian, and Chilean businesses","authors":"Ana María Durán, M. Vega, Caroline Ávila, P. Matus, Jaime Alberto Orozco-Toro","doi":"10.1177/2046147X221081171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2046147X221081171","url":null,"abstract":"The present study examines the relationship between public relations management and sustainability in large companies in Ecuador, Colombia, and Chile through an analysis of the results of an online survey of 96 in-house executives who were asked about five key management variables at their companies. The authors propose indicators that enable the measurement of the convergence between these two areas of management based on the premise that the desired sustainability among the organizations is not possible if there is no public relations management that encourages communication with publics, and paves the way for this to occur. The results reflect that, on average, organizations in the three countries show an orientation towards the common good, which is the most evolved scenario in the model. Key aspects subject to improvement are also identified so that public relations efforts can support sustainability processes based on the individual reality of each company.","PeriodicalId":44609,"journal":{"name":"Public Relations Inquiry","volume":"11 1","pages":"241 - 256"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48285798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-22DOI: 10.1177/2046147X221081172
Claudia Labarca, Constanza Mujica
This conceptual paper contends, considering the Latin American context, that public relations as a discipline and practice needs to address the relevance of trust in understanding of and theorizing on public relations practice. Furthermore, it hopes to critically address the current gap within the academic literature by placing generalized and institutional trust as key contextual variables in the study of public relations phenomena, and a factor to consider when analysing stakeholder perceptions and needs.
{"title":"Trust as a contextual variable for public relations: Reflections from Latin America","authors":"Claudia Labarca, Constanza Mujica","doi":"10.1177/2046147X221081172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2046147X221081172","url":null,"abstract":"This conceptual paper contends, considering the Latin American context, that public relations as a discipline and practice needs to address the relevance of trust in understanding of and theorizing on public relations practice. Furthermore, it hopes to critically address the current gap within the academic literature by placing generalized and institutional trust as key contextual variables in the study of public relations phenomena, and a factor to consider when analysing stakeholder perceptions and needs.","PeriodicalId":44609,"journal":{"name":"Public Relations Inquiry","volume":"11 1","pages":"315 - 330"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45870349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-18DOI: 10.1177/2046147X221081177
G. Sadi, Mari Ferrari
The purpose of this study is to verify the utilisation of the existing public relations general approaches and theories at a global scale in the public relations undergraduate programmes of the five leading Argentinian universities. A qualitative approach with an exploratory scope that employs data collection techniques such as the qualitative content analysis of academic documents, semi-structured in-depth interviews and structured surveys for ascertaining theoretical loading are used. Results reveal that public relations undergraduate programmes in Argentina present a markedly professional character and prefer theoretical frameworks linked to the functionalist tradition.
{"title":"Disciplinary approaches and theories in Argentinian public relations undergraduate programmes","authors":"G. Sadi, Mari Ferrari","doi":"10.1177/2046147X221081177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2046147X221081177","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to verify the utilisation of the existing public relations general approaches and theories at a global scale in the public relations undergraduate programmes of the five leading Argentinian universities. A qualitative approach with an exploratory scope that employs data collection techniques such as the qualitative content analysis of academic documents, semi-structured in-depth interviews and structured surveys for ascertaining theoretical loading are used. Results reveal that public relations undergraduate programmes in Argentina present a markedly professional character and prefer theoretical frameworks linked to the functionalist tradition.","PeriodicalId":44609,"journal":{"name":"Public Relations Inquiry","volume":"11 1","pages":"275 - 291"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49280238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-17DOI: 10.1177/2046147X221081175
Ana-María Suárez-Monsalve
This paper reviews the historical background of public relations and its development in Latin America in order to understand the evolution and current state of this profession. The questions are how has the academic study of public relations evolved, and what is the current state of the modern public relations profession in Latin America? The following is an explanation of how the academic development of the public relations profession has taken place. For this purpose, a literature review is conducted and empirical data from the longitudinal study published every two years by the Latin American Communication Monitor (LCM) are analyzed. In this way, we identify historical turning points in public relations education Latin America, key issues for practitioners in the region according to LCM data.
{"title":"Evolution of the public relations profession in Latin America: A brief review of the development of public relations in Latin American countries","authors":"Ana-María Suárez-Monsalve","doi":"10.1177/2046147X221081175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2046147X221081175","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews the historical background of public relations and its development in Latin America in order to understand the evolution and current state of this profession. The questions are how has the academic study of public relations evolved, and what is the current state of the modern public relations profession in Latin America? The following is an explanation of how the academic development of the public relations profession has taken place. For this purpose, a literature review is conducted and empirical data from the longitudinal study published every two years by the Latin American Communication Monitor (LCM) are analyzed. In this way, we identify historical turning points in public relations education Latin America, key issues for practitioners in the region according to LCM data.","PeriodicalId":44609,"journal":{"name":"Public Relations Inquiry","volume":"11 1","pages":"257 - 274"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41730323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-05DOI: 10.1177/2046147X221082232
Claudia Labarca, G. Sadi
{"title":"Some reflections left over from the work of editing a special issue on public relations in Latin America","authors":"Claudia Labarca, G. Sadi","doi":"10.1177/2046147X221082232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2046147X221082232","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44609,"journal":{"name":"Public Relations Inquiry","volume":"11 1","pages":"167 - 170"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44206179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-27DOI: 10.1177/2046147X211071032
Soumitro Sen
In mainstream public relations, the word “activist” has a negative connotation of one who disrupts an organization’s financial well-being. This is because mainstream public relations takes a modernist stance that valorizes the organization’s interests above all else. Postmodern scholars such as Holtzhausen (2012), however, urge public relations practitioners themselves to take an activist stance when confronted with organizational malpractices. Holtzhausen (2012) especially points out new media as tools with which the discursive space between stakeholders and organizations can be democratized. This study will explore the barriers to and the consequences of such activism as faced by public relations practitioners who resisted their employers over malpractices. We will also examine what form their activism took and how these public relations practitioner-activists leveraged the power of new media in their organizational activism.
{"title":"Organizational activism undertaken and its ramifications faced by public relations practitioners, examined through the lens of postmodernism","authors":"Soumitro Sen","doi":"10.1177/2046147X211071032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2046147X211071032","url":null,"abstract":"In mainstream public relations, the word “activist” has a negative connotation of one who disrupts an organization’s financial well-being. This is because mainstream public relations takes a modernist stance that valorizes the organization’s interests above all else. Postmodern scholars such as Holtzhausen (2012), however, urge public relations practitioners themselves to take an activist stance when confronted with organizational malpractices. Holtzhausen (2012) especially points out new media as tools with which the discursive space between stakeholders and organizations can be democratized. This study will explore the barriers to and the consequences of such activism as faced by public relations practitioners who resisted their employers over malpractices. We will also examine what form their activism took and how these public relations practitioner-activists leveraged the power of new media in their organizational activism.","PeriodicalId":44609,"journal":{"name":"Public Relations Inquiry","volume":"12 1","pages":"3 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49617985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-19DOI: 10.1177/2046147X211053885
Sarah A Okour
Political, social and demographic change has resulted in a search for new techniques for building public trust and reconciling relationships between the Muslim community and others in society. In this study, extremism and social cohesion have been chosen as potential new aims for the PR industry. This study assesses whether political PR can be diverted from its role in spin doctoring towards new cultural and social functions. My argument is that political PR can be used as a tool for social integration with particular reference to the Muslim community in the UK. This research distinguishes between two issues. The first connects with political PR within a political communication background, which relates to politicians, election campaigns, news management and their relationship with the media. The second issue is that political PR can be reconsidered from a corporate perspective, one that endorses the use of PR in challenging political environments. My study places emphasis on the second issue. A sample of seven UK PR academics, therefore, evaluated the current communication policies for their effectiveness, explained how political PR could help and gave their recommendations. Seven NGOs in Britain also described their work, the problems they encountered and their concerns. A lack of social integration and the rise of extremism were explained in terms of stereotyping, marginalisation and counterproductive techniques. The results suggest that a change in political PR is possible and should be encouraged to intervene in countering radicalization and enhancing social cohesion. They also show a lack of PR support for NGOs. The findings broadly move the field of inclusivity forward by working on a bottom-up approach instead of a top-down model of communication. The best answer for sustaining long-term community relationships was improved communication and engagement, inclusive messages and campaigns, and the Muslim community remaining open to others in society.
{"title":"Rethinking political PR: A theoretical framework towards supporting social integration in the UK","authors":"Sarah A Okour","doi":"10.1177/2046147X211053885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2046147X211053885","url":null,"abstract":"Political, social and demographic change has resulted in a search for new techniques for building public trust and reconciling relationships between the Muslim community and others in society. In this study, extremism and social cohesion have been chosen as potential new aims for the PR industry. This study assesses whether political PR can be diverted from its role in spin doctoring towards new cultural and social functions. My argument is that political PR can be used as a tool for social integration with particular reference to the Muslim community in the UK. This research distinguishes between two issues. The first connects with political PR within a political communication background, which relates to politicians, election campaigns, news management and their relationship with the media. The second issue is that political PR can be reconsidered from a corporate perspective, one that endorses the use of PR in challenging political environments. My study places emphasis on the second issue. A sample of seven UK PR academics, therefore, evaluated the current communication policies for their effectiveness, explained how political PR could help and gave their recommendations. Seven NGOs in Britain also described their work, the problems they encountered and their concerns. A lack of social integration and the rise of extremism were explained in terms of stereotyping, marginalisation and counterproductive techniques. The results suggest that a change in political PR is possible and should be encouraged to intervene in countering radicalization and enhancing social cohesion. They also show a lack of PR support for NGOs. The findings broadly move the field of inclusivity forward by working on a bottom-up approach instead of a top-down model of communication. The best answer for sustaining long-term community relationships was improved communication and engagement, inclusive messages and campaigns, and the Muslim community remaining open to others in society.","PeriodicalId":44609,"journal":{"name":"Public Relations Inquiry","volume":"11 1","pages":"461 - 492"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43963364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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