Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10220461.2023.2203689
Michael Aeby, J. Pring
ABSTRACT The intergovernmental organisations (IGOs) that form the African Peace and Security Architecture introduced mediation support structures (MSS) to improve their ability to mediate in conflicts. But the effectiveness of MSS has been mixed. This study examines whether and why the MSS of four IGOs – the African Union, Economic Community of West African States, Intergovernmental Authority for Development and Southern African Development Community – developed the ability to fulfil the four core functions of MSS: (1) supporting mediators, (2) providing training, (3) managing knowledge, and (4) networking. It compares the operationalisation and utilisation of MSS and explores market dynamics in their development. The study found that MSS capabilities, utilisation and sustainability depended on whether their development was driven mainly by the demand for professional support by mediators, technical staff and political decision-makers, or by the supply of services offered by entrepreneurial non-government organisations and by readily available funding from international development partners.
{"title":"Development trajectories of mediation support structures in the AU, ECOWAS, IGAD and SADC","authors":"Michael Aeby, J. Pring","doi":"10.1080/10220461.2023.2203689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10220461.2023.2203689","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The intergovernmental organisations (IGOs) that form the African Peace and Security Architecture introduced mediation support structures (MSS) to improve their ability to mediate in conflicts. But the effectiveness of MSS has been mixed. This study examines whether and why the MSS of four IGOs – the African Union, Economic Community of West African States, Intergovernmental Authority for Development and Southern African Development Community – developed the ability to fulfil the four core functions of MSS: (1) supporting mediators, (2) providing training, (3) managing knowledge, and (4) networking. It compares the operationalisation and utilisation of MSS and explores market dynamics in their development. The study found that MSS capabilities, utilisation and sustainability depended on whether their development was driven mainly by the demand for professional support by mediators, technical staff and political decision-makers, or by the supply of services offered by entrepreneurial non-government organisations and by readily available funding from international development partners.","PeriodicalId":44641,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of International Affairs-SAJIA","volume":"30 1","pages":"97 - 120"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45860660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10220461.2023.2193573
Christopher Williams
{"title":"The Presidents: From Mandela to Ramaphosa, Leadership in the Age of Crisis","authors":"Christopher Williams","doi":"10.1080/10220461.2023.2193573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10220461.2023.2193573","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44641,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of International Affairs-SAJIA","volume":"30 1","pages":"159 - 161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44335269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10220461.2023.2194278
Alan Hirsch
{"title":"Migration and Africa – what light do four recent books cast on migration in Africa?","authors":"Alan Hirsch","doi":"10.1080/10220461.2023.2194278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10220461.2023.2194278","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44641,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of International Affairs-SAJIA","volume":"30 1","pages":"153 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45123936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10220461.2023.2193564
J. van Wyk
ABSTRACT South Africa and Rwanda established full diplomatic relations in May 1995, one year after the end of apartheid and the genocide in Rwanda. Initially warm diplomatic ties evolved into concrete, diversified and upgraded diplomatic relations. However, their diplomatic relations subsequently declined significantly due to a series of accusations and counter accusations regarding Rwandan citizens living in South Africa. The two states moved to normalise diplomatic relations in 2014, however that attempt was unsuccessful. The article explores the dynamics of diplomatic normalisation and unpacks a four-phased approach to normalisation which is then applied to the South African and Rwandan normalisation efforts since 2018, when presidents Cyril Ramaphosa and Paul Kagame expressed their mutual intention in this regard within their respective foreign policy approaches. As of 2023, however, unresolved and emerging factors continue to compromise the prospects of normalised diplomatic relations between Kigali and Pretoria.
{"title":"The diplomacy of normalisation: The case of South Africa and Rwanda","authors":"J. van Wyk","doi":"10.1080/10220461.2023.2193564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10220461.2023.2193564","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT South Africa and Rwanda established full diplomatic relations in May 1995, one year after the end of apartheid and the genocide in Rwanda. Initially warm diplomatic ties evolved into concrete, diversified and upgraded diplomatic relations. However, their diplomatic relations subsequently declined significantly due to a series of accusations and counter accusations regarding Rwandan citizens living in South Africa. The two states moved to normalise diplomatic relations in 2014, however that attempt was unsuccessful. The article explores the dynamics of diplomatic normalisation and unpacks a four-phased approach to normalisation which is then applied to the South African and Rwandan normalisation efforts since 2018, when presidents Cyril Ramaphosa and Paul Kagame expressed their mutual intention in this regard within their respective foreign policy approaches. As of 2023, however, unresolved and emerging factors continue to compromise the prospects of normalised diplomatic relations between Kigali and Pretoria.","PeriodicalId":44641,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of International Affairs-SAJIA","volume":"30 1","pages":"47 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44336313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10220461.2023.2194288
D. Bach
1. Juniour Khumalo, ‘Mahlobo was “key cog in state capture project”, says Cope as it lays charges against him,’ News24, 4 July 2022, https://www.news24.com/news24/politics/ mahlobo-was-key-cog-in-state-capture-project-says-cope-as-it-lays-charges-against-him-2
{"title":"Overlapping Regional Organizations in South America and Africa; Coexistence Through Political Crises","authors":"D. Bach","doi":"10.1080/10220461.2023.2194288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10220461.2023.2194288","url":null,"abstract":"1. Juniour Khumalo, ‘Mahlobo was “key cog in state capture project”, says Cope as it lays charges against him,’ News24, 4 July 2022, https://www.news24.com/news24/politics/ mahlobo-was-key-cog-in-state-capture-project-says-cope-as-it-lays-charges-against-him-2","PeriodicalId":44641,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of International Affairs-SAJIA","volume":"30 1","pages":"161 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44826049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10220461.2023.2207557
T. Amusan, P. Nel
ABSTRACT What is the best term to describe China’s global geo-economic strategy? This article posits that neo-mercantilism accurately describes China’s global geo-economic strategy. Neo-mercantilism, which has a long history in Chinese thought, is a strategy of state-building that combines liberal and protectionist means to enhance the relative position of the state and its political elite. In contrast to mercantilism, this strategy is not exclusively zero-sum in that it also facilitates the selective developmental needs of targeted states. However, the actual relative gains made by a neo-mercantilist power are larger than those of the target state. Nigeria is a regional economic powerhouse with large natural-resource rents and extensive development needs, making it a prime destination for Chinese neo-mercantilist engagement. While Chinese engagement serves some of the immediate developmental needs of Nigeria, the bottom line is that China gains considerably more from its engagement with Nigeria than vice versa.
{"title":"The limits of mutual benefit: A neo-mercantilist perspective on China’s economic relations with Nigeria","authors":"T. Amusan, P. Nel","doi":"10.1080/10220461.2023.2207557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10220461.2023.2207557","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT What is the best term to describe China’s global geo-economic strategy? This article posits that neo-mercantilism accurately describes China’s global geo-economic strategy. Neo-mercantilism, which has a long history in Chinese thought, is a strategy of state-building that combines liberal and protectionist means to enhance the relative position of the state and its political elite. In contrast to mercantilism, this strategy is not exclusively zero-sum in that it also facilitates the selective developmental needs of targeted states. However, the actual relative gains made by a neo-mercantilist power are larger than those of the target state. Nigeria is a regional economic powerhouse with large natural-resource rents and extensive development needs, making it a prime destination for Chinese neo-mercantilist engagement. While Chinese engagement serves some of the immediate developmental needs of Nigeria, the bottom line is that China gains considerably more from its engagement with Nigeria than vice versa.","PeriodicalId":44641,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of International Affairs-SAJIA","volume":"30 1","pages":"121 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41895206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10220461.2023.2180083
Mandira Bagwandeen, Christopher Edyegu, O. Otele
ABSTRACT Africa is facing a new debt crisis, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. China, a major creditor nation, has demonstrated a willingness to negotiate debt relief measures with African states on both a bilateral and multilateral basis. An assessment of African agency in bilateral debt renegotiations remains a conundrum for China–Africa observers, however, due to the secretive nature of these talks. Given the power deficits that African states hold relative to China, this article, on the basis of the application of an analytical framework and a study of the Zambian case, argues that it would be more strategic for African officials to engage with the Chinese via multilateral channels when it comes to debt renegotiations. Additionally, in view of decreased Chinese lending and the concerns of Chinese creditors about their debt exposure in Africa, the article provides a brief look ahead at the future of Chinese lending to the continent.
{"title":"African agency, COVID-19 and debt renegotiations with China","authors":"Mandira Bagwandeen, Christopher Edyegu, O. Otele","doi":"10.1080/10220461.2023.2180083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10220461.2023.2180083","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 Africa is facing a new debt crisis, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. China, a major creditor nation, has demonstrated a willingness to negotiate debt relief measures with African states on both a bilateral and multilateral basis. An assessment of African agency in bilateral debt renegotiations remains a conundrum for China–Africa observers, however, due to the secretive nature of these talks. Given the power deficits that African states hold relative to China, this article, on the basis of the application of an analytical framework and a study of the Zambian case, argues that it would be more strategic for African officials to engage with the Chinese via multilateral channels when it comes to debt renegotiations. Additionally, in view of decreased Chinese lending and the concerns of Chinese creditors about their debt exposure in Africa, the article provides a brief look ahead at the future of Chinese lending to the continent.","PeriodicalId":44641,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of International Affairs-SAJIA","volume":"30 1","pages":"1 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41327727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10220461.2023.2193157
M. Rubin
{"title":"State Behavior and the International Criminal Court: Between Cooperation and Resistance","authors":"M. Rubin","doi":"10.1080/10220461.2023.2193157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10220461.2023.2193157","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44641,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of International Affairs-SAJIA","volume":"30 1","pages":"163 - 165"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44295128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10220461.2023.2201586
Sven Botha
this means there was a lack of a shared position. There is insufficient evidence to support this considering that collective statements were still delivered in 2013 and 2014 at the ICC’s annual General Debate, and that many African states upheld the AU non-cooperation decision. Boehme’s table 4.1 (82) shows that Omar Al Bashir, the former President of Sudan, cancelled 11 trips to nine African ICC States Parties due to threat of arrest but was permitted to visit eight African States Parties on 16 occasions without such threat. Boehme’s conclusion is not necessarily untrue; but more evidence is needed to support an unequivocal conclusion. Overall, State Behavior and the International Criminal Court is a fascinating read that is packed with useful analysis. The few areas for improvement do not detract from its principal findings. It is a worthwhile addition to the existing literature about African-ICC relations and should be required reading to ensure a holistic perspective on this relationship.
{"title":"The Islamic State in Africa: The Emergence, Evolution, and Future of the Next Jihadist Battlefield","authors":"Sven Botha","doi":"10.1080/10220461.2023.2201586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10220461.2023.2201586","url":null,"abstract":"this means there was a lack of a shared position. There is insufficient evidence to support this considering that collective statements were still delivered in 2013 and 2014 at the ICC’s annual General Debate, and that many African states upheld the AU non-cooperation decision. Boehme’s table 4.1 (82) shows that Omar Al Bashir, the former President of Sudan, cancelled 11 trips to nine African ICC States Parties due to threat of arrest but was permitted to visit eight African States Parties on 16 occasions without such threat. Boehme’s conclusion is not necessarily untrue; but more evidence is needed to support an unequivocal conclusion. Overall, State Behavior and the International Criminal Court is a fascinating read that is packed with useful analysis. The few areas for improvement do not detract from its principal findings. It is a worthwhile addition to the existing literature about African-ICC relations and should be required reading to ensure a holistic perspective on this relationship.","PeriodicalId":44641,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of International Affairs-SAJIA","volume":"30 1","pages":"165 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43997546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10220461.2023.2200405
Ardian Shajkovci, Rukaya M. Abdirahman, Amanda Garry, Allison McDowell-Smith, Mohamed Ahmed
ABSTRACT The primary focus of Somalia’s Defection Rehabilitation Programme and other disengagement efforts has been on male defectors. This study, given its specific focus on women associated with al Shabaab, serves to support a rationale for gender-sensitive rehabilitation and reintegration efforts following involvement with extremist and terrorist groups. The authors interviewed women defectors from al Shabaab, providing a rare glimpse into their experiences. As such, the research contributes towards developing a baseline for research on female ex-combatants or those affiliated with al Shabaab in general. Issues analysed include those of personal identity, the mechanics of recruitment, pathways out of extremism, and the prevalence of gender stereotypes blended with the need to provide for the long-term needs of women leaving al Shabaab. Future research should include larger samples of wives and other female family of al Shabaab members, as well as current female members of the group.
{"title":"Listening to women defectors from al Shabaab: Strengthening gender-sensitive disengagement efforts in Somalia","authors":"Ardian Shajkovci, Rukaya M. Abdirahman, Amanda Garry, Allison McDowell-Smith, Mohamed Ahmed","doi":"10.1080/10220461.2023.2200405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10220461.2023.2200405","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 The primary focus of Somalia’s Defection Rehabilitation Programme and other disengagement efforts has been on male defectors. This study, given its specific focus on women associated with al Shabaab, serves to support a rationale for gender-sensitive rehabilitation and reintegration efforts following involvement with extremist and terrorist groups. The authors interviewed women defectors from al Shabaab, providing a rare glimpse into their experiences. As such, the research contributes towards developing a baseline for research on female ex-combatants or those affiliated with al Shabaab in general. Issues analysed include those of personal identity, the mechanics of recruitment, pathways out of extremism, and the prevalence of gender stereotypes blended with the need to provide for the long-term needs of women leaving al Shabaab. Future research should include larger samples of wives and other female family of al Shabaab members, as well as current female members of the group.","PeriodicalId":44641,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of International Affairs-SAJIA","volume":"30 1","pages":"75 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46105523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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