Pub Date : 2021-12-09DOI: 10.57054/ajia.v12i1-2.1275
Journal system
Guest Editors Tukumbi Lumumba-Kasongo & Patrice Bigombe Logo Contents Introduction Etats et transformations de la politique en Afrique subsaharienne : quels nouveaux modes de régulations ? Tukumbi Lumumba-Kasongo & Patrice Bigombe Logo ........... .......... 1 La suppression de la limitation du nombre de mandats présidentiels au Cameroun : Analyse de la bifurcation de la trajectoire d’une politique institutionnelle André Tchoupie ............................................................................ 5 Sécurité et ordre politique au Cameroun : entre dynamiques internes et connexions internationales Belomo Essono Pélagie Chantal.....................................................39 Les gouvernements de transition comme sites d'institutionnalisation de la politique dans les ordres politiques en voie de sortie de crise en Afrique ? Yves Paul Mandjem.....................................................................81
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Pub Date : 2021-11-18DOI: 10.1080/10220461.2021.2003237
Marcelo C. Rosa
{"title":"BRICS and resistance in Africa: Contention, assimilation and co-optation","authors":"Marcelo C. Rosa","doi":"10.1080/10220461.2021.2003237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10220461.2021.2003237","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44641,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of International Affairs-SAJIA","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44516675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/10220461.2021.2000888
J. Ayelazuno, Lord Mawuko-Yevugah
ABSTRACT This article critically examines the discourse of African agency in global affairs via Ghana’s failure to implement the artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) component of the Africa Mining Vision (AMV). If implemented effectively, the AMV would serve as a signal example of African agency, demonstrating the capacity and autonomy of African states to govern their natural resources in the interests of their own development. One of the pillars of the AMV is a well-governed ASM sector, to promote sustainable rural livelihoods in Africa. However, in the case of Ghana, a leading member of the Africa Union, it is argued that neo-patrimonial practices have contributed immensely to a failure to implement its ASM policies. This fact points to a gulf between collective African agency on the global stage and the acute ineffectiveness of African states to implement the AMV, a continental development blueprint which has often been used to illustrate this very agency.
{"title":"Between the Africa Mining Vision and the neo-patrimonial state: The agency gap in Ghana’s regulation of artisanal and small-scale gold mining","authors":"J. Ayelazuno, Lord Mawuko-Yevugah","doi":"10.1080/10220461.2021.2000888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10220461.2021.2000888","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article critically examines the discourse of African agency in global affairs via Ghana’s failure to implement the artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) component of the Africa Mining Vision (AMV). If implemented effectively, the AMV would serve as a signal example of African agency, demonstrating the capacity and autonomy of African states to govern their natural resources in the interests of their own development. One of the pillars of the AMV is a well-governed ASM sector, to promote sustainable rural livelihoods in Africa. However, in the case of Ghana, a leading member of the Africa Union, it is argued that neo-patrimonial practices have contributed immensely to a failure to implement its ASM policies. This fact points to a gulf between collective African agency on the global stage and the acute ineffectiveness of African states to implement the AMV, a continental development blueprint which has often been used to illustrate this very agency.","PeriodicalId":44641,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of International Affairs-SAJIA","volume":"28 1","pages":"555 - 582"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44284537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/10220461.2021.1993994
J. Hickman
ABSTRACT References to African heads of government in broadcast news in the United States provides one framework through which the US news audience can better learn about African politics – and arguably one which is less fraught with potential misperceptions than news frames emphasising conflict and underdevelopment. This article reports the findings of a content analysis of various broadcast news programmes in the US over the period 2003–2020, with a view to the impact of that coverage on US foreign policy on Africa. What it reveals is that of the six broadcast news programmes in the study, only three – NPR's All Things Considered, CNN Newsroom and PBS NewsHour – made significant mention of African heads of government, and Egyptian and South African heads of government received disproportionate attention. The proposed result of such skewed news coverage is an impoverished US public opinion, with implications for US foreign policymaking.
{"title":"Missing mentions: An analysis of references to African heads of government in US broadcast news","authors":"J. Hickman","doi":"10.1080/10220461.2021.1993994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10220461.2021.1993994","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT References to African heads of government in broadcast news in the United States provides one framework through which the US news audience can better learn about African politics – and arguably one which is less fraught with potential misperceptions than news frames emphasising conflict and underdevelopment. This article reports the findings of a content analysis of various broadcast news programmes in the US over the period 2003–2020, with a view to the impact of that coverage on US foreign policy on Africa. What it reveals is that of the six broadcast news programmes in the study, only three – NPR's All Things Considered, CNN Newsroom and PBS NewsHour – made significant mention of African heads of government, and Egyptian and South African heads of government received disproportionate attention. The proposed result of such skewed news coverage is an impoverished US public opinion, with implications for US foreign policymaking.","PeriodicalId":44641,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of International Affairs-SAJIA","volume":"28 1","pages":"519 - 538"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46578876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/10220461.2021.2007165
Sven Botha
Séverine Autesserre has persistently made noteworthy and invaluable contributions to the literature on peacebuilding and conflict management, and The Frontlines of Peace is no exception to this trend. Autesserre notes that war has cost the international community $10 trillion annually, which equates to 13% of the world’s gross domestic product and an expenditure of $4 per person per day (p. 17). This mass expenditure, according to Autesserre, is a significant flaw of the peace industry at present. Autesserre argues that ‘[c]contrary to what most politicians preach, building peace doesn’t require billions in aid or massive international interventions’; rather, for Autesserre, ‘[r]eal, lasting pace requires giving power to ordinary citizens’ (pp. 18–19). With this premise in mind, Autesserre proceeds to review the peace industry: what she refers to as ‘Peace, Inc’. Peace, Inc adopts a top-down approach in terms of which peacebuilders and interveners originating from outside a conflict zone arrive in a conflict zone with the view that they know best. This approach is often rooted in stereotypes of the populace residing in the conflict zone in question. In order to prove her point, Autesserre points to her own experiences in the field. She recounts an episode, for example, where a European diplomat likened the violence in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) to that witnessed during the Middle Ages. On a different occasion, a humanitarian worker posited that sexual violence was commonplace within Congolese society due to the existence of an extensive rape culture. Such stereotypes result in the perpetuation of negative perceptions of those residing in conflict zones. In the DRC context, locals gained a reputation associated with the idea that ‘Congo is as Congo does’ (p. 71). Reputations of this kind result in external interveners perceiving populations in conflict zones as weak and incompetent, which in turn leads to the former operating on the assumption that they have a better sense of how to resolve conflict than the latter. Against this backdrop, again drawing from her experiences in the field, Autesserre makes the case that insiders and outsiders need to ensure that they interact outside of the workspace in their efforts to bring about peace, as doing so will help disrupt habitual patterns and defuse tense relationships between different sides. Doing so would help to challenge, and in time reset, the top-down approach practised by Peace, Inc. Towards the end of the volume, Autesserre reflects on her years in the field, offering the reader her version of what she terms the ‘Model Intervener’; for Autesserre, such an individual understands that (p. 153):
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Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/10220461.2021.2014355
M. Lenn
ABSTRACT Gambia’s foreign policy on Senegal under the presidency of Yahya AJJ Jammeh (1996–2016) is the focus of this article. The study relied on speeches, statements and communiqués as its source of data for analysis. Using constructivism as a general theory and discourse analysis as a framework of analysis, the work argues that the Gambia’s foreign policy towards its neighbour was built upon two main social constructs, namely ‘two states, one people’ and ‘next-door enemy’. Despite changes in the leadership in Senegal, it is argued that the Gambian leadership consistently constructed Senegal in the same way during this period. The article concludes that these two constructs explain the often contradictory relationship between the two countries. While the ‘two states, one people’ construct was used to argue for and build cordial relationships, ‘the next-door enemy’ construct was invoked to condemn Senegal and justify strained relations.
{"title":"A constructivist approach to Gambia-Senegal relations: Analysis of the ‘two states, one people’ and the ‘next-door enemy’ discourse","authors":"M. Lenn","doi":"10.1080/10220461.2021.2014355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10220461.2021.2014355","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Gambia’s foreign policy on Senegal under the presidency of Yahya AJJ Jammeh (1996–2016) is the focus of this article. The study relied on speeches, statements and communiqués as its source of data for analysis. Using constructivism as a general theory and discourse analysis as a framework of analysis, the work argues that the Gambia’s foreign policy towards its neighbour was built upon two main social constructs, namely ‘two states, one people’ and ‘next-door enemy’. Despite changes in the leadership in Senegal, it is argued that the Gambian leadership consistently constructed Senegal in the same way during this period. The article concludes that these two constructs explain the often contradictory relationship between the two countries. While the ‘two states, one people’ construct was used to argue for and build cordial relationships, ‘the next-door enemy’ construct was invoked to condemn Senegal and justify strained relations.","PeriodicalId":44641,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of International Affairs-SAJIA","volume":"28 1","pages":"605 - 628"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49409961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/10220461.2021.2009018
Gilbert M. Khadiagala
peacekeeping). Instead, it encourages us to think of peacebuilding as a long-term ‘all inclusive’ process which must start at the beginning of, and persist throughout, the conflict management cycle. In addition to potentially changing our way of thinking about Peace, Inc, The Frontlines of Peace offers the reader unique insights into how invaluable fieldwork and qualitative research methods can prove, if undertaken rigorously. Many of Autesserre’s insights and arguments are more relatable to readers thanks to various maps and photographs provided. Through challenging the way we think, The Front Lines of Peace is a laudable contribution to the literature and would be of interest to a number of reading communities. First, researchers in political science, international relations and related disciplines would find this book useful, especially if one of their aims is to interrogate the peace industry in their research. Second, students may find The Frontlines of Peace useful as a source of inspiration, particularly if they intend to engage in fieldwork in future. Third, given that Autesserre’s emphasis on understanding local context, The Frontlines of Peacemay prove useful for thinking about how diplomats should serve in conflict zones, The Frontlines of Peace would also be of interest to those engaged in capacity building activities such as diplomatic training. Finally, Autesserre’s means of bringing practical insights into peacebuilding would also make the volume valuable to academics who seek inspiration on how they can enhance their roles within peacebuilding. Overall, Séverine Autesserre has provided her readers with a roadmap for changing the world of peacebuilding; such change, however, will take time, as well as willingness and collaboration from both insiders and outsiders engaging in conflict management within conflict zones.
{"title":"Authoritarian Africa: Repression, Resistance, and the Power of Ideas","authors":"Gilbert M. Khadiagala","doi":"10.1080/10220461.2021.2009018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10220461.2021.2009018","url":null,"abstract":"peacekeeping). Instead, it encourages us to think of peacebuilding as a long-term ‘all inclusive’ process which must start at the beginning of, and persist throughout, the conflict management cycle. In addition to potentially changing our way of thinking about Peace, Inc, The Frontlines of Peace offers the reader unique insights into how invaluable fieldwork and qualitative research methods can prove, if undertaken rigorously. Many of Autesserre’s insights and arguments are more relatable to readers thanks to various maps and photographs provided. Through challenging the way we think, The Front Lines of Peace is a laudable contribution to the literature and would be of interest to a number of reading communities. First, researchers in political science, international relations and related disciplines would find this book useful, especially if one of their aims is to interrogate the peace industry in their research. Second, students may find The Frontlines of Peace useful as a source of inspiration, particularly if they intend to engage in fieldwork in future. Third, given that Autesserre’s emphasis on understanding local context, The Frontlines of Peacemay prove useful for thinking about how diplomats should serve in conflict zones, The Frontlines of Peace would also be of interest to those engaged in capacity building activities such as diplomatic training. Finally, Autesserre’s means of bringing practical insights into peacebuilding would also make the volume valuable to academics who seek inspiration on how they can enhance their roles within peacebuilding. Overall, Séverine Autesserre has provided her readers with a roadmap for changing the world of peacebuilding; such change, however, will take time, as well as willingness and collaboration from both insiders and outsiders engaging in conflict management within conflict zones.","PeriodicalId":44641,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of International Affairs-SAJIA","volume":"28 1","pages":"656 - 657"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42254992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/10220461.2021.1995480
A. Hoosain, L. Rangasamy
ABSTRACT The rapid globalisation of the world economy has heightened the exposure of many economies to global economic developments. Small open economies have become particularly vulnerable to global shocks, a situation which has increased their need for emergency funding during times of crisis. The global financial safety net (GFSN) is a financial backstop at the international level which provides support to countries during periods of financial stress. However, access to the GFSN is ‘unequal’ and ‘uneven’, with emerging and developing economies being particularly disadvantaged. This paper provides an overview of the GFSN and analyses South Africa's access to the GFSN in a comparative setting. The analysis reveals South Africa's unequal access to the GFSN, relative to upper-middle income and high-income countries. Finally, the paper highlights some measures to strengthen the country's financial backstop at the international level to enhance South Africa's resilience against international financial shocks.
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Economic inequalities are among the greatest human rights challenges the world faces today due to the past four decades of neoliberal policy dominance. Globally, there are now over 2,000 billionaires, while 3.4 billion people live below the poverty line of US $5.50 per day. Many human rights scholars and practitioners read these statistics with alarm, asking what impact such extreme inequalities have on realizing human rights and what role, if any, should human rights have in challenging them? This edited volume examines these questions from multiple disciplinary perspectives, seeking to uncover the relationships between human rights and economic inequalities, and the barriers and pathways to greater economic equality and full enjoyment of human rights for all. The volume is a unique contribution to the emerging literature on human rights and economic inequality, as it is interdisciplinary, global in reach and extends to several under-researched areas in the field.
{"title":"Human Rights and Economic Inequalities","authors":"Alexander Beyleveld","doi":"10.1017/9781009006545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009006545","url":null,"abstract":"Economic inequalities are among the greatest human rights challenges the world faces today due to the past four decades of neoliberal policy dominance. Globally, there are now over 2,000 billionaires, while 3.4 billion people live below the poverty line of US $5.50 per day. Many human rights scholars and practitioners read these statistics with alarm, asking what impact such extreme inequalities have on realizing human rights and what role, if any, should human rights have in challenging them? This edited volume examines these questions from multiple disciplinary perspectives, seeking to uncover the relationships between human rights and economic inequalities, and the barriers and pathways to greater economic equality and full enjoyment of human rights for all. The volume is a unique contribution to the emerging literature on human rights and economic inequality, as it is interdisciplinary, global in reach and extends to several under-researched areas in the field.","PeriodicalId":44641,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of International Affairs-SAJIA","volume":"29 1","pages":"387 - 389"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43959114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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