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“Recovery warriors”: The National Eating Disorders Association’s online community and rhetorical vision “康复勇士”:国家饮食失调协会的在线社区和修辞愿景
IF 1.8 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-05-12 DOI: 10.1177/2046147X211014083
Sarah A. Aghazadeh
Mental health advocacy organizations play an important role in mitigating stigma and questioning the social norms that can create negative health outcomes. This essay explores how a U.S. advocacy organization attempted to facilitate shared meaning about a stigmatized health issue with its online community via rhetorical vision, or narrative that connects people in shared reality. Through the lens of symbolic convergence theory (SCT), a fantasy theme analysis of the National Eating Disorders Association’s (NEDA) social media messages and comments uncovered a recovery warrior metaphor that framed eating disorder recovery as a heroic journey. The analysis describes potential reasons why NEDA would attempt to foster a rhetorical vision informed by a warrior narrative, how it used warriors as a cue to facilitate vision, and the tensions within the community that expose the evolution and limitations of recovery warriors to constitute a rhetorical vision and community. Theoretical implications are offered at the intersections of public relations and SCT. These implications provide a roadmap for advocacy organizations attempting to build symbolic community and shared narratives online in the context of stigmatized health conditions while also interrogating organizational power to shape rhetorical visions.
精神卫生宣传组织在减轻耻辱感和质疑可能产生负面健康结果的社会规范方面发挥着重要作用。这篇文章探讨了一个美国倡导组织如何试图通过修辞的愿景或叙述将人们联系在共同的现实中,促进其在线社区对一个被污名化的健康问题的共享意义。通过符号趋同理论(SCT)的视角,对美国国家饮食失调协会(NEDA)的社交媒体信息和评论进行了幻想主题分析,揭示了一个康复勇士的隐喻,将饮食失调的康复描绘成一场英雄般的旅程。分析描述了为什么NEDA会试图培养一种由战士叙事告知的修辞愿景的潜在原因,它如何使用战士作为促进愿景的线索,以及社区内部的紧张局势,这些紧张局势暴露了恢复战士的进化和局限性,以构成一种修辞愿景和社区。在公共关系和科学技术的交叉点上提供了理论启示。这些影响为倡导组织提供了路线图,这些组织试图在污名化的健康状况背景下建立象征性社区和在线共享叙述,同时也质疑组织力量塑造修辞愿景。
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引用次数: 1
Silencing the virus? Government communication and MMR vaccination campaigns – the Australian case 让病毒沉默?政府沟通和MMR疫苗接种活动——澳大利亚案例
IF 1.8 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-05-12 DOI: 10.1177/2046147X211014078
Roumen Dimitrov
In this paper I analyse a series of Australian MMR (measles-mumpsrubella) vaccination campaigns and policies from the last decade. Using the Bruno Latour’s Actor Network Theory (ATN), I locate human and non-human mediators – including the virus and vaccine – in the complex pro-vaccination alliance led by government campaigners. I identify the vaccine hesitant parents – a large group that ‘sits on the fence’ between the ‘vaccine confident’ and ‘vaccine refusing’ parents – as the main target of pro-vaccination campaigns. PR literature on pro-vaccination campaigns has applied ATN to the independence of the media as network agents. This paper contributes with the problematisation of several more actors such as the health workers, medical experts and the vaccine hesitant parents themselves. Even when they are keen members of a pro-vaccination network, they cannot be taken for granted. This is where understanding of stigma, silence and voice helps. To align their group interests and discourses, government should know how to communicate strategically – including how to communicate indirectly, avoiding stigma and keeping certain internal affinities and communicative distances intact. In conclusion, I make suggestions about strategic communication in pro-vaccination campaigns. Communication of statistical risks and side effects should be central. It is a winning strategy because it establishes a more credible balance between individual rights and collective obligations in achieving herd immunity. And mandating vaccination cannot replace communication. Research shows that legislating compulsory vaccination may have short-term and relatively small effects. They are almost negligible in the long run. Mandate may trigger compliance, but it also causes anger and mistrust. Mandating vaccine has negative side effects. It punishes with economic and cultural sanctions the socially disadvantaged, who are not active refusers. It also has the opposite effect on vaccine hesitant parents. It does not weaken but rather strengthens their resistance to the vaccine and pushes them to the lager of antivaxxers.
在本文中,我分析了过去十年来澳大利亚的一系列MMR(麻疹-腮腺炎-风疹)疫苗接种活动和政策。利用布鲁诺·拉图尔的行动者网络理论(ATN),我在政府活动家领导的复杂的支持疫苗接种联盟中找到了人类和非人类的媒介,包括病毒和疫苗。我认为,对疫苗犹豫不决的父母是支持疫苗接种运动的主要目标,他们是“对疫苗充满信心”和“拒绝接种疫苗”的父母之间的一大群人。关于支持疫苗接种运动的公关文献将ATN应用于媒体作为网络代理人的独立性。这篇论文有助于解决更多参与者的问题,如卫生工作者、医学专家和对疫苗犹豫不决的父母自己。即使他们是支持疫苗接种网络的热心成员,他们也不能被视为理所当然。这就是理解污名、沉默和声音有帮助的地方。为了使他们的群体利益和话语保持一致,政府应该知道如何进行战略性沟通——包括如何间接沟通,避免污名化,保持某些内部亲和力和沟通距离不变。最后,我就支持疫苗接种运动中的战略沟通提出建议。统计风险和副作用的沟通应该是核心。这是一种成功的策略,因为它在实现群体免疫的过程中,在个人权利和集体义务之间建立了更可信的平衡。强制接种疫苗不能取代沟通。研究表明,立法强制接种疫苗可能会产生短期且相对较小的影响。从长远来看,它们几乎可以忽略不计。授权可能会引发遵守,但也会引发愤怒和不信任。强制接种疫苗有负面副作用。它以经济和文化制裁的方式惩罚社会弱势群体,他们不是积极的庇护者。它对犹豫接种疫苗的父母也有相反的影响。它并没有削弱,反而增强了他们对疫苗的抵抗力,并将他们推向更大的抗疫苗人群。
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引用次数: 2
Book review: Gareth Thompson, Post-Truth Public Relations: Communication in an Era of Digital Disinformation Jim Macnamara, Beyond Post-Communication: Challenging Disinformation, Deception and Manipulation 书评:Gareth Thompson,《后真相公共关系:数字虚假信息时代的传播》Jim Macnamara,《超越后传播:挑战虚假信息、欺骗和操纵》
IF 1.8 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-05-10 DOI: 10.1177/2046147X211014969
Kristin Demetrious
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引用次数: 3
‘Unmentionable’ condoms vs. ‘glamorous’ pills: How the London Rubber Company tackled an image problem in 1960s Britain “难以启齿”的避孕套与“迷人”的药丸:伦敦橡胶公司如何解决20世纪60年代英国的形象问题
IF 1.8 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-05-05 DOI: 10.1177/2046147X211014085
Jessica Borge
This article responds to a special call for papers on the subject of ‘Taboos in Health Communication: Stigma, Silence and Voice’ and presents the historic case study of the London Rubber Company, manufacturers of Durex condoms, who used PR techniques to undermine confidence in the oral contraceptive pill over 1961–1965. It is argued that continuities between the public discussion of birth control products between the 1960s and today can help practitioners to better understand the nature and uses of ‘fake news’, secrecy and transparency and the productive possibilities of rumour. It is written from the perspective of an empirical research historian with an interest in historical cases of PR relating to contraception, using a qualitative, chronological approach based on original archival research.
这篇文章回应了一个关于“健康传播中的禁忌:耻辱、沉默和声音”主题的论文的特别呼吁,并介绍了杜蕾斯避孕套制造商伦敦橡胶公司的历史案例研究,该公司在1961-1965年间使用公关技术破坏了人们对口服避孕药的信心。有人认为,从20世纪60年代到今天,公众对节育产品的持续讨论可以帮助从业者更好地了解“假新闻”的性质和用途、保密性和透明度以及谣言产生的可能性。它是从一位对避孕相关公共关系历史案例感兴趣的实证研究历史学家的角度撰写的,采用了基于原始档案研究的定性、按时间顺序的方法。
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引用次数: 1
Èèwọ̀ : Cultural issues mediating the coverage of maternal and child healthcare experiences in the Nigerian press ÉèwọÉ:文化问题调解尼日利亚媒体对妇幼保健经历的报道
IF 1.8 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-05-05 DOI: 10.1177/2046147X211014072
R. Adeniran, Ganiyat Tijani-Adenle, L. Oso
Although the Nigerian government appears committed to improving maternal and child healthcare (MCH), studies consistently show high maternal and child mortality in the country. Studies have also shown that a lack of awareness about symptoms and their severity prevents women from seeking medical attention until complications arise. The media can help address these issues by enlightening and empowering the public with relevant information. Unfortunately, even when published, critical information (about MCH) are usually buried in statistics and within ‘authority interviews’ which may not attract the attention of the target audience or provide them with the relevant information they need to protect the lives of women and children during pregnancy and childbirth. This study presents results from a content analysis of MCH-related contents in four national newspapers for a 12-month period and also interviews with ten health editors about the coverage of MCH-related issues in the Nigerian press. Major findings are that health journalists use statistics and stakeholder interviews mainly in producing health contents in the press because cultural ideologies around secrecy/silence about MCH experiences, the fatalistic acceptance of unfavourable outcomes as destiny, as well as patriarchy, have consistently discouraged women (and men) from sharing their MCH experiences in the media. The study recommends that the media should avoid the sensationalisation of MCH experiences to encourage more people to share their stories. This is because including the positive and challenging experiences of individuals in MCH-related contents in the media provides the human-interest angle that can increase readership of health contents, thus empowering citizens with the information they need to get adequate care and also seek redress when such care is denied.
尽管尼日利亚政府似乎致力于改善妇幼保健(MCH),但研究一致表明,该国的孕产妇和儿童死亡率很高。研究还表明,由于对症状及其严重程度缺乏认识,妇女在出现并发症之前无法就医。通过向公众提供相关信息,媒体可以帮助解决这些问题。不幸的是,即使发表了(关于妇幼保健的)关键信息,通常也隐藏在统计数据和“权威访谈”中,这可能不会吸引目标受众的注意,也不会向他们提供保护怀孕和分娩期间妇女和儿童生命所需的相关信息。本研究提出了对四家全国性报纸12个月期间与妇幼保健有关的内容进行内容分析的结果,并就尼日利亚新闻界与妇幼保健有关的问题的报道采访了10位卫生编辑。主要发现是,卫生记者使用统计数据和利益相关者访谈主要是为了在新闻中制作健康内容,因为围绕妇幼保健经验保密/沉默的文化意识形态、将不利结果视为命运的宿命论接受以及父权制一直阻碍妇女(和男子)在媒体上分享其妇幼保健经验。该研究建议媒体应避免耸人听闻的MCH经历,以鼓励更多的人分享他们的故事。这是因为,将个人的积极和具有挑战性的经历纳入媒体中与妇幼保健有关的内容,提供了人性化的角度,可以增加健康内容的读者,从而使公民能够获得所需的信息,以便获得适当的护理,并在得不到这种护理时寻求补救。
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引用次数: 0
Expanding the discussion on internal management of risk communication: A critique of the current risk communication literature 扩大对风险沟通内部管理的讨论:对当前风险沟通文献的批判
IF 1.8 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-05-05 DOI: 10.1177/2046147X211014086
Laura L. Lemon, Matthew S. VanDyke
The purpose of this paper is to build from the infrastructural approach to risk communication, rethink the internal management of risk communication, and critique the current literature’s discussion of how risks emerge, the role of the risk communication manager, and the decentralization of the risk communication function. Some of the risk communication literature is too general in terms of recognizing the nuance of the locus of risk, and the role(s) of stakeholders and communicators, which limit understanding that could extend and enrich current risk communication literature. In doing so, the conceptualization of where risk may occur broadens and research-based recommendations are developed from varied contexts to offer specific guidelines for future research to better understand the role of “internal” in risk communication and its practice. All of these points are not to diminish previous risk communication scholarship, but rather to refine and complement the current understanding so the management and communication of risk continues to enhance society as a whole.
本文的目的是从风险沟通的基础设施方法出发,重新思考风险沟通的内部管理,并批评当前文献中关于风险如何出现、风险沟通管理者的作用以及风险沟通职能的分散化的讨论。一些风险沟通文献在认识风险来源的细微差别以及利益相关者和沟通者的作用方面过于笼统,这限制了对现有风险沟通文献的理解,从而扩展和丰富了现有的风险沟通文献。在这样做的过程中,风险可能发生的地方的概念得到了扩展,并从不同的背景中制定了基于研究的建议,为未来的研究提供了具体的指导方针,以更好地理解“内部”在风险沟通及其实践中的作用。所有这些观点都不是为了削弱以前的风险沟通学术,而是为了完善和补充目前的理解,从而使风险的管理和沟通继续增强整个社会。
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引用次数: 2
When public relations can heal: An embodied theory of silence for public communication 公共关系何时可以愈合:公共传播沉默的具体理论
IF 1.8 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-05-05 DOI: 10.1177/2046147X211014095
Cristina Archetti
This article extends the conceptualization of silence in public relations beyond strategic communication. It develops a new theoretical framework to explain the mechanisms through which suffering and pain felt inside the body translate into silence, exclusion from public debate, and communication gaps in health communication. This happens through intermediate steps that involve, among others, the role of the media in the narrative construction of the body and the self. This framework advances an understanding of public relations oriented towards civil society and is based on the empirical case study of involuntary childlessness (i.e. not having children not by choice): even in the age of ubiquitous communication, despite affecting about 25% of the adult population of virtually all developed countries, this issue is shrouded in taboo and seldom heard of. The analysis makes the case for a more material, indeed embodied, approach to conceptualizing silence in public relations.
本文将公共关系中沉默的概念扩展到战略沟通之外。它开发了一个新的理论框架来解释身体内部感受到的痛苦和痛苦转化为沉默、被排除在公共辩论之外以及健康沟通中的沟通差距的机制。这是通过中间步骤发生的,其中包括媒体在身体和自我叙事构建中的作用。该框架促进了对面向民间社会的公共关系的理解,并基于非自愿无子女(即非自愿不生孩子)的实证案例研究:即使在普遍传播的时代,尽管影响到几乎所有发达国家约25%的成年人口,但这一问题也被禁忌所笼罩,很少被人听到。该分析为公共关系中沉默的概念化提供了一种更具实质性、更具体现性的方法。
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引用次数: 1
Editorial 编辑
IF 1.8 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-05-01 DOI: 10.1177/2046147X211018002
N. Almiron
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引用次数: 0
Including the animal standpoint in critical public relations research 将动物观点纳入批判性公共关系研究
IF 1.8 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-05-01 DOI: 10.1177/2046147X211005368
N. Almiron, Laura Fernández
In this paper we argue that adopting critical animal studies perspectives in critical public relations can not only be very fruitful, but that it is also a necessity if the aims of the latter are to be achieved. To this end, this text introduces the challenges and opportunities that the field of critical animal studies brings to critical public relations studies. First, a short explanation of what critical animal studies is and why it can contribute to critical public relations studies is provided. Then the main fields of research where this contribution can be most relevant are discussed, including ethics, discourse studies and political economy. The final aim of this theoretical paper is to expand research within the field of critical public relations by including a critical animal studies approach. Eventually, the authors suggest that embracing the animal standpoint in critical public relations is an essential step to furthering the study of power, hegemony, ideology, propaganda or social change and to accomplishing the emancipatory role of research.
在本文中,我们认为在批判性公共关系中采用批判性动物研究的视角不仅会非常富有成效,而且如果要实现后者的目标,这也是必要的。为此,本文介绍了批判性动物研究领域给批判性公共关系研究带来的挑战和机遇。首先,简要解释了什么是批判性动物研究,以及为什么它能为批判性公共关系研究做出贡献。然后讨论了这一贡献最相关的主要研究领域,包括伦理学、话语研究和政治经济学。这篇理论论文的最终目的是通过纳入批判性动物研究方法来扩大批判性公共关系领域的研究。最后,作者认为,在批判性公共关系中接受动物立场是进一步研究权力、霸权、意识形态、宣传或社会变革以及实现研究解放作用的重要一步。
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引用次数: 0
“We’re not treated equally as Indigenous people or as women”: The perspectives and experiences of Indigenous women in Australian public relations “我们没有被平等对待”:澳大利亚公共关系中土著妇女的观点和经历
IF 1.8 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-04-22 DOI: 10.1177/2046147X211005358
Treena Clark, Shannan Dodson, Nancia Guivarra, Yatu Widders Hunt
This paper argues that the public relations sphere needs to have better understanding and more representation and acknowledgment of Indigenous women’s contemporary experiences and contributions. Indigenous Australian women experience multiple oppressions, such as Eurocentric and patriarchal control and, within the broader areas of Indigenous, women’s, and feminist public relations scholarship, their voices are largely absent. To address these issues, this paper, based on Indigenous women’s standpoint theory and an Indigenous yarning method, presents the narratives of five Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women employed in public relations. These narratives reflect experiences of marginalization by the Australian mainstream culture of whiteness and patriarchy; they also suggest the incidence of work induced mental distress for the women participants. This study of female Indigeneity within public relations aims to promote understanding of intersectional identities, the long-term effects of whiteness and racism, and may suggest how public relations can play a role in decolonizing efforts.
本文认为,公共关系领域需要更好地理解、更多地代表和承认土著妇女的当代经历和贡献。澳大利亚土著妇女经历了多重压迫,如以欧洲为中心和父权制的控制,在土著、妇女和女权主义公共关系学术的更广泛领域,她们的声音基本上没有。为了解决这些问题,本文基于土著妇女的立场理论和土著庭院法,介绍了五名从事公共关系的土著和托雷斯海峡岛民妇女的故事。这些叙述反映了被澳大利亚白人和父权制主流文化边缘化的经历;他们还提出了女性参与者因工作而产生的精神痛苦的发生率。这项关于公共关系中女性愤怒的研究旨在促进对交叉身份、白人和种族主义的长期影响的理解,并可能建议公共关系如何在非殖民化努力中发挥作用。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
Public Relations Inquiry
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